The Shock Caused by Collision on Railway Vehicles Equipped with Central Coupling
|
|
- Collin Gilmore
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The Shock Caused by Collision on Railway Vehicles Equipped with Central Coupling TĂNĂSOIU AURELIA, COPACI ION Facultatea de Inginerie Aurel Vlaicu University Arad, Calea Aurel Vlaicu, nr. ROMÂNIA Abstract:The two transport systems, the conventional one characterized by the wheel-rail system and the magnetic levitation system have, as a fundamental distinctive factor, the method of obtaining sustentation, traction and propulsion of vehicles on the railway, including the necessary and fundamentally mandatory guidance. Each of the two traction systems has advantages and disadvantages. The paper aims to analyze and compare these two systems, from the point of view of infrastructure of the vehicles, guidance safety and travel dynamics as technical aspects, together with the economical implications which can also decide the optimal system to adopt. Keywords: shock caused by collision, shock insulators, stored potential deformation energy. 1. Introduction The shock load for railway vehicles is due to the appearance of a relative velocity between neighbouring vehicles, both in travel as well as during the formation of freight trains. The effect of the shocks, as loads appearing in use, is the transmission of forces through the central coupling of the vehicles and implicitly of accelerations to the masses of the vehicles, particularly to the transported freight and passengers. In order to diminish the effects caused by the shock, railway vehicles are equipped with shock insulators (dampeners) that have the purpose of reducing the levels of the transmitted forces and accelerations. The storage capacity for potential deformation energy of the shock insulators is We described by the β factor (We potential Ep deformation energy of the shock insulators; Ep potential deformation energy of the vehicles) that determines the decrease of the level of forces and accelerations transmitted during the collision. In the use of railway vehicles there is a tendency to increase travel speeds, reduce formation times for trains as well as increasing the axle load. Consequently, the forces and accelerations transmitted to the vehicles as a result of the collision, reach relatively high values that need to be considered during the conceptionm design and execution of railway vehicles.. Dynamic Characteristics Initially, the characteristic dynamic diagrams were obtained for the action of a shock caused by the free fall of a weight (ram), with a well determined mass, from different launching heights, on the buffer or central coupling dampener, affixed to a rigid plate []. The system thus adopted for testing differs significantly from the mechanical system encountered in the use of railway vehicles, specifically that formed by the masses of the two vehicles separated by the shock insulators, system which has a longitudinal freedom of motion. The excitation function (system input), meaning the momentum "mv" of the ram mass is applied, through the buffer or central coupling dampener, to a plate of theoretically infinite mass. Thus, time variations are obtained for the force and contraction of the buffer or central coupling dampener, as response functions to the applied excitation, particular to the mechanical ISSN: ISBN:
2 system used and different from those of the real system. Consequently, through this method, characteristic dynamic diagrams are obtained that can not lead to a correct qualitative appreciation of the shock insulator, resulting in erroneous dynamic characteristics. Through the process of experimentally determining the characteristic dynamic diagrams with the method of the falling ram, we have established the diagram in figure 1 for a central coupling dampener type S-V-90, used by the railway administrations of the former USSR countries. In figure we have presented the characteristic dynamic diagram of the same type of dampener, determined through the method of collision of two railway cars, each with a mass of 9t, at a collision velocity of 6,0km/h. The following observations can be made: - The variation of force as a function of contraction differs significantly between the two. In the case of the diagram in figure 1, sudden increases of the force appear, followed by decreases. In the case of the diagram in figure, the evolution of the force is approximately linear up to a contraction of 75mm; - The stored potential deformation energy and the dissipation coefficient η for the same maximum contraction D max =85mm have higher values for the collision, We=30,4KJ, η=0,88, than in the case of the falling ram, when We=1,8KJ, η=0,63. Thus, large differences are observed in regards to the obtained dynamic characteristics, fact which categorically imposes the option of determining the characteristic dynamic diagram for shock insulators by the method of collision. Fig.1 Fig. 3. On The Shock Caused by Collision A series of authors have tried to theoretically establish mathematical expressions of the forces and accelerations transmitted to the vehicles during the collision process. The general case of the collision of two railway cars is considered. The colliding car, with mass m 1 and velocity v 1, impacts a collided car, of mass m and velocity v, with v 1 > v. The cars are equipped with shock insulators (buffers or central coupling dampeners). In the collision process a part of the kinetic energy of the vehicles is transformed into potential deformation energy which is maximum at time t 1 when the vehicles travel at the same velocity v 1. The expression of the potential deformation energy E p is: E p m1m = m + m 1 ( v v ) 1 = m1m m + m 1 v (1) where: m 1 mass of the colliding car; m mass of the collided car; v relative velocity between vehicles (collision velocity). Figure 3 shows the time evolution of the kinematic parameters, acceleration a, velocity v and displacement x, of the colliding car 1and the collided car during the shock caused by a collision at 1 km/h. The cars had masses of m 1 = m = 80t. On the figure we have noticed the sum of contractions of the bumpers of the colliding and collided cars D 1 +D =196 mm. Another noticeable element is the moment t 1 at which the cars have the same velocity and the process of transforming kinetic energy into potential deformation energy stored in the shock insulators (bumpers) ended. ISSN: ISBN:
