Symmetry computation and reduction of a wave model in dimensions
|
|
- Emery West
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Nonlinear Dyn 017) 87:13 3 DOI /s ORIGINAL PAPER Symmetry computation and reduction of a wave model in 1 dimensions P. G. Estévez J. D. Lejarreta C. Sardón Received: 6 January 016 / Accepted: 30 July 016 / Published online: 1 August 016 Springer ScienceBusiness Media Dordrecht 016 Abstract We present the iterative classical point symmetry analysis of a shallow water wave equation in 1 dimensions and that of its corresponding nonisospectral, two-component Lax pair. A few reductions arise and are identified with celebrate equations in the Physics and Mathematics literature of nonlinear waves. We pay particular attention to the isospectral or nonisospectral nature of the reduced spectral problems. Keywords Lie symmetries Reduction Nonlinear Soliton KdV equation Painlevé test 1 Introduction Invariance of a differential equation under a group of transformations is synonymous of existence of symmetry and, consequently, of conserved quantities 5]. Such invariance helps us to achieve partial or complete integration of the equation. P. G. Estévez C. Sardón B) Department of Fundamental Physics, Universidad de Salamanca, Plz de la Merced s/n, Salamanca, Spain cristinasardon@usal.es P. G. Estévez pilar@usal.es J. D. Lejarreta Department of Applied Physics, Universidad de Salamanca, Plz de la Merced s/n, Salamanca, Spain leja@usal.es A conserved quantity for a first-order differential equation can lead to its integration by quadrature, whilst for higher-order ones, it leads to a reduction of their order 8,31]. Many of the existing solutions to physical phenomena described by differential equations have been obtained through symmetry arguments 8,9,31]. Nevertheless, finding conserved quantities is a nontrivial task. The most famous and established method for finding point symmetries is the classical Lie symmetry method CLS) developed by Lie in ,8,31]. Although the CLS represents a very powerful tool, it yields cumbersome calculations to be solved by hand. Notwithstanding, the increased number of available software packages for symbolic calculus has made of generalizations of the CLS analysis very tractable approaches to find conservation laws, explicit solutions, etc. If we impose that symmetries leave certain submanifold invariant, we find the class of conditional symmetries or the so-called nonclassical symmetry method NSM) introduced by Bluman and Cole 4] and later applied by many authors 3,9,15,6,7]. A remarkable difference between the CLS and NSM is that the latter provides us with no longer linear systems of differential equations from which to obtain the symmetries 5,36,37]. In this paper, we aim to perform the CLS on the socalled Bogoyavlenskii Kadomtsev Petviashvili equation denoted as 1)-BKP equation, henceforth] which takes the form 13,14]
2 14 P. G. Estévez et al. ) uxt u xxxy 8u x u xy 4u xx u y x σ u yyy = 0, σ =±1. 1) This equation is a model for evolutionary shallow water waves represented by the scalar field ux, y, t) as the height of the wave. In 38], it was proved that this equation is a reduction of the well-known 3 1)- Kadomtsev Petviashvili equation for the description of wave motion 1,18]. Notice that the 1)-BKP equation is also a modified version of the Calogero Bogoyanlevski Schiff equation 6,7,30]. Equation 1) is integrable according to the Painleve property PP) and admits a Lax pair 14]. Results on solutions of solitonic nature for 1) were pursued through the singular manifold method 14,16,34,35]. In particular, lump solitons, or solutions which decay polynomially in all directions, were found. The interest of lump solutions roots in their nontrivial dynamics and interactions 13,17,4]. In particular, we focus on the study of its corresponding Lax pair in 1 dimensions 13]. It is a complex, two-component linear problem 14] ψ xx = iψ y u x ψ, ψ t = iψ yy 4u y ψ x u xy iω y )ψ ) and its complex conjugate χ xx = iχ y u x χ, χ t = iχ yy 4u y χ x u xy iω y )χ 3) with ψx, y, t) and χx, y, t) being the eigenfunctions. The compatibility condition of the cross-derivatives ψ xxt = ψ txx )in) retrieves 1) in the form. u xt u xxxy 8u x u xy 4u xx u y = ω yy, u yy = ω xy 4) where we have introduced the auxiliary scalar field ωx, y, t). We restrict ourselves to the case σ = 1. Results for σ = 1 can be obtained by considering that if ux, y, t) is a solution for σ = 1, then ux, iy, it) is a solution for σ = 1. The compatibility condition for χ xxt = χ txx )in3) yields 4) too. Notice that the spectral parameter is not present in the Lax pair. This does not necessarily imply that it is an isospectral Lax pair. Indeed, there exists a gauge transformation which allows us to express the nonisospectral spectral linear problem as a spectral parameter-free linear problem. The converse is possible by introducing λ orspectral parameter, conveniently. The importance of reduced spectral problems and reduced spectral parameters resides in the fact that in 1 1 dimensions, it is not usual to find nonisospectral versions. The nonisospectrality of 1 1-dimensional Lax pairs gives rise to some inconveniency, since the inverse scattering transform IST) 1,] can no longer be worked upon them, for example. If the IST cannot be used, the possibilities of solving the nonlinear equation through an associated spectral problem are diminished. On the other hand, many of the Lax pairs found in 1 dimensions are nonisospectral 15,16]. For this matter, we pay closer attention at the reductions of the associated spectral problem. In this way, we stress out the importance of finding isospectral Lax pairs in 1 1 dimensions and the surprising nature of nonisospectral ones. In Sect., we introduce the CLS for partial differential equations PDEs) and apply it to the spectral problem ) and its corresponding compatibility condition 4). In Sect. 3, we will obtain a classification of its possible reductions to 11 dimensions of the equation and the Lax pair, depending on different values of the arbitrary functions appearing in the obtained symmetries. We will identify six interesting reductions. Two of them will be nontrivial. One of such nontrivial reduction corresponds with the celebrated Korteweg de Vries equation KdV equation) 10,19,3]. The second reduction found will be submitted to a second CLS calculation. So, Sect. 4 shall be devoted to the classical symmetry computation of the aforementioned second nontrivial reduction in 1 1 dimensions. A list of four reductions to ODEs will be displayed, considering different values for the constants of integration appearing in the symmetry computation. To conclude, we shall enclose a summary of the most relevant results found throughout the iterative symmetry search and reduction procedure. The classical symmetry approach A priori, we propose the most general Lie point symmetry transformation in which the coefficients of the infinitesimal generator can depend on any dependent or independent variable
