STUDY OF SIMULATED RAINFALL NOISE ON MULTI-LAYERED SYSTEM
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1 STUDY OF SIMULATED RAINFALL NOISE ON MULTI-LAYERED SYSTEM C. Guigou-Carter M. Villot C.S.T.B. Center for Building Science and Technology 24 Rue Joseph Fourier 38 St Martin d Hères, France
2 Introduction Laboratory set-up for artificial rainfall noise measurement ( wet method) has been implemented by CSTB Analytical tools have to be developed in order to improve design ISO draft standard for measurement of sound generated by rainfall on building elements using artificial raindrop (ISO/CD 1-18 prepared by ISO/TC 43/SC 2/WG 18 in November 2 ) has been submitted for comments CSTB has agreed to prepare a proposal for ISO
3 Generating Artificial Rainfall - The CSTB Rainbox 9x7 Grid 63 holes with ø 1mm Re-inforcing Structure 1.1 m Filled permanently with 1 cm of water Positioned 2.6 m above tested element
4 CSTB Rainbox Characteristics CSTB Artificial Rainfall Box Height Rainfall Rate Drop Diameter D / D median Fall Velocity 1.5 m mm/h 4.92 / 4.8 mm 7. m/s 2. m mm/h 4.92 / 4.8 mm 6.64 m/s Heavy Artificial Rainfall defined in ISO Draft Standard Rainfall Type Rainfall rate Drop diameter Fall velocity Heavy mm/h 5 mm 7 m/s
5 Li (db) Results for Simple Structures (1.1x1.4 m 2 ) Li (db) Single Glazing (4 mm thick) 7 Steel Plate (.75 mm thick) Measured SEA Predicted Measured SEA Predicted + 6dB SEA Predicted 2 2 SEA Predicted + 6dB db difference between SEA predicted and measured results Measurement of rainfall characteristics (terminal velocity) Impact type : more elastic than plastic (since drops rebound) Niche effect
6 Drop Percentage (%) Drop Percentage (%) CSTB Rainbox Characteristics Rainbox m Rainbox - 2. m Drop Velocity (m/s) Drop Diameter (mm)
7 Spectrum (db) 63 Rainfall Excitation Spectrum Terminal velocity 7 m/s - Diameter 5 mm - Terminal velocity 8 m/s - Diameter 5 mm - Terminal velocity 9 m/s - Diameter 5 mm Terminal velocity measured for 2m high
8 Acoustic Prediction for Multi-layered Systems - CASC Multi-layered Structure Layer combination of different types solid, fluid, or porous, with or without contact between each other Model based on transfer matrix approach Layers of finite thickness but infinite size Deficiency in sound radiation at low frequencies
9 Double Glazing 4/1/6 Radiated Power (db) Wavenumber Velocity Spectrum Sound Radiation Resonance Frequency Critical Frequency 2 1 CASC Modal Model Free bending wave in pane 2
10 Radiated Power (db) 63 8 Double Glazing 4/1/ CASC Modal Model SEA - Equivalent single layer Radiation from free bending wave in pane 2 CASC + Radiation from free bending wave in pane 2 2 1
11 Measurements for Double Glazing 4/16/4 Li (db) Double Glazing 4/16/4 mm 2 Measured CASC Predicted 1 CASC predicted +6dB SEA Predicted (equivalent single layer) +6dB System surface : 1.41x1.15 m 2 Mounting slope : 5 Rainfall excitation centered
12 Measurements Mounting Slope Effect Li (db) Measurements - Mounting Slope Effect 2 Mounting Slope 5 Mounting Slope 15 Double glazing 4/16/4 Mounting slope : 5 or 15 Rainfall excitation centered 1
13 Measurements for Roofing System Li (db) Aluminum (.72 mm) Critical Frequency Resonance Frequency Measurement Polystyrene ( mm) CASC Prediction +6dB Radiation from free bending wave System surface : 1.18x1.8 m 2 Mounting slope : 5 Rainfall excitation centered 2 CASC + Radiation from free bending wave +6dB
14 Improvement of Roofing System Li (db) Aluminum (.72 mm) 7 Polystyrene ( mm) Heavy Layer (2 mm 4 kg/m 2 ) Measurement CASC Prediction (5.5 kg/m2) +6dB CASC Prediction with Heavy Layer (9.5 kg/m2) +6dB 2
15 Concluding Comments Analytical tools are being developed Discrepancy of 6 db between predicted and measured results Measurement of rainfall characteristics (terminal velocity) Impact type : more elastic than plastic (since drops rebound) Niche effect Important physical mechanisms are well modeled Tools are available for design improvement with respect to rainfall More laboratory measurements are underway Influence of mounting slope Influence of the excitation location (frame excitation) Influence of terminal velocity (variation of rainbox height)
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