3 Fig. 3 Time evolution of acceleration a (t) of collided car, determined experimentally and of the derived parameters v 1 (t), v (t), x 1 (t) and x (t) for collision C C The study of the time variation of the motion parameters of the vehicles, as response functions to the shock caused by collision, leads to the following observations: 1. At each moment "t" of the collision process which occurs on the time interval (0-t ), the contraction "D" of the shock insulators that equip the vehicles is: t D = x1 x = v1 dt v dt () t 0 0. At the time t 1, when the vehicles have the common velocity v 1 and the stored potential energy of the vehicles is maximum, the difference between the distances traveled by the vehicles represents the maximum contraction of the shock absorbers "D max " and, obviously the surface " S ", between the curves v 1 and v []: t1 t1 v1 dt v( t dt = D max = x1 ( t1) x( t1) = ) S (3) Experimentally it is observed that, at time t = t* 1, the accelerations transmitted to the vehicles cancel out. Consequently, the vehicles move on the time interval (t* 1 - t ), with constant velocities "v* 1 " and "v* " respectively, while remaining in contact on the whole interval, while the space between the vehicles increases " D(t) " = x 1 (t) - x (t). This phenomenon occurs due to the fact that at time t* 1 the shock absorbers of the vehicles show another deformation (remanent contraction) which, on the interval (t* 1 - t ) cancels out. Thus, the increase of the space between the vehicles at each moment of the time interval (t* 1 - t ) is compensated by the recovery of the contraction of the shock absorbers. At the moment t, whih marks the ened of the collision process, the shock absorbers (bumpers, central coupling dampeners) return to the initial position, corresponding to the moment t = t 1 = 0 (the start of the collision process). 4. The process of transforming stored potential energy into kinetic energy, triggered at t = t 1, ends at t = t* 1, when the vehicles reach velocities v* 1 and v* respectively. Consequently, the values of the maximum contraction "D max " and the surface "S" which represents the value of the maximum contraction are: D max = * t1 v t) dt * t1 ( 1 t1 t1 v dt = S (4) The energy coefficient that characterizes the efficiency of shock insulators is β, meaning the ratio between the potential deformation energy stored by the shock insulators, W e and the total potential energy, which includes the potential energy stored by the elastic elements that represent the bearing structures, the elastic elements that form the suspension of the vehicle, equipment and existing load (freight, passengers): β = W e / E p (5) The theoretical expressions of the transmitted force established previously can be used only in the conditions of the vehicles being equipped with shock insulators that have a linear variation between force and contraction. Railway vehicles can be equipped with shock insulators whose elastic elements have a non-linear variation between force and contraction [], [3]. In the case of the collision of two vehicles of the same type, with m 1 = m = m, K C1 = K C = K C, p 1 = p = p, iar β 1 = β = β, the expression of the transmitted force becomes: ( v v ) 1 m K C Fmax = β (6) p where: - p=f(v) is the plenitude coefficient and represents the ratio between the stored potential deformation energy and the product between the maximum transmitted force and the maximum contraction of the shock insulator; - K c =f(v) is the conventional rigidity of the central coupling dampener and is the ratio between the maximum transmitted force and the maximum contraction of the shock insulator. ISSN: ISBN:
4 4. Experimental Determinations During testing, the colliding car, launched from the inclined plane of the testing stand, collided, at different velocities, the collided car situated at rest and unbraked on the plane section of the stand. The used cars were 4 axle freight cars, loaded with bulk goods (sand, gravel, broken rock etc.) up to a total mass of 9t/car. At each shock caused by the collision of the cars, during the collision process, the following parameters were determined experimentally: - collision velocity v; - forces transmitted through the buffers F(t); -contraction of the dampener on the collided car D(t). The forces transmitted through the central coupling were determined using an own solution represented in the set-up shown in figure 4 and the force transducer in figure 5. Fig Orthogonal direction force transducer (elastic element equippedwith electric resistive transducers) Collision tests were conducted with the vehicles equipped with shock insulators with friction elastic elements in two situations: 1. elastic element with maximum displacement 90mm (figure 6);. elastic element with maximum displacement 130mm (figure 7). Fig. 4 Own conception set-up (1-force transducer, -affixing device, 3-coupling head, 4-coupling end) Fig. 6. Central coupling dampener type S-V-90 (1 hull of the dampening device; pressure cone; 3 friction key; 4 exterior spring; 5 interior spring; 6 tightening screw; 7 affixing nut) ISSN: ISBN:
