seasonal variations of atmospheric leptons as a probe for charm production

Transcription

1 seasonal variations of atmospheric leptons as a probe for charm production WIPAC & Department of Astronomy University of Wisconsin - Madison <desiati@wipac.wisc.edu> ISVHECRI 2014 CERN - August 20, 2014 Tom Gaisser Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Delaware 1

2 outline particle production in extensive air showers heavy quark production and window to astrophysical signal correlation with Earth s atmospheric temperature probing heavy quark component with seasonal variations 2

3 particle production in the atmosphere Gaisser, Stanev, Tilav, arxiv: direct observations indirect observations 3

4 particle production in the atmosphere hadronic interactions CR showers dominated by soft component with small pt (non-perturbative QCD) hard component with high pt with heavy quarks (pqcd) phenomenological descriptions of hadronic interactions with minijet production for hard component models to describe soft/hard interactions in forward region & extrapolated to high energy interaction models from accelerators, extrapolated to forward region at high energy 4

5 particle production in the atmosphere Pierog, Engel forward forward Ahn et al., ICRC

6 particle production in the atmosphere atmospheric leptons ZNi (Z NN = Z pp + Z pn ) i = kt Mg m i c 2 c i i =, K, charm,... meson s characteristic energy 6

7 heavy quark production and astrophysics LHC data show agreement of observations within FONLL (wide range of η) - pqcd intrinsic charm production: asymmetry in baryon production (SELEX 2002) c c of order 1% compared to associated production inclusive D-meson spectrum dominated by intrinsic charm at high pseudo-rapidity & pt (Lykasov+ Bednyakov+ 2013) non-perturbative QCD 7

8 heavy quark production and astrophysics effect of charm production models effect of primary cosmic ray spectrum intrinsic charm pqcd pqcd Gaisser, arxiv: Sibyll Fedynitch

9 heavy quark production and astrophysics observed through-going up-ward observed starting all-direction all-flavor charm contribution 90% CL IceCube Preliminary Aartsen et al. Phys.Rev. D89 (2014) Aartsen et al. Science 342 (2013) Aartsen et al. arxiv: can neutrino telescopes measure neutrinos from charm? astrophysical neutrinos? 9

10 temperature seasonal variations Tilav et al., ICRC 2009 PD et al., ICRC 2011 IceCube Preliminary µ µ multiplicity - ICRC 2013 ICRC 2013 νµ 10

11 temperature seasonal variations muon production spectrum P µ (E i,,x) temperature data from NASA AIRS instrument on board the Aqua satellite effective temperature T eff (E i, )= R dei R dx (Ei, ) P µ (E i,,x) T (, X) R dei R dx (Ei, ) P µ (E i,,x) temperature dependency of atmosphere density meson critical energy 11

12 temperature seasonal variations temperature coefficient temperature data from NASA AIRS instrument on board the Aqua satellite T ( ) = dei i (E i, ) (E i, ) R dei i (E i, ) (E i, ) th (E i, )= Z 1 0 P µ (E i, ) dx temperature correlation of lepton intensity I i hi i i = th T T eff ht eff i vs. R i hr i i = exp T T eff ht eff i µ,exp T = ± 0.002(stat.) ± 0.010(syst.) PD et al., ICRC

13 temperature seasonal variations K/π ratio K/p ratio ICRC, Beijing exp T th T NA49 (Pb+Pb) E735 (p+p) + STAR (Au+Au, K /p + ) - - STAR (Au+Au, K /p ) MINOS (p+a ) atm IceCube Preliminary (p+a s (GeV) ) atm 13

14 temperature seasonal variations charm component PD, Gaisser 2010 charm contribution from RQPM model (Bugaev et al. 1998) temperature correlation increases as meson interaction probability increases with energy measurable effect as relative importance of prompt component increases 14

15 temperature seasonal variations charm component PD, Gaisser 2010 IC

16 temperature seasonal variations charm component PD, Gaisser 2010 muon multiplicity modifies temperature correlation (ICRC 2013) need to evaluate the energy of individual muons in the bundle single muons µ/day µ/day T th decreases 10-30% for Eµ > 100 TeV 10 years of HE muon data 16