3 Symmetry computation and reduction of a wave model 15 x x ɛξ 1 x, y, t, u,ω) Oɛ ), y y ɛξ x, y, t, u,ω) Oɛ ), t t ɛξ 3 x, y, t, u,ω) Oɛ ), u u ɛη u x, y, t, u,ω) Oɛ ), ω ω ɛη ω x, y, t, u,ω) Oɛ ). 5) If we search for general Lie point transformation of the Lax pair too, the spectral functions must be transformed accordingly with ψ ψ ɛη ψ x, y, t, u,ω,ψ,χ) Oɛ ), χ χ ɛη χ x, y, t, u,ω,ψ,χ) Oɛ ). 6) Associated with this transformation, there exists an infinitesimal generator X = ξ 1 x ξ y ξ 3 t η u u η ω ω η ψ ψ η χ χ, 7) where the subscripts in η p have been added accordingtothefield p to which each η is associated. This transformation must leave ), 3) and 4), invariant. From now, since Eqs. ) and 3) are equivalent, we shall exclude 3) from our calculus as a matter of simplification. Our results obtained for ψ can be similarly extrapolated for χ. To proceed with CLS, we follow the next steps 1. Introduce the infinitesimal transformation 5) and its further derivatives in Eqs. ) and 4).. Select the linear terms in ɛ and set them equal to zero. The zero order in ɛ retrieves the original equations. 3. Substitute the values of ψ xx,ψ t, u xt, u y from ) and 4), correspondingly. Higher-order derivatives in these terms must be introduced according to these expressions. 4. From the steps above, we obtain an overdetermined system of differential equations for ξ 1,ξ,ξ 3,η u, η ω,η ψ by setting equal to zero terms in different orders of the derivatives of the fields, if we pursue Lie point symmetries. Steps 1 5 are nontrivial, leading to cumbersome equations which have been manipulated with a symbolic calculus package. In our case, we make use of MAPLE c. We extend transformation 5) to first-, second- and higher-order derivatives appearing in Eq. 4), u x u x ɛη u x] Oɛ ), u y u y ɛη u y] Oɛ ), ω x ω x ɛη ω x] Oɛ ), ω y ω y ɛη ω y] Oɛ ), u xx u xx ɛη u xx] Oɛ ), u xy u xy ɛη u xy] Oɛ ), u xt u xt ɛη u xt] Oɛ ), ω yy ω yy ɛη ω yy] Oɛ ), u xxxy u xxxy ɛη u xxxy] Oɛ ). 8) And derivatives appearing in the Lax pair ) ψ x ψ x ɛη x] ψ Oɛ ), ψ y ψ y ɛη y] ψ Oɛ ), ψ t ψ t ɛη t] ψ Oɛ ), ψ xx ψ xx ɛη xx] ψ Oɛ ), ψ yy ψ yy ɛη yy] ψ Oɛ ). 9) η xy] u u u u, η u xt], and for the Lax The prolongations needed for Eq. 4)areη u xxxy], η xx], η ω yy], η x], η y], η ω x], η ω y] pair ), the prolongations are η yy] ψ, ηxx] ψ, ηt] ψ, ηy] η x]. These prolongations can be calculated according ψ ψ, to the Lie method explained in textbooks 31]. From the original equations, we make use of ω yy = u xt u xxxy 8u x u xy 4u xx u y, u yy = ω xy, 10) and the original the Lax pair ψ xx = iψ y u x ψ, ψ t = iψ yy 4u y ψ x u xy iω y )ψ. 11) Also, their further derivatives must be computed using the given expressions. Introducing such relations we arrive at the classical Lie symmetries ξ 1 = Ȧ3t) x A 1 t), 4 ξ = Ȧ3t) y A t), ξ 3 = A 3 t),
4 16 P. G. Estévez et al. Table 1 Reductions for 1-BKP Case I: A 3 t) = 0 Case II: A 3 t) = 0 1. A 1 t) = 0 A t) = 0 1. A 1 t) = 0 A t) = 0. A 1 t) = 0 A t) = 0. A 1 t) = 0 A t) = 0 3. A 1 t) = 0 A t) = 0 3. A 1 t) = 0 A t) = 0 η u = Ȧ3t) u Ȧt) 4 8 A 1 t)y B 1 t), 4 η ω = Ȧ3t) w Ȧ1t) 4 A B 3 t)y t) 16 y,... A3t) η ψ = A x 3 t) 16 xy A x 3 t) 3 x 96 y3 B t), λ Ȧ3t) Ȧ t) i y 8 4 Ä3t) 16 y B 3 t)dt )] ψ. 1) These symmetries depend on a constant λ and six arbitrary functions of time, A 1 t), A t), A 3 t) and B 1 t), B t), B 3 t), which shall serve us as a way to classify the possible reductions. Indeed, we have the possible reductions attending to Table 1). 3 Reduction to 1 1 dimensions To reduce the problem, we have to solve the Lagrange- Charpit system by the method of characteristics, that is integration of the characteristic system 8,31] dx ξ 1 = dy ξ = dt ξ 3 = du η u = dω η ω = dψ η ψ. 13) We shall use the next notation for the reduced variables x, y, t x 1, x 14) and for the reduced fields ωx, y, t) x 1, x ), ux, y, t) Ux 1, x ), ψx, y, t) x 1, x ). 15) As a matter of simplification, we shall drop the dependency on x 1, x ) of certain fields in the forthcoming expressions. Case I.1. A 3 t) = 0, A 1 = 0, A = 0 x x 1 = A 3 t) 1/4 y x = A 3 t) 1/ A 1 t) dt, A 3 t) 5/4 A t) dt. A 3 t) 3/ ux, y, t) = Ux 1, x ) F 1 t)dt A 3 t) 1/4 Ȧ3t)xy A t)x 4A 1 t)y, 16A 3 t) ωx, y, t) = x 1, x ) F t)dt A 3 t) 1/ A 3t)Ä 3 t) Ȧ 3 t) 19A 3 t) y 3 A 3t)Ȧ t) A t)ȧ 3 t) 3A 3 t) y B3 t)dt A t) ) A 3 t) 16A 3 t) y Ȧ3t) 3A 3 t) x A 1t) 4A 3 t) x, where we have used the definitions F 1 t) = B 1t) A 3 t) 3/4 3A 1t)A t) 8A 3 t) 7/4, F t) = B t) A 3 t) 1/ A t) B3 t)dt A 3 t) 3/ A t) 3 16A 3 t) 5/ A 1t) 4A 3 t) 3/. U x x x1 x = 0, x x = U x1 x 1 x 1 x 8U x1 x U x1 4U x1 x 1 U x. 16) These two equations can be summarized as ) U x x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 4 U x1 U x ) x1 U x1 U x1 x U x x x x = 0, 1 17)
5 Symmetry computation and reduction of a wave model 17 which appears in 3,33] and has multiple soliton solutions 39]. Reduced eigenfunction ψx, y, t) = x 1, x ) A 3 t) 1/8 Ȧ3 t)y ) 4A t)y exp i 16A 3 t) ] i F 3 t)dt. where F 3 t) = B 3 t)dt A 3 t) iλ A 3 t) A t) 4A 3 t). x1 x 1 i x U x1 = 0, i x x U x x1 U x1 x i x λ ) = 0. 18) Notice that λ plays the role of the spectral parameter in 1 1 dimensions. Cases I.. and I.3. will be omitted for being equivalent to I.1. Case II.1. A 3 t) = 0, A 1 t) = 0, A t) = 0 x 1 = A t)x A 1 t)y A t) 3/ A 1 t) x = dt A t) 5/ F 1 t)dt ) Ux 1, x ) B3 t)dt A 1t) 8A t) x 1 ux, y, t) = A t) B1 t) A t) Ȧt) ) 8A t) x y Ȧ1t) A t) A ) 1t)Ȧ t) y A t) 16 wx, y, t) = A 1 t) x 1, x ) A t) 3/ Ät) 48A t) y3 Ȧt) 16 x 1 with 4 B 3t) A t) A ) 1t)Ȧ 1 t) y A t) 8 B t) A t) y Ȧ1t) 4A t) xy F 1 t) = 5 A 1 t) 3 A t) 7/ 4 B 1t) A t) 3/ 1 A 1t) A t) 5/ B 3 t)dt U x1 x 1 x1 x 1 = 0 x1 = U x1 Gx ) U x1 x 1 x 1 x 1 1U x1 x 1 U x1 U x1 x = 0. where Gx ) is an arbitary function of x.the above system can be equivalently rewritten as U x1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 1U x 1 x 1 1U x1 U x1 x 1 x 1 U x1 x 1 x = 0. 19) This reduced equation corresponds with the potential KdV equation in 1 1 dimensions 11]. Therefore, we can conclude that the 1)-BKP equation is a generalization of the potential KdV equation to 1 dimensions. Reduced Eigenfunction x, y, t) = x 1, x ) A t) 1/4 )] A1 t) exp i A t) 1/ x 1 F t)dt Ȧ t) B3 t)dt iλ ) )] exp i 8A t) y y A t) where F t) = B t) A t) A 1t) 4 A t) 4 A 1t) A t) 3 Gx t)) 4iλ) Ȧ1t) B3 t)dt iλ A t) 1/ F 1 t)dt 8 A t) ) x1 x 1 iλ U x1 ) = 0 0) x 4iλ U x1 ) x1 U x1 x 1 = 0 1)
6 18 P. G. Estévez et al. which is the Lax pair corresponding with the KdV equation. Again, λ plays the role of the spectral parameter. Case II.. A 3 t) = 0, A 1 t) = 0, A t) = 0 x 1 = y, x = t. ux, y, t) = ia 1t)Ux 1, x ) 8 B 3 t)dt iλ ) B 3t) A 1 t) x 1 B1 t) A 1 t) Ȧ1t) ) 4A 1 t) y x wx, y, t) = i x 1, x ) Ȧ1t) B t) A 1 t) B 3t) A 1 t) y 8A 1 t) x ) x Ȧ1t) A 1 t)ä 1 t) 4A 1 t) x 3 1 B 1t)Ȧ 1 t) A 1 t)ḃ 1 t) A 1 t) x 1 These reduced fields lead to a trivial reduction of the equations. U x1 x 1 = 0, x1 x 1 = 0 Reduced eigenfunction x, y, t) = x 1, x ) A1 t) exp i exp i B3 t)dt iλ ) A 1 t) Ȧ1 t) 4A 1 t) x 1 x 8 )] F 1 t)dt A 1t)B 1 t) B 3 t)dt iλ ) )] A 1 t) x 1 F 1 t) = B ) ] 1t) B3 A 1 t) t)dt iλ A 1 t) x1 = 0, x ) U x1 x1 = 0 ) Case II.3. A 3 t) = 0, A 1 t) = 0, A t) = 0 x 1 = x A t) 4 B 1 t) A t) 3/ dt x = t, ux, y, t) = Ux 1, x ) x 1 B3 t)dt A t) B1 t) A t) Ȧt) ) 8A t) x y wx, y, t) = x 1, x ) A t) 16 x 1 Ät) 48A t) y3 B 3t) A t) y B t) A t) y These reduced fields lead to trivial a reduction of the equation. U x1 x = 0 3) Reduced eigenfunction x, y, t) = x 1, x ) A t) 1/4 Ȧ t) B3 t)dt iλ exp i 8A t) y y A t) )] F 3 t)dt F 3 t) = B t) A t) 8 B3 t)dt iλ A t) x = 0 x1 x 1 U x1 iλ ) = 0 ) 3.1 Reduction of a Lax pair in 1 1 dimensions Let us now study the nontrivial reduction I.1. obtained in the past section. We consider this reduction of inter-