5 In figures 10 and 11 we have represented the variations as a function of velocity of the transmitted force and accelerations, respectively, for the collision at different velocities (F 1, a 1 dampener with 90 mm displacement; F, a dampener with 130 mm displacement). Fig. 7 Characteristic dynamic diagram of the type S-V-90 dampener Fig. 10 Diagram of the force F transmitted during collision as a function of the collision velocity Fig.8. type S-6-TO-4 central coupling dampener (1 body of the dampening device; cover; 3,4 tightening cone variants; 5 friction key; 6 tightening washer; 7 exterior spring; 8 interior spring; 9 washer; 10 tightening screw; 11 affixer; 1 affixing nut) Fig. 11 Diagram of the transmitted accelerations during collision, as a function of collision velocity 5. Conclusions Fig. 9 Characteristic dynamic diagram of the no.1 dampener type S-6-TO-4-10 Figures 7 and 9 show the dynamic characteristics of the two shock insulators, determined experimentally at collision velocities that led to the reaching of the maximum contraction. From the analysis of the experimental results, it is obvious that the different capacity for storing potential deformation energy of the two types of shock insulators that equipped, in turn, the railway vehicle during testing, determined the consequences reflected in figures 1 and 11. A considerable decrease of the forces and accelerations transmitted during the shock caused by collision is observed when comparing the presented situations 1 and ISSN: ISBN:
6 . REFERENCES [1]Copaci I., Trif E. ş.a. - Aplicarea metodei tensometrice pentru calcularea forţei transmise şi a lucrului mecanic înmagazinat de amortizoarele de şoc în timpul tamponării. Revista Transporturilor şi Telecomunicaţiilor nr. 3 la al II-lea Simpozion Naţional de Tensometrie cu participare internaţională, Cluj Napoca 1980, pag ; [] Sebeşan I., Copaci I. - Teoria sistemelor elastice la vehiculele feroviare, Editura Matrix Rom Bucureţti 008; [3] Tănăsoiu Aurelia, Copaci Ion - Study on the Sock caused by Collision of Railway Vehicles, International Journal of Mechanics, ISSN , pag , [4] Aurelia Tanasoiu, Ion Copaci Study on the evolution of kinematic parameters during the shock caused by railway vehicle collision, Simpozionul Internaţional INTERPARTNER -7 sept. 008, Alusta, Crimea. ISSN: ISBN:
Theoretical and experimental study of the bearing structure of tank wagon
Theoretical and experimental study of the bearing structure of tank wagon SORIN MIHAI RADU, BOGDAN TĂNĂSOIU Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Engineering and Transportation University of
More informationSTUDY OF EFFECTS OF VIBRATIONS CAUSED BY RAILWAY TRAFFIC TO BUILDINGS
Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov CIBv 2014 Vol. 7 (56) Special Issue No. 1-2014 STUDY OF EFFECTS OF VIBRATIONS CAUSED BY RAILWAY TRAFFIC TO BUILDINGS R. NERIŞANU 1 D. DRĂGAN 1 M. SUCIU
More informationConsiderations Concerning the Dynamics of Vibratory Mills Used in Powders Mechanical Milling Process
ANALELE UNIVERSITĂłII EFTIMIE MURGU REŞIłA ANUL XVII, NR. 1, 21, ISSN 1453-7397 Radu Panaitescu-Liess, Amelitta Legendi, Cristian Pavel Considerations Concerning the Dynamics of Vibratory Mills Used in
More information3. Kinetics of Particles
3. Kinetics of Particles 3.1 Force, Mass and Acceleration 3.3 Impulse and Momentum 3.4 Impact 1 3.1 Force, Mass and Acceleration We draw two important conclusions from the results of the experiments. First,
More informationVibration Characteristics of the Platform in highspeed Railway Elevated Station
TELKOMNIKA, Vol.11, No.3, March 2013, pp. 1383 ~ 1392 e-issn: 2087-278X 1383 Vibration Characteristics of the Platform in highspeed Railway Elevated Station Wang Tie*, Wei Qingchao School of Civil Engineering,
More information2.003SC Engineering Dynamics
2.003SC Engineering Dynamics Problem Set 1 1. This is a review problem on the topic of projectile motion. A football player kicks a ball, giving it an initial speed of 80 ft/s with an initial angle relative
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
PH105-007 Exam 2 VERSION A Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) A 1.0-kg block and a 2.0-kg block are pressed together on a horizontal
More informationROLLING STOCK BRAKING PERFORMANCE EVALUATION UNDER LOW ADHESION CONDITIONS
11 th International Conference on Vibration Problems Z. Dimitrovová et al. (eds.) Lisbon, Portugal, 9-12 September 2013 ROLLING STOCK BRAKING PERFORMANCE EVALUATION UNDER LOW ADHESION CONDITIONS Marco
More informationConservation of Momentum
Conservation of Momentum 1 Introduction In this lab you will investigate conservation of momentum and the concepts of elastic and inelastic collisions. You will use similar techniques that you developed
More informationIntroduction to Mechanical Vibration
2103433 Introduction to Mechanical Vibration Nopdanai Ajavakom (NAV) 1 Course Topics Introduction to Vibration What is vibration? Basic concepts of vibration Modeling Linearization Single-Degree-of-Freedom
More informationWhich row, A to D, in the table correctly shows the quantities conserved in an inelastic collision? mass momentum kinetic energy total energy
1 Water of density 1000 kg m 3 flows out of a garden hose of cross-sectional area 7.2 10 4 m 2 at a rate of 2.0 10 4 m 3 per second. How much momentum is carried by the water leaving the hose per second?