17 temperature seasonal variations charm component PD, Gaisser ν/day 2-3 ν/day T th decreases 20% for Eν > 30 TeV long time to accumulate enough statistics astrophysical neutrinos do not correlate with atmospheric temperature neutrinos produced in larger portion of Earth s atmosphere small event statistics IC40 2 IC86 ~ 4.8 IC

18 conclusions single / low multiplicity muons useful tool to probe charm production in the atmosphere in association to lower stratospheric temperature variations in Antarctica measuring laterally separated high energy (Soldin s talk) measuring spectrum of single/low multiplicity (horizontal) muons hadronic models for heavy quark production & µ/ν correlation charm production described with pqcd: intrinsic charm & forward physics 18

19 backup slides

20 particle production in the atmosphere atmospheric leptons interaction models cosmic ray composition experimental uncertainties observed through-going Fedynitch, Becker Tjus, PD

21 heavy quark production and astrophysics observed starting all-direction all-flavor Aartsen et al. Science 342 (2013) Aartsen et al. arxiv: can neutrino telescope measure neutrinos from charm? astrophysical neutrinos? 21

22 heavy quark production and astrophysics effect of charm production models effect of primary cosmic ray spectrum Gaisser 2012 intrinsic charm pqcd Gaisser, arxiv:

23 heavy quark production and astrophysics transverse momentum pt vs pseudo-rapidity forward forward data in available range of η agrees with models extrapolation to full phase space (FONLL) 23

24 heavy quark production and astrophysics due to large quark mass, perturbative QCD can be used (hard component). However significant charm production observed at s = 20 GeV asymmetry in charm / anti-charm baryons (Selex Coll. 2002) intrinsic production : the c-pair produced in projectile fragmentation can recombine with valence quarks and with sea-quarks to produce charmed hadrons. ~ order (~1%) compared to inclusive D-meson spectrum dominated by intrinsic charm at high pseudo-rapidity & pt Lykasov steep cosmic ray spectrum might enhance the effect of intrinsic production of charm 24

25 temperature seasonal variations MACRO Ambrosio et al

26 temperature seasonal variations AMANDA Bouchta et al

27 temperature seasonal variations AMANDA Wissing, 2004 sudden stratospheric warming Tilav et al., ICRC

28 temperature seasonal variations LVD Selvi et al Agafanova et al

29 temperature seasonal variations MINOS de Jong, Grashorn et al Adamson et al

30 temperature seasonal variations Borexino Adamson et al

31 temperature seasonal variations IC-59 IC-86 IC-79 Year μ rate (SMT8) CR shower rate (STA3) Hz 13 Hz IC-1 IC Hz 15 Hz Hz 25 Hz Hz 30 Hz IC-9 IC Hz 35 Hz SMT8 only IC22 IC40 IC59 IC79 IC86_1 IC86_2 Takao Kuwabara - UDel 31

32 temperature seasonal variations effective temperature Tilav et al., ICRC 2009 PD et al., ICRC 2011 PD et al., ICRC 2013 seasonal variations decrease with prompt component temperature coefficient PD & Gaisser,

33 History Cornell MACRO P.H. Barret et al., Refs. Mod. Phys (1952) M. Ambrosio et al., Astropart. Phys (1997) AMANDA A. Bouchta, Proc. 26 th ICRC (1999) LVD M. Selvi, Proc. 31 st ICRC (2009) IceCube S. Tilav et al., Proc 31 st ICRC (2009) MINOS P. Adamson et al., Phys. Rev. D (2010) LVD Borexino N.Y. Agafonova et al., Bull. Rus. Acad. Sci. Phys (2011) G. Bellini et al., arxiv:

34 temperature seasonal variations spectrum weighted moment of the cross section for a nucleon N to produce a secondary meson from a target nucleus in the atmosphere critical energy regulates competition between meson interaction & decay Muon Flux 34

35 temperature seasonal variations charm component PD, Gaisser 2010 Fedynitch, Becker Tjus, PD

36 temperature seasonal variations charm component PD, Gaisser 2010 IC