Use properties of exponents. Use the properties of rational exponents to simplify the expression. 12 d.

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1 EXAMPLE 1 Use properties of exponents Use the properties of rational exponents to simplify the expression. a. 7 1/ 7 1/2 7 (1/ + 1/2) 7 / b. (6 1/2 1/ ) 2 (6 1/2 ) 2 ( 1/ ) 2 6( 1/2 2 ) ( 1/ 2 ) 6 1 2/ 6 2/ c. ( ) 1/ [( ) ] 1/ 12 [ ( 1/)] (12 ) 1/ d. 1 (1 1/) 2/ 1/ 1/ 2 e. 1/ 2 1/ 2 2 (7 1/ ) 2 7( 1/ 2 ) 7 2/ 6 1/ 6

2 EXAMPLE 2 Apply properties of exponents Biology A mammal s surface area S (in square centimeters) can be approximated by the model S km 2/ where m is the mass (in grams) of the mammal and k is a constant. The values of k for some mammals are shown below. Approximate the surface area of a rabbit that has a mass of. kilograms (. 10 grams).

3 EXAMPLE 2 SOLUTION Apply properties of exponents S km 2/ Write model. 9.7(. 10 ) 2/ Substitute 9.7 for k and. 10 for m. 9.7(.) 2/ (10 ) 2/ Power of a product property. 9.7(2.26)(10 2 ) Power of a product property Simplify. ANSWER The rabbit s surface area is about 2200 square centimeters.

4 GUIDED PRACTICE for Examples 1 and 2 Use the properties of rational exponents to simplify the expression. 1. ( 1/ 7 1/ ) ( 1/ ) (7 1/ ) 2. 2 / 2 1/2. 2 (/ + 1/2) 2 / (1 1/) 1 / 1/ 1/ 1/ 7 1/ 1 7 / 7 /. 20 1/2 1/2 20 1/2 ( 1/2 ) (2 2 ) /2 8

5 GUIDED PRACTICE for Examples 1 and 2 Biology. Use the information in Example 2 to approximate the surface area of a sheep that has a mass of 9 kilograms (9. 10 grams). SOLUTION S km 2/ Write model. 9.7(9. 10 ) 2/ Substitute 9.7 for k and for m. 9.7(9.) 2/ (10 ) 2/ Power of a product property.

6 GUIDED PRACTICE for Examples 1 and 2 9.7(9) 10/ Power of a product property. 17,00 Simplify. ANSWER The Sheep s surface area is about 2200 square centimeters.

7 EXAMPLE Use properties of radicals Use the properties of radicals to simplify the expression. a Product property b Quotient property

8 EXAMPLE Write radicals in simplest form Write the expression in simplest form. a Factor out perfect cube. 27 Product property Simplify.

9 EXAMPLE Write radicals in simplest form b Simplify. 2 Make denominator a perfect fifth power. Product property

10 EXAMPLE Add and subtract like radicals and roots Simplify the expression. a (1 + 7) b. 2 (8 1/ ) + 10 (8 1/ ) (2 +10) (8 1/ ) 12 (8 1/ ) c ( 1) 2 2 2

11 GUIDED PRACTICE for Examples,, and Simplify the expression SOLUTION Product property

12 GUIDED PRACTICE for Examples,, and SOLUTION Factor out numerator to perfect cube. 2 2 Product property Simplify.

13 GUIDED PRACTICE for Examples,, and 8. SOLUTION Simplify Make denominator a perfect fifth power. Product property

14 GUIDED PRACTICE for Examples,, and SOLUTION (1+ 2)

15 EXAMPLE 6 Simplify expressions involving variables Simplify the expression. Assume all variables are positive. a. 6y 6 (y 2 ) (y 2 ) y 2 b. (27p q 12 ) 1/ 27 1/ (p ) 1/ (q 12 ) 1/ p ( 1/) q (12 1/) pq c. m n 8 m n 8 m m (n 2 ) n 2 d. 1xy 1/ 2x / z 6 7x (1 /) y 1/ z ( 6) 7x 1/ y 1/ z 6

16 EXAMPLE 7 Write variable expressions in simplest form Write the expression in simplest form. Assume all variables are positive. a. a 8 b 1 c a a b 10 b c a b 10 c a b Factor out perfect fifth powers. Product property ab 2 c a b Simplify. b. x y 8 x y 8 y y Make denominator a perfect cube. x y y 9 Simplify.

17 EXAMPLE 7 Write variable expressions in simplest form x y y 9 x y y Quotient property Simplify.

18 EXAMPLE 8 Add and subtract expressions involving variables Perform the indicated operation. Assume all variables are positive. a. 1 w + w 1 + w w b. xy 1/ 8xy 1/ ( 8) xy 1/ xy 1/ c. 12 2z z z 2 12z 2z 2 z 2z 2 (12z z) 2z 2 9z 2z 2

19 GUIDED PRACTICE for Examples 6, 7, and 8 Simplify the expression. Assume all variables are positive q 9 SOLUTION 27q 9 (q ) (q ) q 11. x 10 y SOLUTION x 10 y x 10 y (x 2 ) x2 y y

20 GUIDED PRACTICE for Examples 6, 7, and xy / x 1/2 y 1/2 SOLUTION 6xy / x 1/2 y 1/2 2x (1 1/2) y (/ 1/2) 2x 1/2 y 1/ 1. 9w w w SOLUTION 9w w w 2 w 2 w 2 w w w 2 w w 2 w w 2 w 2w 2 w

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