More information14300 Dynamics Carts w/o Hoops Teachers Instructions
14300 Dynamics Carts w/o Hoops Teachers Instructions Required Accessories o (2) Table stops (wooden bars) o (4) C-Clamps o (2) Recording Timers (#15210 or #15215) o (5) Bricks or Books (or other identical
More informationAnnouncements. Principle of Work and Energy - Sections Engr222 Spring 2004 Chapter Test Wednesday
Announcements Test Wednesday Closed book 3 page sheet sheet (on web) Calculator Chap 12.6-10, 13.1-6 Principle of Work and Energy - Sections 14.1-3 Today s Objectives: Students will be able to: a) Calculate
More informationQ2. Two forces of 6 N and 10 N act at a point. Which of the following could not be the magnitude of the result?
Q1. Two ice skaters, initially at rest and in contact, push apart from each other. Which line, to, in the table states correctly the change in the total momentum and the total kinetic energy of the two
More informationPhysics GCSE (9-1) Energy
Topic Student Checklist R A G Define a system as an object or group of objects and State examples of changes in the way energy is stored in a system Describe how all the energy changes involved in an energy
More informationPersonalised Learning Checklists AQA Physics Paper 2
6.5.1 Forces and their interactions 6.5.2 Work done and energy transfer AQA TRILOGY Physics (8464) from 2016 Topics T6.5. Forces Topic Student Checklist R A G Identify and describe scalar quantities and
More informationwhere G is called the universal gravitational constant.
UNIT-I BASICS & STATICS OF PARTICLES 1. What are the different laws of mechanics? First law: A body does not change its state of motion unless acted upon by a force or Every object in a state of uniform
More informationEngineering Systems & Investigation. Dynamic Systems Fundamentals
Engineering Systems & Investigation Dynamic Systems Fundamentals Dynamics: Linear Motion Linear Motion Equations s.u.v.a.t s = Displacement. u = Initial Velocity. v = Final Velocity. a = Acceleration.
More informationHVTT 11: Truck Occupant Protection Considerations in Heavy Truck Crashes
TRUCK OCCUPANT PROTECTION CONSIDERATIONS IN HEAVYVEHICLE CRASHES Peter Hart graduated with a PhD in electrical engineering from Monash University in 1990. He is the principal of Hartwood Consulting Pty
More informationSubject: Triple Physics Unit title: P4.5 Forces (Paper 2) Strand Content Checklist (L) R A G Forces and their interactions
4.5.3 Forces and elasticity 4.5.2 Work done and energy transfer 4.5.1 Forces and their interactions Subject: Triple Physics Unit title: P4.5 Forces (Paper 2) Strand Content Checklist (L) R A G 1. Identify
More informationSTUDY OF THE CONSERVATION OF LINEAR MOMENTUM AND THE LOSS OF KINETIC ENERGY IN A COLLISION BETWEEN TWO BUMPER CARS
Fisidabo 2014 Aula Escola Europea Elena Bechtold Genís Guillem César Ramírez STUDY OF THE CONSERVATION OF LINEAR MOMENTUM AND THE LOSS OF KINETIC ENERGY IN A COLLISION BETWEEN TWO BUMPER CARS Figure 1:
More informationComparison of crash tests and simulations for various vehicle restraint systems
Comparison of crash tests and simulations for various vehicle restraint systems C. Goubel ab, E. Di Pasquale c, M. Massenzio a, S. Ronel a a : Université de Lyon, F 69622, Lyon, France ; INRETS, UMR_T946,
More informationTHE REPLACING MATERIAL FOR AXIAL BUSH ON THE PLANETARY REDUCTION GEARS FOR ACTUATORS
6 th INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARIY CONFERENCE THE REPLACING MATERIAL FOR AXIAL BUSH ON THE PLANETARY REDUCTION GEARS FOR ACTUATORS Nasui, Vasile, North University of Baia Mare, Str. Dr. Victor Babes,
More informationVIBRATION ANALYSIS OF E-GLASS FIBRE RESIN MONO LEAF SPRING USED IN LMV
VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF E-GLASS FIBRE RESIN MONO LEAF SPRING USED IN LMV Mohansing R. Pardeshi 1, Dr. (Prof.) P. K. Sharma 2, Prof. Amit Singh 1 M.tech Research Scholar, 2 Guide & Head, 3 Co-guide & Assistant
More informationIMPACT BEHAVIOR OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS USED FOR AUTOMOTIVE INTERIOR PARTS
0 th HSTAM International Congress on Mechanics Chania, Crete, Greece, 5 7 May, 03 IMPACT BEHAVIOR OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS USED FOR AUTOMOTIVE INTERIOR PARTS Mariana D. Stanciu, Ioan Curtu and Ovidiu M.
