Dielectric Properties of Solids
|
|
- Elfrieda Wilkerson
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Dielectric Properties of Solids
2 Electric polarization In an insulator the electrons are so tightly bound that at ordinary temperatures they cannot be dislodged either by thermal vibrations or with ordinary electric fields. However, when an electric field is applied the centres of positive and negative charge distributions separate and electric dipoles are formed througout the medium. This is called electric polarization. Materials Physics MT
3
4 E Dipole -q q Dipole moment a Electric dipole Whenever the centres of positive and negative charges are displaced from one another an electric dipole is borne. Dipole moment is defined p E p qa torque Materials Physics MT
5 Electric polarization E There are two types of media: permanent electric dipoles no electric dipoles A medium that can be polarized by an electric field E is called a dielectric. Polarization p P dipole moment/m V 3 Materials Physics MT
6 d -Q E Q Positive surface charge Negative surface charge Electric polarization Polarization gives rise to net (immobile) charges on the surfaces. Note: the internal electric field is opposite to the external one field inside is less than outside P p V Qd V Qd Ad Q A 6
7 A Field inside C 2 is less than in C 1 C 1 C 2 Electric polarization Two parallel plate capacitors. One empty, the other filled with dielectric material. Ratio of capacitances is d r C C 2 e 1 C 1 0 A d C 2 A d e r 0 e is called dielectric constant of the material Is also called relative permittivity ε r 7
8 Electric polarization The change in total charge is e Q P e A E E 0 0 e 0 e is called electric susceptibility. A C 1 C 2 d C 1 0 A d C 2 A d 8
9 Electric polarization Generally polarization P is proportional to the external electric field E: Q P P e 0E 1 1 e e A E E so that e is constant. For most materials e is a positive (dimensionless) number. is vacuum permittivity
10 Polarisability α Materials polarise differently a) Charge cloud around the atom is deformed in electric field electronic polarisability b) Chaged ions are displaced ionic polarisability c) Molecules can have permanent dipoles orientational polarisability d) Mobile charges (electrons, holes etc.) space charge polarisability 10
11 Clausius-Mossoti relations Polarisability α Polarisability of a material in relation to relative permittivity ε r : where N is number of atoms (or formula units of the structure) per unit volume α polarisability of isotropic material E local E local E local E local E local E local Local field is uniform in isotropic materials 3 Where 1 11
12 Polarisability 12
13 Ferroelectricity In certain materials the orientation of polarization remains after removal of E. These are called ferroelectric materials. Examples: PZT (Pb[ZrO 3 ][TiO 3 ], lead zirconate titanate) BaTiO 3 (barium titanate) Applications: capacitors, sensors, actuators 13
14 Remnant polarization or remanence P Hysteresis polarization may take place in domains. At saturation the sample is like one big domain. E As the electric field is reversed, some of the domains remain in their original polarizations. Coercive field 14
15 -F F V Piezoelectricity Some materials generate surface charges when pressed. These are called piezoelectric materials. Examples: crystalline quartz titanates, zirconates 15
16 -F Piezoelectricity Explanation - - schematically: - - turning of the dipoles Application: vibration sensors acoustic emitters F 16
17 Electric polarization Dielectric properties of solids are determined by the number and orientation of electric dipole moments an external electric E field tends to turn the dipoles (parallel or antiparallel) to E in certain materials the orientation remains (ferroelectric materials) after removal of E 17
18 18
19 Lead zirconate titanate 19
20 20
21 Porous polypropylene 21
22 Effect of tension 22
23 Piezoelectric effect 23
24 Polyvinylidene fluoride 24
25 25
26 26
27 27
28 Activating Exercises Explain by schematics 1) The difference between: (a) ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity (b) Electronic and ionic polarisablity of a material 2) What is poling? 28
Electrical Properties
Electrical Properties Electrical Conduction R Ohm s law V = IR I l Area, A V where I is current (Ampere), V is voltage (Volts) and R is the resistance (Ohms or ) of the conductor Resistivity Resistivity,
More informationClassification of Dielectrics & Applications
Classification of Dielectrics & Applications DIELECTRICS Non-Centro- Symmetric Piezoelectric Centro- Symmetric Pyroelectric Non- Pyroelectric Ferroelectrics Non-Ferroelectric Piezoelectric Effect When
More informationPIEZOELECTRIC TECHNOLOGY PRIMER
PIEZOELECTRIC TECHNOLOGY PRIMER James R. Phillips Sr. Member of Technical Staff CTS Wireless Components 4800 Alameda Blvd. N.E. Albuquerque, New Mexico 87113 Piezoelectricity The piezoelectric effect is