7 Symmetry computation and reduction of a wave model 19 est from a possible physical viewpoint. In this way, we aim to perform another symmetry search on the equation and its corresponding Lax pair in 11 dimensions. We reconsider the equation given in 17) U x x = x1 x, U x1 x 1 x 1 x 8U x1 x U x1 4U x1 x 1 U x x x = 0, 4) which is integrable in the Painlevé sense and possesses an associated linear spectral problem or Lax pair 18), which takes the form x1 x 1 i x U x1 = 0, i x x U x x1 U x1 x i x λ ) = 0. 5) whose compatibility condition x1 x 1 x x = x x x x 1 ) recovers 4). This Lax pair presents a constant parameter λ that plays the role of the spectral parameter. We aim at studying its classical Lie point symmetries and further reduction under the action of the symmetries. We propose a general transformation in which the infinitesimal generator depends on any independent and dependent variables as x 1 x 1 ɛξ 1 x 1, x, U,) Oɛ ), x x ɛξ x 1, x, U,) Oɛ ), λ λ ɛη λ x 1, x,λ,) Oɛ ), U U ɛη U x 1, x, U,) Oɛ ), ɛη x 1, x, U,) Oɛ ). 6) Here, we can see that we have considered λ as an independent variable in order to make the reductions properly. If we want to achieve symmetries of equation 4) and those of the corresponding Lax pair 5)at the same time, we must include the transformed eigenfunctions ɛη x 1, x, U,,λ,) Oɛ ), where we have only specified the transformation for one of the eigenfunctions, since the complex conjugate version was not considered in the former reductions. Similar results can be obtained for the complex conjugate by extension of previous results. By definition of symmetry, transformation 6) must leave invariant equation 4) and its associated Lax pair 5). The associated symmetry vector field has the expression X = ξ 1 ξ η λ x 1 x λ η U U η η. 7) From the terms in ɛ = 0 we retrieve the original equations, U x x = x1 x, U x1 x 1 x 1 x = x x 8U x1 x U x1 4U x1 x 1 U x, x1 x 1 = i x U x1, i x x = U x x1 U x1 x i x λ ) 8) that shall be used in the forthcoming steps. First introduce transformation 6) into the system of differential equations in 4), 5) and set the linear term in ɛ equal to zero. Introduce the needed prolongations for Eq. 4), that are η x 1x 1 x 1 x ] U, η x 1x ] U, η x 1x 1 ] U, η x x ] U, η x 1] U, ηx ] U, ηx x ], η x 1x ], η x ], and the prolongations neeeded for the Lax pair 5), that are η x 1x 1 ], η x x ], η x 1], ηx ], calculated following Lie s formula 31] and U x x, U x1 x 1 x 1 x, x1 x 1, x x from 8). We come up with the classical Lie point symmetries ξ 1 x 1, x, U,)= 1 k 1x 1 k, ξ x 1, x, U,)= k 1 x, η λ = k 1 λ, η u x 1, x, U,)= 1 k 1U k 5, η x 1, x, U,)= k 1 i x k 6 x 1 ), η x 1, x,λ,u,,,λ)= Bλ). 9) These symmetries depend on 5 arbitrary constants of integration k 1, k,,, k 5 and two arbitrary functions k 6 x 1 ) and Bλ) Table ). We introduce the following notation for the reduced variables. In this case, λ is an independent variable. x 1, x,λ z, 30)
8 0 P. G. Estévez et al. Table Reductions for 1 1-BKP equation Case I: k 1 = 0 Case II: k 1 = 0 1. k = 0 = 0 1. k = 0 = 0. k = 0 = 0 3. k = 0 = 0 and the reduced fields and eigenfunctions Ux 1, x ) V z), x 1, x ) W z), x 1, x ) ϕz,). 31) We find the following reductions Case I.1. k 1 = 0 z = k 1k 1 x ) k 1 x 1 k ), = k1 5 k 1λ )k 1 x 1 k ) 4. V z) Ux 1, x ) = k 1 k 1 x 1 k ), x 1, x ) = i k1 3 k 1 x 1 k ) z k 1 Reduced Eigenfunction W z) k 1 x 1 k ) z x 1, x,λ)= ϕz,)e Bλ) k 1 λ dλ z ϕ zz 8iz V z ϕ zϕ z ) W zw z 6izV z ) ] iz 4zV zz ) ϕ = 0, 16 ϕ 16zϕ z 43 8iz V z )ϕ i 6z 16iz 3 V z )ϕ z W zw z V z1 3iz)V z ] iz 4zV zz ) ϕ = 0.. In this case, a constant appears and plays the role of a spectral parameter. s W zz = V zz, 16z 6 V zzzz 144z 5 V zzz 8z V )V z zw z W 1 300z 3z V 96z 3 V z )z V zz 176z 4 V z = 0. These equations can be integrated as W = a 1 z a 16z 5 V zzz 80z 4 V zz 48z 4 V z z 3 3V 60)V z zv z V a a 3 z = 0. where a 1, a, a 3 are constants. Case II.1. k 1 = 0, k = 0, = 0, = 0 z = k k = k x x 1 k λ x 1 ) ). Ux 1, x ) = k V z) k 5 k x 1, x 1, x ) = k k3 W z) i k3 k 3 1 k Reduced Eigenfunction k 6 x 1 )dx 1. x 1, x,λ)= ϕz,)e 1 Bλ)dλ. z k ) x 1 x 1 ϕ ϕ z ϕ zz iϕ z C 1 V z ) ϕ = 0, ic W z iv zz )ϕ i ϕ ϕ z ) V z ϕ zz = 0. 3)
9 Symmetry computation and reduction of a wave model 1 In this reduced spectral problem, the constant plays the role of the spectral parameter. W zz = V zz ic, V zzzz 4 C 1 3V z ) V zz W zz = 0. 33) where C 1 = k 5 and C k 3 = k5 3 k 6 The above equations can be integrated as W = V a 1 z a, P zz 6Pz 8C 1 1)P z ic z a3 = 0, P = V z. 34) This last equation is nothing but the celebrated Painlevé II equation whose solutions has been extensively studied 8,11]. Case II.. k 1 = 0, k = 0, = 0, = 0, k 5 = 0 z = k 5 x, k ) 1/ ) k5 k = λ x 1 k ) 1/ k5 Ux 1, x ) = V z) k 5 x 1, k k x 1, x ) = k 5 W z) i x x 1 k k 1 k 6 x 1 )dx 1. k Reduced Eigenfunction ψx 1, x ) = ϕz,)e 1 Bλ)dλ. ϕ iϕ z ϕ = 0, ϕ zz iv z ϕ W z V zz ) ϕ = 0. 35) k 5/ 5 V zz = i k3/, W zz = 0. 36) Case II.3. k 1 = 0, k = 0, = 0, = 0, k 5 = 0 z = k5 ) 1/3 x 1, = k1/3 3 k /3 5 λ k ) 4 x i k5 ) 1/3 k5 Ux 1, x ) = V z) k 5 x, x 1, x ) = W z) i x k B 0 x. 3 where B 0 is a constant. Reduced Eigenfunction ψx 1, x ) = ϕz,)e 1 Bλ)dλ. ϕ iϕ z V zz ϕ = 0, ϕ zz iϕ V z ϕ = 0. ) /3 B 0 Here, the constant plays the role of the spectral paramenter. V zz = i k5, W zz = 0. 37) 4 Conclusions and brief comments We have calculated the classical point) symmetries of a nonlinear PDE and its corresponding two-component, nonisospectral Lax pair in 1 dimensions. The spectral parameter has been conveniently introduced as