More informationMomentum and Impulse Practice Multiple Choice
Choose the alternative that best answers the question and record your answer on the Scantron sheet provided 1. A ball of putty is thrown at a wall and sticks to its surface. Which of the following quantities
More informationChapter 15 Kinematics of a Particle: Impulse and Momentum. Lecture Notes for Section 15-2~3
Chapter 15 Kinematics of a Particle: Impulse and Momentum Lecture Notes for Section 15-2~3 PRINCIPLE OF LINEAR IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM AND CONSERVATION OF LINEAR MOMENTUM FOR SYSTEMS OF PARTICLES Today s
More information2007 Problem Topic Comment 1 Kinematics Position-time equation Kinematics 7 2 Kinematics Velocity-time graph Dynamics 6 3 Kinematics Average velocity
2007 Problem Topic Comment 1 Kinematics Position-time equation Kinematics 7 2 Kinematics Velocity-time graph Dynamics 6 3 Kinematics Average velocity Energy 7 4 Kinematics Free fall Collisions 3 5 Dynamics
More informationA NEW SAFETY PHILOSOPHY FOR CWR
Coenraad Esveld Page 1 of 6 A NEW SAFETY PHILOSOPHY FOR CWR Coenraad Esveld Professor of Railway Engineering TU Delft From 1992 to 1997 the ERRI Committee D 202 carried out an extensive study on the behaviour
More informationCh 7 Impulse-Momentum Theorem, Conservation of Momentum, and Collisions
Ch 7 Impulse-Momentum Theorem, Conservation of Momentum, and Collisions Momentum and its relation to force Momentum describes an object s motion. Linear momentum is the product of an object s mass and
More informationME 230 Kinematics and Dynamics
ME 230 Kinematics and Dynamics Wei-Chih Wang Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Washington Lecture 8 Kinetics of a particle: Work and Energy (Chapter 14) - 14.1-14.3 W. Wang 2 Kinetics
More informationExperimental Determination of Chassis Tensions Freight Wagons with High Walls Tensometriei Resistive Method
ANALELE UNIVERSITĂłII EFTIMIE MURGU REŞIłA ANUL XX, NR. 2, 2013, ISSN 1453-7397 Cornel Iacob-Mare, Tiberiu Ştefan Mănescu Experimental Determination of Chassis Tensions Freight Wagons with High Walls Tensometriei
More informationAQA Physics P2 Topic 1. Motion
AQA Physics P2 Topic 1 Motion Distance / Time graphs Horizontal lines mean the object is stationary. Straight sloping lines mean the object is travelling at a constant speed. The steeper the slope, the
More informationEnergy Conservation AP
Energy Conservation AP Manicouagan Reservoir seen from space shuttle; formed almost 1 million years ago when a large meteorite hit Earth Earth did work on meteorite to change its kinetic energy energy
More informationPH105 Exam 1 Solution
PH105 Exam 1 Solution 1. The graph in the figure shows the position of an object as a function of time. The letters A-E represent particular moments of time. At which moment shown (A, B, etc.) is the speed
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
PH105-004 Exam 1 A Name CWID MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) An object starts its motion with a constant velocity of 2.0 m/s toward
More informationTopic Student Checklist R A G
Personalised Learning Checklist AQA TRILOGY Physics (8464) from 2016 Topics T6.1. Energy Topic Student Checklist R A G 6.1.1 Energy changes in a system, and the ways energy is stored before and after such
More information5.5 Exercises for This Chapter Two-Axle Vehicle on Cosine Track Two-Axle Vehicle on Generally Periodic Track...
Contents 1 Introduction... 1 1.1 The Basic Function of the Wheel/rail System.... 1 1.2 Significance of Dynamics on the Operation of Rail Vehicles... 2 1.3 On the History of Research in the Field of Railway
More informationClass XI Physics Syllabus One Paper Three Hours Max Marks: 70
Class XI Physics Syllabus 2013 One Paper Three Hours Max Marks: 70 Class XI Weightage Unit I Physical World & Measurement 03 Unit II Kinematics 10 Unit III Laws of Motion 10 Unit IV Work, Energy & Power
More informationChapter 2: FORCE and MOTION
Chapter 2: FORCE and MOTION Linear Motion Linear motion is the movement of an object along a straight line. Distance The distance traveled by an object is the total length that is traveled by that object.
More informationEN40: Dynamics and Vibrations. Final Examination Wed May : 2pm-5pm
EN40: Dynamics and Vibrations Final Examination Wed May 10 017: pm-5pm School of Engineering Brown University NAME: General Instructions No collaboration of any kind is permitted on this examination. You
More informationSECOND ENGINEER REG. III/2 APPLIED MECHANICS
SECOND ENGINEER REG. III/2 APPLIED MECHANICS LIST OF TOPICS Static s Friction Kinematics Dynamics Machines Strength of Materials Hydrostatics Hydrodynamics A STATICS 1 Solves problems involving forces
More informationHASTINGS HIGH SCHOOL
Subject HASTINGS HIGH SCHOOL YEAR 11 EXAMINATION GUIDE 20167-19 COMBINED SCIENCE TRILOGY Physics Course code AQA GCSE COMBINED SCIENCE TRILOGY 8464 Website address Provisional examination dates http://www.aqa.org.uk/subjects/science/gcse/combined-science-trilogy-
More informationChapter Work, Energy and Power. Q1. The co-efficient of restitution e for a perfectly elastic collision is [1988] (a) 1 (b) 0 (c) (d) 1 Ans: (a)
Chapter Work, Energy and Power Q1. The co-efficient of restitution e for a perfectly elastic collision is [1988] (a) 1 (b) 0 (c) (d) 1 Q2. A bullet of mass 10g leaves a rifle at an initial velocity of
More informationPhysics. Assignment-1(UNITS AND MEASUREMENT)
Assignment-1(UNITS AND MEASUREMENT) 1. Define physical quantity and write steps for measurement. 2. What are fundamental units and derived units? 3. List the seven basic and two supplementary physical
More informationClass 11 Physics NCERT Exemplar Solutions Motion in a Straight Line
Class 11 Physics NCERT Exemplar Solutions Motion in a Straight Line Multiple Choice Questions Single Correct Answer Type Q1. Among the four graphs shown in the figure, there is only one graph for which
More informationSt. Joseph s Anglo-Chinese School
Time allowed:.5 hours Take g = 0 ms - if necessary. St. Joseph s Anglo-Chinese School 008 009 First Term Examination Form 6 ASL Physics Section A (40%) Answer ALL questions in this section. Write your