More informationDielectric Materials: Properties and Applications
Dielectric Materials: Properties and Applications Content 1. Dielectrics : Properties 2. Fundamental definitions and Properties of electric dipole 3. Various polarization mechanisms involved in dielectric
More informationElectrical material properties
Electrical material properties U = I R Ohm s law R = ρ (l/a) ρ resistivity l length σ = 1/ρ σ conductivity A area σ = n q μ n conc. of charge carriers q their charge μ their mobility μ depends on T, defects,
More informationChap. 7. Dielectric Materials and Insulation
Chap. 7. Dielectric Materials and Insulation - The parallel plate capacitor with free space as an insulator: - The electric dipole moment for a pair of opposite changes +Q and -Q separated by a finite
More informationClass 6 : Insulating Materials
Class 6 : Insulating Materials What is an insulator? Electric dipoles Polarization of an insulator, and how it modifies electric field Electric displacement Boundary conditions for E Recap (1) Maxwell
More informationTransduction Based on Changes in the Energy Stored in an Electrical Field
Lecture 7-1 Transduction Based on Changes in the Energy Stored in an Electrical Field - Electrostriction The electrostrictive effect is a quadratic dependence of strain or stress on the polarization P
More informationCHAPTER 6 DIELECTRIC AND CONDUCTIVITY STUDIES OF ZIRCONIUM TIN TITANATE (ZST)
123 CHAPTER 6 DIELECTRIC AND CONDUCTIVITY STUDIES OF ZIRCONIUM TIN TITANATE (ZST) 6.1 INTRODUCTION We know that zirconium tin titanate ceramics are mostly used in microwave frequency applications. Previous
More informationESO 205 Nature and Properties of Materials
Dielectric Materials Topics to discuss Principles of dielectrics Dielectrics Loss and Breakdown Polarizations Frequency dependence Ferro-, Piezo- and Pyro- electrics ESO 205 Nature and Properties of Materials
More informationMaterials and Devices in Electrical Engineering
Examination WS 02/03 Materials and Devices in Electrical Engineering Monday 17 th of March, 9:00 11:00, International Department, SR. 203 Notice 1. It is allowed to use any kind of aids (books, scripts,
More informationIntroduction to solid state physics
PHYS 342/555 Introduction to solid state physics Instructor: Dr. Pengcheng Dai Professor of Physics The University of Tennessee (Room 407A, Nielsen, 974-1509) Chapter 13: Dielectrics and ferroelectrics
More informationME 515 Mechatronics. Overview of Computer based Control System
ME 515 Mechatronics Introduction to Sensors I Asanga Ratnaweera Department of Faculty of Engineering University of Peradeniya Tel: 081239 (3627) Email: asangar@pdn.ac.lk Overview of Computer based Control
More informationAddition 1. Shear Stack Piezoelectric Elements and Shear Effect Basics
120 Addition 1 Shear Stack Piezoelectric Elements and Shear Effect Basics Introduction The STM scanner built up in this work is a Besocke type scanner (see room temperature STM instrumental chapter). The
More informationDielectrics 9.1 INTRODUCTION 9.2 DIELECTRIC CONSTANT
9 Dielectrics 9.1 INTRODUCTION A dielectric is an insulating material in which all the electrons are tightly bound to the nuclei of the atoms and there are no free electrons available for the conduction
More informationHighly piezoelectric, thermal stable ferroelectrets from cyclic olefin copolymer. Yan Li, Hui Wang, Changchun Zeng ANTEC 2015, Orlando
Highly piezoelectric, thermal stable ferroelectrets from cyclic olefin copolymer Yan Li, Hui Wang, Changchun Zeng ANTEC 2015, Orlando Content 1. Introduction 2. COC ferroelectret 3. Hybrid COC-PDMS ferroelectret
More informationPiezoelectric Materials and Devices
Piezoelectric Materials and Devices Applications in Engineering and Medical Sciences M. S. VIJAYA CRC Press Taylor & Francis Croup Boca Raton London NewYork CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis
More informationChapter 4. Electrostatic Fields in Matter
Chapter 4. Electrostatic Fields in Matter 4.1. Polarization 4.2. The Field of a Polarized Object 4.3. The Electric Displacement 4.4. Linear Dielectrics 4.5. Energy in dielectric systems 4.6. Forces on
More informationUser s Manual. STUDY OF DIELECTRIC CONSTANT Model: DEC-01
User s Manual STUDY OF DIELECTRIC CONSTANT Model: DEC-01 Manufactured by.. Scientific Equipment & Services 358/1, New Adarsh Nagar, Roorkee - 247 667, UA, INDIA Ph.: +91-1332-272852, 277118 Fax: +91-1332-274831
More informationCOURSE OUTLINE. Introduction Signals and Noise Filtering Sensors: Piezoelectric Force Sensors. Sensors, Signals and Noise 1
Sensors, Signals and Noise 1 COURSE OUTLINE Introduction Signals and Noise Filtering Sensors: Piezoelectric Force Sensors Piezoelectric Force Sensors 2 Piezoelectric Effect and Materials Piezoelectric
More information3.3 Capacitance, relative permittivity & dielectrics 4
3.3 Capacitance, relative permittivity & dielectrics 4 +Q d E Gaussian surface Voltage, V Q Fig. 3.2. Parallel plate capacitor with the plates separated by a distance d which have been charged by a power