10 P. G. Estévez et al. dependent variable obeying the nonisospectral condition. We have reduced both the equation and its Lax pair attending to different choices of the arbitrary functions and constants of integration present in the calculated symmetries. Of a total of 6 reductions, of them happen to be knowledgeable equations in the literature. One is the KdV equation. From this result, we can say that 1)-BKP equation is a generalization of the KdV equation. The nonclassical version when ξ 3 = 0 has also been obtained although it is not included in this manuscript), leading to the same set of symmetries. The other interesting reduction is an equation showing multisoliton solutions. In this equation and its associated Lax pair, we have performed a second classical Lie symmetry analysis. In this case, the spectral parameter has been conveniently introduced in the reduction and it needs to be considered as an independent variable. Another 4 possible reductions are contemplated. After the computation of the classical Lie symmetry results, the nonclassical symmetries for the nontrivial reduction I.1. studied in Sect Equation 4) and those of its corresponding Lax pair 5) have also been obtained, provided that ξ = 0, leading us to equivalent results not listed in this paper). Therefore, the classical and nonclassical symmetries of Eqs. 4) and 5) are equivalent. Nonetheless, this is not always the rule. Indeed, nonclassical symmetries are usually more general and contain the classical ones as a particular case. As a future perspective, it would be desirable to be able to find ways of solving nonisospectral Lax pairs in 1 1 dimensions, since the methods applicable are only applicable in the cases of isospectral ones. Acknowledgements P. G. Estévez, J. D. Lejarreta and C. Sardón acknowledge partial financial support by research projects MAT C-1-R MINECO) and SA6013 JCYL). References 1. Ablowitz, M.J., Clarkson, P.: Solitons, Non-linear Evolution Equations and Inverse Scattering. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1991). Ablowitz, M.J., Segur, H.: Solitons and the Inverse Scattering Transform. SIAM, Philadelphia 1981) 3. Arrigo, D., Beckham, J.R.: Nonclassical symmetries of evolutionary partial differential equations and compatibility conditions. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 89, ) 4. Bluman, G.W., Cole, J.D.: The general similarity solution of the heat equation. J. Math. Mech. 18, ) 5. Bluman, G.W., Yan, Z.: Nonclassical potential solutions of partial differential equations. Eur. J. Appl. Math. 16, ) 6. Bogoyanlevskii, O.I.: Overturning solitons in new twodimensional integrable equations. Lett. Nuovo Cimento Math. URSS. Izv. 34, ) 7. Calogero, F.: A method to generate solvable non-linear evolution equations. Lett. Nuovo Cimento 14, ) 8. Clarkson, P.A.: NIST Handbook of Mathematical Functions, pp Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 010) 9. Clarkson, P.A., Winternitz, P.: Nonclassical symmetry reductions for the Kadomtsev Petviashvili equation. Phys. D 49, ) 10. Drazin, P.G.: Solitons. London Mathematical Society Lecture Note Series, vol. 85. Cambridge University Press, Cambrigde 1983) 11. Drazin, P.G., Johnson, R.S.: Solitons: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1990) 1. Druyma, V.S.: On the analytical solution of the two dimensional Korteweg de Vries equation. Sov. Phys. JETP Lett. 19, ) 13. Estévez, P.G.: Construction of lumps with non-trivial interaction. In: Proceedings of 6th Workshop Group Analysis of Differential Equations & Integrable Systems Protaras, Cyprus, 01), pp University of Cyprus, Nicosia 013) 14. Estévez, P.G., Hernáez, G.A.: Non-isospectral problem in 1 dimensions. J. Phys. A Math. Gen. 33, ) 15. Estévez, P.G., Lejarreta, J.D., Sardón, C.: Non isospectral 11 hierarchies arising from a Camassa-Holm hierarchy in 1 dimensions. J. Nonlinear Math. Phys. 8, ) 16. Estévez, P.G., Prada, J.: Singular manifold method for an equation in 1 dimensions. J. Nonlinear Math. Phys. 1, ) 17. Estévez, P.G., Prada, J.: Lump solutions for PDE s: algorithmic construction and classification. J. Nonlinear Math. Phys. 15, ) 18. Kadomtsev, B.B., Petviashvili, V.I.: On stability of solitary waves in weakly dispersive media. Sov. Phys. Dokl. 15, ) 19. Korteweg, D.J., de Vries, G.: On the change of form of long waves advancing in a rectangular canal and on a new type of stationary waves. Philos. Mag. 39, ) 0. Lie, S.: Über die Integration durch bestimmte Integrale von einer Klasse linearer partieller Differentialgleichungen. Arch. Math. 6, ) 1. Lie, S.: Theorie der Transformationgruppen, vol.. Teubner, Leipzig 1890). Lie, S.: Theorie der Transformationgruppen, vol. 3. Teubner, Leipzig 1893) 3. Liu, J., Mu, G., Dai, Z., Lao, H.: Spaciotemporal deformation of multi-soliton to 1)-dimensional KdV equation. Nonlinear Dyn. 83, ) 4. Minzoni, A.A., Smyth, N.F.: Evolution of lump solutions for the KP equation. Wave Motion 4, ) 5. Nucci, M.C.: The role of symmetries in solving differential equations. Math. Comput. Model. 5, )
11 Symmetry computation and reduction of a wave model 3 6. Nucci, M.C.: Nonclassical symmetries as special solutions of heir-equations. Math. Anal. Appl. 79, ) 7. Nucci, M.C., Ames, W.F.: Classical and nonclassical symmetries of the Helmholtz equation. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 178, ) 8. Olver, P.J.: Applications of Lie Groups to Differential Equations. Springer, Berlin 1993) 9. Pucci, E., Saccomandi, G.: On the reduction methods for ordinary differential equations. J. Phys. A 35, ) 30. Sardón, C., Estévez, P.G.: Miura-Reciprocal transformations for two Integrable hierarchies in 1 1 dimensions. In: Proceedings of 6th Workshop Group Analysis of Differential Equations & Integrable Systems Protaras, Cyprus, 01), pp University of Cyprus, Nicosia 013) 31. Stephani, H.: Differential Equations: Their Solution Using Symmetries. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1990) 3. Wazwaz, A.M.: New higher dimensional fifth-order nonlinear equations with multiple soliton solutions. Phys. Scr. 84, ) 33. Wazwaz, A.M.: Gaussian solitary wave solutions for nonlinear evolution equations with algorithmic nonlinearities. Nonlinear Dyn. 83, ) 34. Weiss, J.: The Painlevé property for partial differential equations. II: Bäcklund transformation, Lax pairs and the Schwartzian derivative. J. Math. Phys. 4, ) 35. Weiss, J., Tabor, M., Carnevale, G.: The Painlevé property for partial differential equations. J. Math. Phys. 4, ) 36. Yan, Z., Konotop, V.V., Akhmediev, N.: Three-dimensional rogue waves in nonstationary parabolic potentials. Phys. Rev. E 8, ) 37. Yan, Z.: Two-dimensional vector rogue wave excitations and controlling parameters in the two-component Gross- Pitaevskii equations with varying potentials. Nonlinear Dyn. 79, ) 38. Yu, S.J., Toda, K., Fukuyama, T.: N-soliton solutions to a 1 dimensional integrable equation. J. Phys. A Math. Gen. 31, ) 39. Zhang, S., Gao, X.: Exact N-soliton solution and dynamics of a new AKNS equation with time-dependent coefficients. Nonlinear Dyn. 83, )
A Generalization of the Sine-Gordon Equation to 2+1 Dimensions
Journal of Nonlinear Mathematical Physics Volume 11, Number (004), 164 179 Article A Generalization of the Sine-Gordon Equation to +1 Dimensions PGESTÉVEZ and J PRADA Area de Fisica Teórica, Facultad de
More informationSymmetry Reductions of (2+1) dimensional Equal Width. Wave Equation
Authors: Symmetry Reductions of (2+1) dimensional Equal Width 1. Dr. S. Padmasekaran Wave Equation Asst. Professor, Department of Mathematics Periyar University, Salem 2. M.G. RANI Periyar University,
More informationSymbolic Computation and New Soliton-Like Solutions of the 1+2D Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schif Equation
MM Research Preprints, 85 93 MMRC, AMSS, Academia Sinica, Beijing No., December 003 85 Symbolic Computation and New Soliton-Like Solutions of the 1+D Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schif Equation Zhenya Yan Key