More informationResearch on Threshold Value of Seismic Urgent Handling System of High-speed Handling Railway System Train of
Research on Threshold Value of Seismic Urgent Handling System of High-speed Handling Railway System Train of Guo Endong 1, Hong Guanglei 2, Meng Yufei 2, Liu Zhi 3, Gao Lin 2 1 Professor, Key Laboratory
More informationContents. Dynamics and control of mechanical systems. Focus on
Dynamics and control of mechanical systems Date Day 1 (01/08) Day 2 (03/08) Day 3 (05/08) Day 4 (07/08) Day 5 (09/08) Day 6 (11/08) Content Review of the basics of mechanics. Kinematics of rigid bodies
More informationComparison between the visco-elastic dampers And Magnetorheological dampers and study the Effect of temperature on the damping properties
Comparison between the visco-elastic dampers And Magnetorheological dampers and study the Effect of temperature on the damping properties A.Q. Bhatti National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST),
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Exam Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The motion of a particle is described in the velocity versus time graph shown in the
More informationPhysics Curriculum Guide for High School SDP Science Teachers
Physics Curriculum Guide for High School SDP Science Teachers Please note: Pennsylvania & Next Generation Science Standards as well as Instructional Resources are found on the SDP Curriculum Engine Prepared
More informationAll moving objects have what Newton called a quantity of motion.
MOMEMTUM MOMENTUM MOMEMTUM MOMENTUM All moving objects have what Newton called a quantity of motion. What is this quantity of motion? Today we call it momentum. Momentum is a characteristic of a moving
More informationStructural Dynamics Lecture 7. Outline of Lecture 7. Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Systems (cont.) System Reduction. Vibration due to Movable Supports.
Outline of Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Systems (cont.) System Reduction. Truncated Modal Expansion with Quasi-Static Correction. Guyan Reduction. Vibration due to Movable Supports. Earthquake Excitations.
More informationNYS STANDARD/KEY IDEA/PERFORMANCE INDICATOR 5.1 a-e. 5.1a Measured quantities can be classified as either vector or scalar.
INDICATOR 5.1 a-e September Unit 1 Units and Scientific Notation SI System of Units Unit Conversion Scientific Notation Significant Figures Graphical Analysis Unit Kinematics Scalar vs. vector Displacement/dis
More informationPhysical Science. Second Semester Review Concepts
Physical Science Second Semester Review Concepts You may make a reminder sheet from the reviews that have been posted on our class web page. You may not type it though, it must be hand written. You must
More informationGCSE PHYSICS REVISION LIST
GCSE PHYSICS REVISION LIST OCR Gateway Physics (J249) from 2016 Topic P1: Matter P1.1 Describe how and why the atomic model has changed over time Describe the structure of the atom and discuss the charges
More informationEvaluation of the Moldboard Structure Resistance of the Grader Equipment
Carmen Debeleac ANALELE UNIVERSITĂłII EFTIMIE MURGU REŞIłA ANUL XX, NR. 2, 2013, ISSN 1453-7397 Evaluation of the Moldboard Structure Resistance of the Grader Equipment In this paper, the author presents
More information1 2 Models, Theories, and Laws 1.5 Distinguish between models, theories, and laws 2.1 State the origin of significant figures in measurement
Textbook Correlation Textbook Correlation Physics 1115/2015 Chapter 1 Introduction, Measurement, Estimating 1.1 Describe thoughts of Aristotle vs. Galileo in describing motion 1 1 Nature of Science 1.2
More informationJournal of Engineering Studies and Research Volume 19 (2013) No. 1 29
Journal of Engineering Studies and Research Volume 19 (2013) No. 1 29 THE BEHAVIOR UNDER LOAD OF THE PORTAL GANTRY CRANES, REFERING TO STRENGTH, STIFFNESS AND STABILITY PART II EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATIONS
More informationChapter 9 Linear Momentum and Collisions
Chapter 9 Linear Momentum and Collisions The Center of Mass The center of mass of a system of particles is the point that moves as though (1) all of the system s mass were concentrated there and (2) all
More informationWork and Energy. 1 Introduction. 2 Equipment. 3 Procedures. 3.1 Conservation of Energy: Spring and Kinetic
Work and Energy Introduction In this lab you will investigate conservation of energy and the concept of work using the airtrack. You will look at the exchange between kinetic and potential energy, and
More informationPHYS 1303 Final Exam Example Questions
PHYS 1303 Final Exam Example Questions (In summer 2014 we have not covered questions 30-35,40,41) 1.Which quantity can be converted from the English system to the metric system by the conversion factor
More informationAQA Physics Checklist
Topic 1. Energy Video: Energy changes in a system To understand the ways in which energy can be stored in a system and can be transferred from one energy store to another within a system To understand
More informationLecture 9: Harmonic Loads (Con t)
Lecture 9: Harmonic Loads (Con t) Reading materials: Sections 3.4, 3.5, 3.6 and 3.7 1. Resonance The dynamic load magnification factor (DLF) The peak dynamic magnification occurs near r=1 for small damping
More informationOptical Method for Micro Force Measurement. Yusaku FUJII Gunma University
Optical Method for Micro Force Measurement Yusaku FUJII Gunma University Small Force (1mN to 1N ) It is difficult to generate and evaluate small force, properly. The causes of the Difficulties in measuring
More informationMotion. Definition a change of position
Potential energy Definition stored energy an object has because of its position Characteristics the higher up an object is, the greater its potential energy Example book sitting on the desk Kinetic energy
More informationHonor Physics Final Exam Review. What is the difference between series, parallel, and combination circuits?
