Introduction to me, High-Energy Physics and research at Belle

Transcription

1 Introduction to me, High-Energy Physics and research at Belle Jan Schümann Belle Collaboration Tsukuba, Japan

2 Where I come from:

3 Europe

4 Germany

5 Henstedt-Ulzburg... small village of citizens

6 My village... not too much unlike Japan

7 My home

8 About Germany reunited since 1990 (before East and West) now 82.5 Million citizens about 1000 km long and 500 km wide, km 2, billion euro per year GNP Currency: 1 euro = 150 Yen My life: lived with my family went back home for Christmas holiday this year usually go home for summer before

9 Christmas in Germany

10 Christmas and New Year

11 Life in Germany

12 About myself 1997/8 exchange student in Calgary, Canada 2000 graduated in Germany, University of Hamburg, Diplom (master degree) 2000 did research at DESY (Deutsches Elektronen SYnchrotron), an experiment similar to Belle (see later) 2005 made my PhD (Hakushi) at the National Taiwan University (Taiwan) 2006 postdoc at United Taiwan University now postdoc/researcher at Belle, KEK, in the JSPS (Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science) program Future: plan to stay in research, final goal, Professor... be my students ;)

13 University of Hamburg and Physics Dep. Dep. of Physics

14 DESY

15 Belle, Ko-Energy-Kasokuki-Kenkyukiko

16 How I came to study physics always fascinated by the fundamental questions of physics stars and the universe (what we see in the sky and why) relativity (Einstein, Hawking) fundamental forces and laws of physics (the origin of everything we see), Quantum! Grand Unified Theory (GUT)... one theory for everything now there are 2-3 the twin paradox started studying physics in Hamburg more and more interested in the fundamental concepts (Particle Physics and Quantum Mechanics, even Quantum Gravity) continued step after step in physics research, getting more and more specialized now doing research all over the world...

17 About Particle Physics What is a particle and what particles are there? Why are we interested in particles and their behavior? What do we want to discover? What are the most important questions right now? How do we see these particles? How does the work as a particle physicist look like?

18 What is a (fundamental) particle? Democritus (400BC): There are atoms. around 1900, find structure nucleus is made of protons and neutrons protons are made of quarks so far, we think quarks, electrons are fundamental scale: electron a hair, proton 1cm, atom 30 football fields

19 What particles are there? Quarks: building stones Leptons: electrons, muons, tau Neutrinos: invisible particles Three generations = 3 types of quarks BUT: quarks never appear alone Quarks build hadrons (3 quarks) Quarks build mesons (2 quarks)

20 But there is more! some special particles are the carriers of forces for different forces, different particles There are 3 forces and carriers: gravity (Stars, Earth): graviton Weak and Electromagnetic (Electroweak): photons, W and Z Strong: gluons (quarks, protons) Star Trek?

21 Why do we want to know this? humans always want to understand the basic principles of things surrounding them. new knowledge enables new technologies (X-rays, TV (yes, really!), etc.) many fundamental questions still unresolved: Why are we here? Why is there only matter and no antimatter? Why do we have mass? What happened after the Big Bang? Today, no single theory has succeeded to explain the behavior of particles, gravity and electomagnetics together and why things are the way they are. We need at least two: Standard Model (particles) and Relativity (gravity)

22 What do we want, CAN we discover? Basic questions of particle physics: Where does the mass come from? Why is there no antimatter? Which theory can describe our universe? currently, no one needs to diet because we have no mass! we should have had same amount of matter and antimatter at the Big Bang! Grand Unified Theory, Supersymmetry, Supergravity, Sting theory We are limited by the energy we can produce to probe particles and the particle properties. With today s technology, we can already simulate the universe less than a nano-second ( seconds) after the Big Bang... but it s not enough

23 Present research Here in Japan (already working): Try to find out, WHY we only have matter, no antimatter on earth. In Europe (starting this year): What is the particle that generates MASS? Each experiment costs BILLIONS of Euro (US $) requires great effort and planing (dealing with very small, very fast particles) is only possible in BIG collaborations (Japan: ~350 researchers, Europe: ~5000 researchers!) We hope to uncover the answers to these questions... but maybe the world is different from what we expect...

24 How do we see these particles? Fundamental particles are too small too fast to easily observe them 3 km around! interact too fast don t exist in the form we need build BIG machines: QuickTime and a GIF decompressor are needed to see this picture. accelerators to create the energy and particles detectors to make the particles visible

25 Detecting particles requires different technology for different particles too see (nearly) everything, build multi-layer detector Parts to see: Aerogel, SVD ladder, Electronics

26 Things to touch: Aerogel: used to identify particles some particles are faster than light in this aerogel! (Don t worry, it is OK with Einstein). SVD (Silicon Vertex Detector): very expensive detector used to find, where the particle came from Part of Electronics: we have to develop and make MANY such things

27 So what do we do? a lot of electronics work: building, maintaining and upgrading the detector and accelerator constant work required on ALL detector parts a lot of computer work: saving, analyzing simulating and storing HUGE amounts of data LOTS of computers ONLY to save the data! a lot of programming: finding the particles we want out of a amount of data (needle in a haystack) HUGE saved nearly 3 billion events sometimes looking for only a few events

28 My work and how the results look like: installing faster data transfer modules to the experiment searching for specific particle decays write programs use a computer farm to run carefully choose my events

29 Worldwide research! research in a very international community main language: ENGLISH many international conferences: Korea, Italy, Moscow, Hawaii, etc. thanks to physics, I now speak: German English Chinese soon also Japanese

30 How is this research important to us? Many new technologies are side-products of top-end science (X-ray, WWW) The understanding of the fundamental forces, properties, theories may allow new discoveries Research communities contribute to the society: making it more international generating a lot of local business bring science closer to people around My research is fundamental, so NO immediate benefit Multinational research -> not national interests, but global gain of knowledge!

31 And so: Science is becoming more and more international It is impossible to do top-end research without english! Science offers more than just a job! If you want to see the world, become a flight attendent, tourist guide or scientist! English should not discourage you, you will learn as you advance in your studies! You get to make friends ALL over the world. In many countries, I can call a friend if I go there (for a conference?) now. Science is FUN!