More informationExact solutions through symmetry reductions for a new integrable equation
Exact solutions through symmetry reductions for a new integrable equation MARIA LUZ GANDARIAS University of Cádiz Department of Mathematics PO.BOX, 1151 Puerto Real, Cádiz SPAIN marialuz.gandarias@uca.es
More informationBreaking soliton equations and negative-order breaking soliton equations of typical and higher orders
Pramana J. Phys. (2016) 87: 68 DOI 10.1007/s12043-016-1273-z c Indian Academy of Sciences Breaking soliton equations and negative-order breaking soliton equations of typical and higher orders ABDUL-MAJID
More informationSimilarity Reductions of (2+1)-Dimensional Multi-component Broer Kaup System
Commun. Theor. Phys. Beijing China 50 008 pp. 803 808 c Chinese Physical Society Vol. 50 No. 4 October 15 008 Similarity Reductions of +1-Dimensional Multi-component Broer Kaup System DONG Zhong-Zhou 1
More informationSecond Order Lax Pairs of Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations with Schwarzian Forms
Second Order Lax Pairs of Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations with Schwarzian Forms Sen-yue Lou a b c, Xiao-yan Tang a b, Qing-Ping Liu b d, and T. Fukuyama e f a Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao
More informationPainlevé analysis and some solutions of variable coefficient Benny equation
PRAMANA c Indian Academy of Sciences Vol. 85, No. 6 journal of December 015 physics pp. 1111 11 Painlevé analysis and some solutions of variable coefficient Benny equation RAJEEV KUMAR 1,, R K GUPTA and
More informationGroup analysis, nonlinear self-adjointness, conservation laws, and soliton solutions for the mkdv systems
ISSN 139-5113 Nonlinear Analysis: Modelling Control, 017, Vol., No. 3, 334 346 https://doi.org/10.15388/na.017.3.4 Group analysis, nonlinear self-adjointness, conservation laws, soliton solutions for the
More informationReciprocal transformations and reductions for a 2+1 integrable equation
Reciprocal transformations and reductions for a 2+1 integrable equation P. G. Estévez. Departamento de Fisica Fundamental. Universidad de Salamanca SPAIN Cyprus. October 2008 Summary An spectral problem
More informationTravelling wave solutions for a CBS equation in dimensions
AMERICAN CONFERENCE ON APPLIED MATHEMATICS (MATH '8), Harvard, Massachusetts, USA, March -6, 8 Travelling wave solutions for a CBS equation in + dimensions MARIA LUZ GANDARIAS University of Cádiz Department
More informationNew Approach of ( Ǵ/G ) Expansion Method. Applications to KdV Equation
Journal of Mathematics Research; Vol. 6, No. ; ISSN 96-9795 E-ISSN 96-989 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education New Approach of Ǵ/G Expansion Method. Applications to KdV Equation Mohammad
More informationBäcklund transformation and special solutions for Drinfeld Sokolov Satsuma Hirota system of coupled equations
arxiv:nlin/0102001v1 [nlin.si] 1 Feb 2001 Bäcklund transformation and special solutions for Drinfeld Sokolov Satsuma Hirota system of coupled equations Ayşe Karasu (Kalkanli) and S Yu Sakovich Department
More informationComputers and Mathematics with Applications
Computers and Mathematics with Applications 60 (00) 3088 3097 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Computers and Mathematics with Applications journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/camwa Symmetry
More informationPainlevé Test for the Certain (2+1)-Dimensional Nonlinear Evolution Equations. Abstract
Painlevé Test for the Certain (2+1)-Dimensional Nonlinear Evolution Equations T. Alagesan and Y. Chung Department of Information and Communications, Kwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-dong,
More informationNew explicit solitary wave solutions for (2 + 1)-dimensional Boussinesq equation and (3 + 1)-dimensional KP equation
Physics Letters A 07 (00) 107 11 www.elsevier.com/locate/pla New explicit solitary wave solutions for ( + 1)-dimensional Boussinesq equation and ( + 1)-dimensional KP equation Yong Chen, Zhenya Yan, Honging
More informationThe Higher Dimensional Bateman Equation and Painlevé Analysis of Nonintegrable Wave Equations
Symmetry in Nonlinear Mathematical Physics 1997, V.1, 185 192. The Higher Dimensional Bateman Equation and Painlevé Analysis of Nonintegrable Wave Equations Norbert EULER, Ove LINDBLOM, Marianna EULER
More informationSymmetry and Exact Solutions of (2+1)-Dimensional Generalized Sasa Satsuma Equation via a Modified Direct Method
Commun. Theor. Phys. Beijing, China 51 2009 pp. 97 978 c Chinese Physical Society and IOP Publishing Ltd Vol. 51, No., June 15, 2009 Symmetry and Exact Solutions of 2+1-Dimensional Generalized Sasa Satsuma
More informationBuilding Generalized Lax Integrable KdV and MKdV Equations with Spatiotemporally Varying Coefficients
Journal of Physics: Conference Series OPEN ACCESS Building Generalized Lax Integrable KdV and MKdV Equations with Spatiotemporally Varying Coefficients To cite this article: M Russo and S R Choudhury 2014
More informationThe Construction of Alternative Modified KdV Equation in (2 + 1) Dimensions
Proceedings of Institute of Mathematics of NAS of Ukraine 00, Vol. 3, Part 1, 377 383 The Construction of Alternative Modified KdV Equation in + 1) Dimensions Kouichi TODA Department of Physics, Keio University,
More informationMultiple-Soliton Solutions for Extended Shallow Water Wave Equations
Studies in Mathematical Sciences Vol. 1, No. 1, 2010, pp. 21-29 www.cscanada.org ISSN 1923-8444 [Print] ISSN 1923-8452 [Online] www.cscanada.net Multiple-Soliton Solutions for Extended Shallow Water Wave
More informationOn Certain New Exact Solutions of the (2+1)-Dimensional Calogero-Degasperis Equation via Symmetry Approach
ISSN 1749-3889 (print), 1749-3897 (online) International Journal of Nonlinear Science Vol.13(01) No.4,pp.475-481 On Certain New Exact Solutions of the (+1)-Dimensional Calogero-Degasperis Equation via
More informationSymmetry reductions and travelling wave solutions for a new integrable equation
Symmetry reductions and travelling wave solutions for a new integrable equation MARIA LUZ GANDARIAS University of Cádiz Department of Mathematics PO.BOX 0, 50 Puerto Real, Cádiz SPAIN marialuz.gandarias@uca.es
More informationA NONLINEAR GENERALIZATION OF THE CAMASSA-HOLM EQUATION WITH PEAKON SOLUTIONS
A NONLINEAR GENERALIZATION OF THE CAMASSA-HOLM EQUATION WITH PEAKON SOLUTIONS STEPHEN C. ANCO 1, ELENA RECIO 1,2, MARÍA L. GANDARIAS2, MARÍA S. BRUZÓN2 1 department of mathematics and statistics brock
More informationNew Formal Solutions of Davey Stewartson Equation via Combined tanh Function Method with Symmetry Method
Commun. Theor. Phys. Beijing China 7 007 pp. 587 593 c International Academic Publishers Vol. 7 No. April 5 007 New Formal Solutions of Davey Stewartson Equation via Combined tanh Function Method with
More informationAn Analytic Study of the (2 + 1)-Dimensional Potential Kadomtsev-Petviashvili Equation
Adv. Theor. Appl. Mech., Vol. 3, 21, no. 11, 513-52 An Analytic Study of the (2 + 1)-Dimensional Potential Kadomtsev-Petviashvili Equation B. Batiha and K. Batiha Department of Mathematics, Faculty of