Name Period Date Honor Physics Final Exam Review Circuits You should be able to: Calculate the total (net) resistance of a circuit. Calculate current in individual resistors and the total circuit current.
More informationWORK, POWER AND ENERGY
WORK, POWER AND ENERGY Important Points:. Dot Product: a) Scalar product is defined as the product of the magnitudes of two vectors and the cosine of the angle between them. The dot product of two vectors
More informationMechanics II. Which of the following relations among the forces W, k, N, and F must be true?
Mechanics II 1. By applying a force F on a block, a person pulls a block along a rough surface at constant velocity v (see Figure below; directions, but not necessarily magnitudes, are indicated). Which
More informationMethods for Running Stability Prediction and their Sensitivity to Wheel/Rail Contact Geometry
Methods for Running Stability Prediction and their Sensitivity to Wheel/Rail Contact Geometry Oldrich POLACH and Adrian VETTER Bombardier Transportation Winterthur, Switzerland Contents Motivation Methods
More informationMotion and Forces study Guide
Motion and Forces study Guide Completion Complete each statement. 1. The motion of an object looks different to observers in different. 2. The SI unit for measuring is the meter. 3. The direction and length
More informationAfternoon Section. Physics 1210 Exam 2 November 8, ! v = d! r dt. a avg. = v2. ) T 2! w = m g! f s. = v at v 2 1.
Name Physics 1210 Exam 2 November 8, 2012 Afternoon Section Please write directly on the exam and attach other sheets of work if necessary. Calculators are allowed. No notes or books may be used. Multiple-choice
More information(A) 0 (B) mv (C) 2mv (D) 2mv sin θ (E) 2mv cos θ
Physics 1 Lesson 8 Forces and Momentum Homework Outcomes 1. Define linear momentum. 2. Determine the total linear momentum of a system. 3. Apply the Law of Conservation of Momentum to solve problems. 4.
More informationThe graph shows how an external force applied to an object of mass 2.0 kg varies with time. The object is initially at rest.
T2-2 [195 marks] 1. The graph shows how an external force applied to an object of mass 2.0 kg varies with time. The object is initially at rest. What is the speed of the object after 0.60 s? A. 7.0 ms
More informationName ID Section. 1. One mile is equal to 1609 m; 1 hour is equal to 3600 s. The highway speed limit of 65 mph is equivalent to the speed of:
The exam is closed book and closed notes. There are 30 multiple choice questions. Make sure you put your name, section, and ID number on the SCANTRON form. The answers for the multiple choice Questions
More informationTHE FRONTAL AND REAR PLOUGHS EFFECTS ON 4WD TRACTORS
The 3rd International Conference on Computational Mechanics and Virtual Engineering COMEC 009 9 30 OCTOBER 009, Brasov, Romania THE FRONTAL AND REAR PLOUGHS EFFECTS ON 4WD TRACTORS Carol Csatlos Transilvania
More informationMaterials Needed: Procedure:
How a force causes movement? What is Newton s first law of motion? Newton s first law of motion The ingenious English mathematician and physicist Sir Isaac Newton (164-177) was the first to fully understand
More informationHSC Physics Module 8.4. Moving About
HSC Physics Module 8.4 Moving About 8.4 Moving About (30 indicative hours) Contextual outline Increased access to transport is a feature of today s society. Most people access some form of transport for
More informationScience 20. Unit B: Changes in Motion. Assignment Booklet B2
Science 20 Unit B: Changes in Motion Assignment Booklet B2 FOR TEACHER S USE ONLY Summary Teacher s Comments Chapter 2 Assignment Total Possible Marks 36 Your Mark Science 20 Unit B: Changes in Motion
More informationANALYZE OF CONTACT PRESSURES FOR BRAKING SYSTEM FOR HOISTING MACHINE
5 th INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONFERENCE ANALYZE OF CONTACT PRESSURES FOR BRAKING SYSTEM FOR HOISTING MACHINE Mioriţa UNGUREANU*, Nicolae UNGUREANU*, Sorin MIHAILESCU** *North University of Baia
More informationForce, Energy & Periodic Motion. Preparation for unit test
Force, Energy & Periodic Motion Preparation for unit test Summary of assessment standards (Unit assessment standard only) In the unit test you can expect to be asked at least one question on each sub-skill.