More informationMACSYMA PROGRAM FOR THE PAINLEVÉ TEST FOR NONLINEAR ORDINARY AND PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
. MACSYMA PROGRAM FOR THE PAINLEVÉ TEST FOR NONLINEAR ORDINARY AND PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS Willy Hereman Mathematics Department and Center for the Mathematical Sciences University of Wisconsin at
More informationExact Interaction Solutions of an Extended (2+1)-Dimensional Shallow Water Wave Equation
Commun. Theor. Phys. 68 (017) 165 169 Vol. 68, No., August 1, 017 Exact Interaction Solutions of an Extended (+1)-Dimensional Shallow Water Wave Equation Yun-Hu Wang ( 王云虎 ), 1, Hui Wang ( 王惠 ), 1, Hong-Sheng
More informationBoussineq-Type Equations and Switching Solitons
Proceedings of Institute of Mathematics of NAS of Ukraine, Vol. 3, Part 1, 3 351 Boussineq-Type Equations and Switching Solitons Allen PARKER and John Michael DYE Department of Engineering Mathematics,
More informationNew families of non-travelling wave solutions to a new (3+1)-dimensional potential-ytsf equation
MM Research Preprints, 376 381 MMRC, AMSS, Academia Sinica, Beijing No., December 3 New families of non-travelling wave solutions to a new (3+1-dimensional potential-ytsf equation Zhenya Yan Key Laboratory
More informationCoupled KdV Equations of Hirota-Satsuma Type
Journal of Nonlinear Mathematical Physics 1999, V.6, N 3, 255 262. Letter Coupled KdV Equations of Hirota-Satsuma Type S.Yu. SAKOVICH Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences, P.O. 72, Minsk,
More informationarxiv:nlin/ v2 [nlin.si] 9 Oct 2002
Journal of Nonlinear Mathematical Physics Volume 9, Number 1 2002), 21 25 Letter On Integrability of Differential Constraints Arising from the Singularity Analysis S Yu SAKOVICH Institute of Physics, National
More informationIntegrability approaches to differential equations
XXIV Fall Workshop on Geometry and Physics Zaragoza, CUD, September 2015 What is integrability? On a fairly imprecise first approximation, we say integrability is the exact solvability or regular behavior
More informationPainlevé Analysis, Lie Symmetries and Exact Solutions for Variable Coefficients Benjamin Bona Mahony Burger (BBMB) Equation
Commun. Theor. Phys. 60 (2013) 175 182 Vol. 60, No. 2, August 15, 2013 Painlevé Analysis, Lie Symmetries and Exact Solutions for Variable Coefficients Benjamin Bona Mahony Burger (BBMB) Equation Vikas
More informationA NEW VARIABLE-COEFFICIENT BERNOULLI EQUATION-BASED SUB-EQUATION METHOD FOR SOLVING NONLINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
U.P.B. Sci. Bull., Series A, Vol. 76, Iss., 014 ISSN 1-707 A NEW VARIABLE-COEFFICIENT BERNOULLI EQUATION-BASED SUB-EQUATION METHOD FOR SOLVING NONLINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS Bin Zheng 1 In this paper,
More informationA Note on Nonclassical Symmetries of a Class of Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations and Compatibility
Commun. Theor. Phys. (Beijing, China) 52 (2009) pp. 398 402 c Chinese Physical Society and IOP Publishing Ltd Vol. 52, No. 3, September 15, 2009 A Note on Nonclassical Symmetries of a Class of Nonlinear
More informationThree types of generalized Kadomtsev Petviashvili equations arising from baroclinic potential vorticity equation
Chin. Phys. B Vol. 19, No. (1 1 Three types of generalized Kadomtsev Petviashvili equations arising from baroclinic potential vorticity equation Zhang Huan-Ping( 张焕萍 a, Li Biao( 李彪 ad, Chen Yong ( 陈勇 ab,
More informationThe Riccati equation with variable coefficients expansion algorithm to find more exact solutions of nonlinear differential equations
MM Research Preprints, 275 284 MMRC, AMSS, Academia Sinica, Beijing No. 22, December 2003 275 The Riccati equation with variable coefficients expansion algorithm to find more exact solutions of nonlinear
More informationLump solutions to dimensionally reduced p-gkp and p-gbkp equations
Nonlinear Dyn DOI 10.1007/s11071-015-2539- ORIGINAL PAPER Lump solutions to dimensionally reduced p-gkp and p-gbkp equations Wen Xiu Ma Zhenyun Qin Xing Lü Received: 2 September 2015 / Accepted: 28 November
More informationThe (2+1) and (3+1)-Dimensional CBS Equations: Multiple Soliton Solutions and Multiple Singular Soliton Solutions
The (+1) and (3+1)-Dimensional CBS Equations: Multiple Soliton Solutions and Multiple Singular Soliton Solutions Abdul-Majid Wazwaz Department of Mathematics, Saint Xavier University, Chicago, IL 60655,
More informationMath 575-Lecture 26. KdV equation. Derivation of KdV
Math 575-Lecture 26 KdV equation We look at the KdV equations and the so-called integrable systems. The KdV equation can be written as u t + 3 2 uu x + 1 6 u xxx = 0. The constants 3/2 and 1/6 are not
More informationTHE LAX PAIR FOR THE MKDV HIERARCHY. Peter A. Clarkson, Nalini Joshi & Marta Mazzocco
Séminaires & Congrès 14, 006, p. 53 64 THE LAX PAIR FOR THE MKDV HIERARCHY by Peter A. Clarkson, Nalini Joshi & Marta Mazzocco Abstract. In this paper we give an algorithmic method of deriving the Lax
More informationNew methods of reduction for ordinary differential equations
IMA Journal of Applied Mathematics (2001) 66, 111 125 New methods of reduction for ordinary differential equations C. MURIEL AND J. L. ROMERO Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad de Cádiz, PO Box 40,
More informationIntroduction to the Hirota bilinear method
Introduction to the Hirota bilinear method arxiv:solv-int/9708006v1 14 Aug 1997 J. Hietarinta Department of Physics, University of Turku FIN-20014 Turku, Finland e-mail: hietarin@utu.fi Abstract We give
More informationTranscendents defined by nonlinear fourth-order ordinary differential equations
J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 3 999) 999 03. Printed in the UK PII: S0305-447099)9603-6 Transcendents defined by nonlinear fourth-order ordinary differential equations Nicolai A Kudryashov Department of Applied
More informationRelation between Periodic Soliton Resonance and Instability
Proceedings of Institute of Mathematics of NAS of Ukraine 004 Vol. 50 Part 1 486 49 Relation between Periodic Soliton Resonance and Instability Masayoshi TAJIRI Graduate School of Engineering Osaka Prefecture
More informationNew approach for tanh and extended-tanh methods with applications on Hirota-Satsuma equations
Volume 28, N. 1, pp. 1 14, 2009 Copyright 2009 SBMAC ISSN 0101-8205 www.scielo.br/cam New approach for tanh and extended-tanh methods with applications on Hirota-Satsuma equations HASSAN A. ZEDAN Mathematics
More informationResearch Article Soliton Solutions for the Wick-Type Stochastic KP Equation
Abstract and Applied Analysis Volume 212, Article ID 327682, 9 pages doi:1.1155/212/327682 Research Article Soliton Solutions for the Wick-Type Stochastic KP Equation Y. F. Guo, 1, 2 L. M. Ling, 2 and
More informationarxiv:math/ v1 [math.ap] 1 Jan 1992
APPEARED IN BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY Volume 26, Number 1, Jan 1992, Pages 119-124 A STEEPEST DESCENT METHOD FOR OSCILLATORY RIEMANN-HILBERT PROBLEMS arxiv:math/9201261v1 [math.ap]
More informationDiagonalization of the Coupled-Mode System.