More informationConservation of Momentum. The total momentum of a closed, isolated system does not change.
Conservation of Momentum In the 17 th century, Newton and others had measured the momentum of colliding objects before and after collision, and had discovered a strange phenomenon: the total momentum of
More information23. A force in the negative direction of an x-axis is applied for 27ms to a 0.40kg ball initially moving at 14m/s in the positive direction of the
23. A force in the negative direction of an x-axis is applied for 27ms to a 0.40kg ball initially moving at 14m/s in the positive direction of the axis. The force varies in magnitude, and the impulse has
More informationOCR Physics Specification A - H156/H556
OCR Physics Specification A - H156/H556 Module 3: Forces and Motion You should be able to demonstrate and show your understanding of: 3.1 Motion Displacement, instantaneous speed, average speed, velocity
More informationSMART CART CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM
NAME PERIOD DATE SMART CART CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM Driving Question Objective How is the momentum and kinetic energy of a two-object system affected by a collision? Experimentally demonstrate that linear
More informationα f k θ y N m mg Figure 1 Solution 1: (a) From Newton s 2 nd law: From (1), (2), and (3) Free-body diagram (b) 0 tan 0 then
Question [ Work ]: A constant force, F, is applied to a block of mass m on an inclined plane as shown in Figure. The block is moved with a constant velocity by a distance s. The coefficient of kinetic
More informationIf there is now a constant air resistance force of 35 N, what is the new maximum height the ball attains?
A 1kg ball is launched straight up into the air with an initial speed of 64 m/s. Using only energy considerations, determine the maximum height the ball attains assuming there is no air resistance. If
More information1. The diagram below shows the variation with time t of the velocity v of an object.
1. The diagram below shows the variation with time t of the velocity v of an object. The area between the line of the graph and the time-axis represents A. the average velocity of the object. B. the displacement
More information7.6(B) distinguish between physical and chemical changes in matter in the digestive system; and
7.6(B) distinguish between physical and chemical changes in matter in the digestive system; and 7.7(B) illustrate the transformation of energy within an organism such as the transfer from chemical energy
More informationSample Physics Placement Exam
Sample Physics 130-1 Placement Exam A. Multiple Choice Questions: 1. A cable is used to take construction equipment from the ground to the top of a tall building. During the trip up, when (if ever) is
More informationLesson 25. Static Pile Load Testing, O-cell, and Statnamic. Reference Manual Chapter 18
Lesson 25 Static Pile Load Testing, O-cell, and Statnamic Reference Manual Chapter 18 STATIC LOAD TESTING Most accurate method to determine static pile capacity Perform at design or construction stage
More information1/15/ Copyright 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.
FIGURE 1-1 Gravitational attraction of two masses. f = k m 1m 2 f = the force attracting the two masses r 2 r = radius between centers of mass m 1, m 2 = masses k = universal gravitational constants =
More informationCurriculum Correlation Chart
Curriculum Correlation Chart Forces and Motion analyse the motion of objects in horizontal, vertical, and inclined planes, and predict and explain the motion with reference to the forces acting on the
More informationNONLINEAR APPROACHES REGARDING MECHANICAL AND THERMAL BEHAVIOUR OF VISCO-ELASTIC VIBRATION ISOLATORS
THE ANNALS OF "DUNAREA DE JOS" UNIVERSITY OF GALATI FASCICLE XIV MECHANICHAL ENGINEERING, ISSN 1224-5615 2013 NONLINEAR APPROACHES REGARDING MECHANICAL AND THERMAL BEHAVIOUR OF VISCO-ELASTIC VIBRATION
More informationBallistic pendulum Operating Instructions Fig. 1: Ballistic pendulum SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
R Ballistic pendulum 11229.00 PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG Robert-Bosch-Breite 10 D-37079 Göttingen 6 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.5 Phone +49 (0) 551 604-0 Fax +49 (0) 551 604-107 E-mail info@phywe.de Internet www.phywe.de
More informationHooke's Law: Stress and Strain Revisited *
OpenStax-CNX module: m42240 1 Hooke's Law: Stress and Strain Revisited * OpenStax This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 Abstract Explain
More informationENGINEERING MECHANICS - Question Bank
E Semester-_IST YEAR (CIVIL, MECH, AUTO, CHEM, RUER, PLASTIC, ENV,TT,AERO) ENGINEERING MECHANICS - Question ank All questions carry equal marks(10 marks) Q.1 Define space,time matter and force, scalar
More informationProblem 1: Find the Equation of Motion from the static equilibrium position for the following systems: 1) Assumptions
Problem 1: Find the Equation of Motion from the static equilibrium position for the following systems: 1) Assumptions k 2 Wheels roll without friction k 1 Motion will not cause block to hit the supports
More informationCorrelation between track geometry quality and vehicle reactions in the virtual rolling stock homologation process
Correlation between track geometry quality and vehicle reactions in the virtual rolling stock homologation process K.U. Wolter Deutsche Bahn AG Railway Technology and Services Integrated Systems Rail Voelckerstrasse
More information