Diagonalization of the Coupled-Mode System. Marina Chugunova joint work with Dmitry Pelinovsky Department of Mathematics, McMaster University, Canada Collaborators: Mason A. Porter, California Institute
More informationarxiv:nlin/ v2 [nlin.si] 14 Sep 2001
Second order Lax pairs of nonlinear partial differential equations with Schwarz variants arxiv:nlin/0108045v2 [nlin.si] 14 Sep 2001 Sen-yue Lou 1,2,3, Xiao-yan Tang 2,3, Qing-Ping Liu 1,4,3 and T. Fukuyama
More informationarxiv: v1 [math-ph] 25 Jul Preliminaries
arxiv:1107.4877v1 [math-ph] 25 Jul 2011 Nonlinear self-adjointness and conservation laws Nail H. Ibragimov Department of Mathematics and Science, Blekinge Institute of Technology, 371 79 Karlskrona, Sweden
More informationNonclassical analysis of the nonlinear Kompaneets equation
J Eng Math DOI 10.1007/s10665-012-9552-2 Nonclassical analysis of the nonlinear Kompaneets equation George W. Bluman Shou-fu Tian Zhengzheng Yang Received: 30 December 2011 / Accepted: 19 April 2012 Springer
More informationInvariance Analysis of the (2+1) Dimensional Long Dispersive Wave Equation
Nonlinear Mathematical Physics 997 V.4 N 3 4 60. Invariance Analysis of the + Dimensional Long Dispersive Wave Equation M. SENTHIL VELAN and M. LAKSHMANAN Center for Nonlinear Dynamics Department of Physics
More informationOn the Linearization of Second-Order Dif ferential and Dif ference Equations
Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications Vol. (006), Paper 065, 15 pages On the Linearization of Second-Order Dif ferential and Dif ference Equations Vladimir DORODNITSYN Keldysh
More informationarxiv:nlin/ v1 [nlin.si] 25 Sep 2006
Remarks on the conserved densities of the Camassa-Holm equation Amitava Choudhuri 1, B. Talukdar 1a and S. Ghosh 1 Department of Physics, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 73135, India Patha Bhavana,
More informationA MULTI-COMPONENT LAX INTEGRABLE HIERARCHY WITH HAMILTONIAN STRUCTURE
Pacific Journal of Applied Mathematics Volume 1, Number 2, pp. 69 75 ISSN PJAM c 2008 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. A MULTI-COMPONENT LAX INTEGRABLE HIERARCHY WITH HAMILTONIAN STRUCTURE Wen-Xiu Ma Department
More informationSymmetries and solutions of the non-autonomous von Bertalanffy equation
University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences 205 Symmetries and solutions of the non-autonomous
More informationNew Exact Solutions for the (2+1)-dimensional Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli Equation
Applied Mathematical Sciences, Vol. 6, 2012, no. 12, 579-587 New Exact Solutions for the (2+1)-dimensional Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli Equation Ying Li and Desheng Li School of Mathematics and System Science
More informationLie point symmetries and invariant solutions of (2+1)- dimensional Calogero Degasperis equation
NTMSCI 5, No. 1, 179-189 (017) 179 New Trends in Mathematical Sciences http://.doi.org/10.085/ntmsci.017.136 Lie point symmetries and invariant solutions of (+1)- dimensional Calogero Degasperis equation
More informationEXACT SOLITARY WAVE AND PERIODIC WAVE SOLUTIONS OF THE KAUP-KUPERSCHMIDT EQUATION
Journal of Applied Analysis and Computation Volume 5, Number 3, August 015, 485 495 Website:http://jaac-online.com/ doi:10.11948/015039 EXACT SOLITARY WAVE AND PERIODIC WAVE SOLUTIONS OF THE KAUP-KUPERSCHMIDT
More informationDerivation of Generalized Camassa-Holm Equations from Boussinesq-type Equations
Derivation of Generalized Camassa-Holm Equations from Boussinesq-type Equations H. A. Erbay Department of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Ozyegin University, Cekmekoy 34794,
More informationThe Modified (G /G)-Expansion Method for Nonlinear Evolution Equations
The Modified ( /-Expansion Method for Nonlinear Evolution Equations Sheng Zhang, Ying-Na Sun, Jin-Mei Ba, and Ling Dong Department of Mathematics, Bohai University, Jinzhou 11000, P. R. China Reprint requests
More informationFrom Continuous to Discrete Equations via Transformations
Lecture 2 From Continuous to Discrete Equations via Transformations In this chapter we will discuss how difference equations arise from transformations applied to differential equations. Thus we find that
More informationNew Analytical Solutions For (3+1) Dimensional Kaup-Kupershmidt Equation
International Conference on Computer Technology and Science (ICCTS ) IPCSIT vol. 47 () () IACSIT Press, Singapore DOI:.776/IPCSIT..V47.59 New Analytical Solutions For () Dimensional Kaup-Kupershmidt Equation
More informationPeriodic, hyperbolic and rational function solutions of nonlinear wave equations
Appl Math Inf Sci Lett 1, No 3, 97-101 (013 97 Applied Mathematics & Information Sciences Letters An International Journal http://dxdoiorg/101785/amisl/010307 Periodic, hyperbolic and rational function
More informationGeneralized bilinear differential equations
Generalized bilinear differential equations Wen-Xiu Ma Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620-5700, USA Abstract We introduce a kind of bilinear differential
More information2. Examples of Integrable Equations
Integrable equations A.V.Mikhailov and V.V.Sokolov 1. Introduction 2. Examples of Integrable Equations 3. Examples of Lax pairs 4. Structure of Lax pairs 5. Local Symmetries, conservation laws and the
More informationBäcklund transformations for fourth-order Painlevé-type equations
Bäcklund transformations for fourth-order Painlevé-type equations A. H. Sakka 1 and S. R. Elshamy Department of Mathematics, Islamic University of Gaza P.O.Box 108, Rimae, Gaza, Palestine 1 e-mail: asakka@mail.iugaza.edu
More informationANALYSIS OF A NONLINEAR SURFACE WIND WAVES MODEL VIA LIE GROUP METHOD
Electronic Journal of Differential Equations, Vol. 206 (206), No. 228, pp. 8. ISSN: 072-669. URL: http://ejde.math.txstate.edu or http://ejde.math.unt.edu ANALYSIS OF A NONLINEAR SURFACE WIND WAVES MODEL
More informationAlexei F. Cheviakov. University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada. INPL seminar June 09, 2011
Direct Method of Construction of Conservation Laws for Nonlinear Differential Equations, its Relation with Noether s Theorem, Applications, and Symbolic Software Alexei F. Cheviakov University of Saskatchewan,
More informationSymmetries and reduction techniques for dissipative models
Symmetries and reduction techniques for dissipative models M. Ruggieri and A. Valenti Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica Università di Catania viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy Fourth Workshop
More informationON THE SYMMETRIES OF INTEGRABLE PARTIAL DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS
Proceedings of the International Conference on Difference Equations, Special Functions and Orthogonal Polynomials, World Scientific (2007 ON THE SYMMETRIES OF INTEGRABLE PARTIAL DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS ANASTASIOS
More information2. The generalized Benjamin- Bona-Mahony (BBM) equation with variable coefficients [30]
ISSN 1749-3889 (print), 1749-3897 (online) International Journal of Nonlinear Science Vol.12(2011) No.1,pp.95-99 The Modified Sine-Cosine Method and Its Applications to the Generalized K(n,n) and BBM Equations
More informationFrom the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation halfway to Ward s chiral model 1
Journal of Generalized Lie Theory and Applications Vol. 2 (2008, No. 3, 141 146 From the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation halfway to Ward s chiral model 1 Aristophanes IMAKIS a and Folkert MÜLLER-HOISSEN
More informationThe Solitary Wave Solutions of Zoomeron Equation
Applied Mathematical Sciences, Vol. 5, 011, no. 59, 943-949 The Solitary Wave Solutions of Zoomeron Equation Reza Abazari Deparment of Mathematics, Ardabil Branch Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
More informationON LIE GROUP CLASSIFICATION OF A SCALAR STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
Journal of Nonlinear Mathematical Physics ISSN: 1402-9251 (Print) 1776-0852 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tnmp20 ON LIE GROUP CLASSIFICATION OF A SCALAR STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL
More informationSymmetry Classification of KdV-Type Nonlinear Evolution Equations
Proceedings of Institute of Mathematics of NAS of Ukraine 2004, Vol. 50, Part 1, 125 130 Symmetry Classification of KdV-Type Nonlinear Evolution Equations Faruk GÜNGÖR, Victor LAHNO and Renat ZHDANOV Department
More informationEqWorld INDEX.
EqWorld http://eqworld.ipmnet.ru Exact Solutions > Basic Handbooks > A. D. Polyanin and V. F. Zaitsev, Handbook of Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations, Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton, 2004 INDEX A
More informationA Discussion on the Different Notions of Symmetry of Differential Equations
Proceedings of Institute of Mathematics of NAS of Ukraine 2004, Vol. 50, Part 1, 77 84 A Discussion on the Different Notions of Symmetry of Differential Equations Giampaolo CICOGNA Dipartimento di Fisica
More informationDepartment of Applied Mathematics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian , China
Commun Theor Phys (Being, China 45 (006 pp 199 06 c International Academic Publishers Vol 45, No, February 15, 006 Further Extended Jacobi Elliptic Function Rational Expansion Method and New Families of
More informationSymmetries and Group Invariant Reductions of Integrable Partial Difference Equations
Proceedings of 0th International Conference in MOdern GRoup ANalysis 2005, 222 230 Symmetries and Group Invariant Reductions of Integrable Partial Difference Equations A. TONGAS, D. TSOUBELIS and V. PAPAGEORGIOU
More informationMoving Boundary Problems for the Harry Dym Equation & Reciprocal Associates
Moving Boundary Problems for the Harry Dym Equation & Reciprocal Associates Colin Rogers Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Mathematics & Statistics of Complex Systems & The University
More informationContinuous limits and integrability for a semidiscrete system Zuo-nong Zhu Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, P R China
Continuous limits and integrability for a semidiscrete system Zuo-nong Zhu Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, P R China the 3th GCOE International Symposium, Tohoku University, 17-19
More informationThe General Form of Linearized Exact Solution for the KdV Equation by the Simplest Equation Method
Applied and Computational Mathematics 015; 4(5): 335-341 Published online August 16 015 (http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/acm) doi: 10.11648/j.acm.0150405.11 ISSN: 38-5605 (Print); ISSN: 38-5613
More informationLinearization of Mirror Systems
Journal of Nonlinear Mathematical Physics 00, Volume 9, Supplement 1, 34 4 Proceedings: Hong Kong Linearization of Mirror Systems Tat Leung YEE Department of Mathematics, The Hong Kong University of Science
More informationLecture II Search Method for Lax Pairs of Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations
Lecture II Search Method for Lax Pairs of Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations Usama Al Khawaja, Department of Physics, UAE University, 24 Jan. 2012 First International Winter School on Quantum Gases
More informationProlongation structure for nonlinear integrable couplings of a KdV soliton hierarchy
Prolongation structure for nonlinear integrable couplings of a KdV soliton hierarchy Yu Fa-Jun School of Mathematics and Systematic Sciences, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China Received
More informationCanonically conjugate variables for the periodic Camassa-Holm equation
arxiv:math-ph/21148v2 15 Mar 24 Canonically conjugate variables for the periodic Camassa-Holm equation Alexei V. Penskoi Abstract The Camassa-Holm shallow water equation is known to be Hamiltonian with
More informationSymmetry Solutions of a Third-Order Ordinary Differential Equation which Arises from Prandtl Boundary Layer Equations
Journal of Nonlinear Mathematical Physics Volume 15, Supplement 1 (2008), 179 191 Article Symmetry Solutions of a Third-Order Ordinary Differential Equation which Arises from Prandtl Boundary Layer Equations
More informationGeneration of undular bores and solitary wave trains in fully nonlinear shallow water theory
Generation of undular bores and solitary wave trains in fully nonlinear shallow water theory Gennady El 1, Roger Grimshaw 1 and Noel Smyth 2 1 Loughborough University, UK, 2 University of Edinburgh, UK
More informationThe (G'/G) - Expansion Method for Finding Traveling Wave Solutions of Some Nonlinear Pdes in Mathematical Physics
Vol.3, Issue., Jan-Feb. 3 pp-369-376 ISSN: 49-6645 The ('/) - Expansion Method for Finding Traveling Wave Solutions of Some Nonlinear Pdes in Mathematical Physics J.F.Alzaidy Mathematics Department, Faculty
More informationA SEARCH FOR LUMP SOLUTIONS TO A COMBINED FOURTH-ORDER NONLINEAR PDE IN (2+1)-DIMENSIONS
Journal of Applied Analysis and Computation Volume *, Number *, * *, 1 15 Website:http://jaac.ijournal.cn DOI:10.11948/*.1 A SEARCH FOR LUMP SOLUTIONS TO A COMBINED FOURTH-ORDER NONLINEAR PDE IN (2+1)-DIMENSIONS
More informationNonlocal Symmetry and Explicit Solution of the Alice-Bob Modified Korteweg-de Vries Equation
Commun. Theor. Phys. 70 (2018) 31 37 Vol. 70, No. 1, July 1, 2018 Nonlocal Symmetry and Explicit Solution of the Alice-Bob Modified Korteweg-de Vries Equation Zheng-Yi Ma ( 马正义 ), 1,3, Jin-Xi Fei ( 费金喜
More informationarxiv: v1 [nlin.si] 23 Aug 2007
arxiv:0708.3247v1 [nlin.si] 23 Aug 2007 A new integrable generalization of the Korteweg de Vries equation Ayşe Karasu-Kalkanlı 1), Atalay Karasu 2), Anton Sakovich 3), Sergei Sakovich 4), Refik Turhan
More informationA PERIODICITY PROBLEM FOR THE KORTEWEG DE VRIES AND STURM LIOUVILLE EQUATIONS. THEIR CONNECTION WITH ALGEBRAIC GEOMETRY
A PERIODICITY PROBLEM FOR THE KORTEWEG DE VRIES AND STURM LIOUVILLE EQUATIONS. THEIR CONNECTION WITH ALGEBRAIC GEOMETRY B. A. DUBROVIN AND S. P. NOVIKOV 1. As was shown in the remarkable communication
More informationSYMBOLIC SOFTWARE FOR SOLITON THEORY: INTEGRABILITY, SYMMETRIES CONSERVATION LAWS AND EXACT SOLUTIONS. Willy Hereman
. SYMBOLIC SOFTWARE FOR SOLITON THEORY: INTEGRABILITY, SYMMETRIES CONSERVATION LAWS AND EXACT SOLUTIONS Willy Hereman Dept. of Mathematical and Computer Sciences Colorado School of Mines Golden, Colorado
More informationSeparation Transformation and New Exact Solutions for the (1+N)-Dimensional Triple Sine-Gordon Equation
Separation Transformation and ew Exact Solutions for the (1-Dimensional Triple Sine-Gordon Equation Yifang Liu a Jiuping Chen b andweifenghu c and Li-Li Zhu d a School of Economics Central University of
More informationSome Elliptic Traveling Wave Solutions to the Novikov-Veselov Equation
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium 006, Cambridge, USA, March 6-9 59 Some Elliptic Traveling Wave Solutions to the Novikov-Veselov Equation J. Nickel, V. S. Serov, and H. W. Schürmann University
More informationFreedom in the Expansion and Obstacles to Integrability in Multiple-Soliton Solutions of the Perturbed KdV Equation
Freedom in the Expansion and Obstacles to Integrability in Multiple-Soliton Solutions of the Perturbed KdV Equation Alex Veksler 1 and Yair Zarmi 1, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel 1 Department
More information