More informationCreation of DIPOLE (two poles) (distortion of crystal structure by the small displacement of the ion in direction of electric field)
Dielectricity Dielectric materials: Materials which is generally insulators. Under applied electric field, there is a tiny movement of charge inside the material. Electric field Creation of DIPOLE (two
More information7.Piezoelectric, Accelerometer and Laser Sensors
7.Piezoelectric, Accelerometer and Laser Sensors 7.1 Piezoelectric sensors: (Silva p.253) Piezoelectric materials such as lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) can generate electrical charge and potential difference
More informationCharacterisation of barium titanate-silver composites part II: Electrical properties
J MATER SCI 41 (2006)3845 3851 Characterisation of barium titanate-silver composites part II: Electrical properties S. PANTENY, C. R. BOWEN, R. STEVENS Materials Research Centre, Department of Engineering
More informationLecture 16 Dielectrics: Dipole, Polarization
Lecture 16 Dielectrics: Dipole, olarization Sections: 4.7, 5.7 Homework: See homework file Electric Dipole and its Dipole Moment electric dipole: two point charges of equal charge but opposite polarity
More informationInternal Fields in Solids: (Lorentz Method)
Internal Fields in Solids: (Lorentz Method) Let a dielectric be placed between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor and let there be an imaginary spherical cavity around the atom A inside the dielectric.
More informationI. INTRODUCTION II. SAMPLE PREPARATION JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS VOLUME 92, NUMBER 5 1 SEPTEMBER
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS VOLUME 92, NUMBER 5 1 SEPTEMBER 2002 Longitudinal and transverse piezoelectric coefficients of lead zirconate titanateõvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene composites with different
More informationPiezo materials. Actuators Sensors Generators Transducers. Piezoelectric materials may be used to produce e.g.: Piezo materials Ver1404
Noliac Group develops and manufactures piezoelectric materials based on modified lead zirconate titanate (PZT) of high quality and tailored for custom specifications. Piezoelectric materials may be used
More informationPiezoelectric Resonators ME 2082
Piezoelectric Resonators ME 2082 Introduction K T : relative dielectric constant of the material ε o : relative permittivity of free space (8.854*10-12 F/m) h: distance between electrodes (m - material
More informationFerroelectric materials contain one or more polar axes along which a spontaneous
Chapter 3 Ferroelectrics 3.1 Definition and properties Ferroelectric materials contain one or more polar axes along which a spontaneous polarization can be developed below the material s Curie temperature.
More informationProperties of Materials
Tao Deng, dengtao@sjtu.edu.cn 1 1896 1920 1987 2006 Properties of Materials Chapter 3 Electrical Properties of Materials Tao Deng 3.1.4.4 The superconducting tunneling effect (Josephson effect) Tao Deng,
More informationChapter 24 Capacitance and Dielectrics
Chapter 24 Capacitance and Dielectrics Lecture by Dr. Hebin Li Goals for Chapter 24 To understand capacitors and calculate capacitance To analyze networks of capacitors To calculate the energy stored in
More informationAML 883 Properties and selection of engineering materials
AML 883 Properties and selection of engineering materials LECTURE 17. Electrical properties M P Gururajan Email: guru.courses@gmail.com Room No. MS 207/A 3 Phone: 1340 Types of electric behaviour Conduction
More informationELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES Introduction The objective of this chapter is to explore the electrical properties of materials, i.e. their responses to an applied electric field. We begin with the phenomenon of
More informationLecture contents Review: Few concepts from physics Electric field
1 Lecture contents Review: Few concepts from physics Electric field Coulomb law, Gauss law, Poisson equation, dipole, capacitor Conductors and isolators 1 Electric current Dielectric constant Overview
More informationFerroelectric Ceramic Technology for Sensors. Jim McIntosh Ceramic Operations Manager PCB Piezotronics
Ferroelectric Ceramic Technology for Sensors Jim McIntosh Ceramic Operations Manager PCB Piezotronics Overview Ferroelectricity versus Piezoelectricity Historical Background Ferroelectric Ceramic Composition
More informationFINITE ELEMENT MODELLING OF COMPOSITES USING PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIAL
International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science Volume 3, Issue 4, July-August, 2015 FINITE ELEMENT MODELLING OF COMPOSITES USING PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIAL K.TEJASWINI, tejaswinikota11@gmail.com.,
More informationChapter 2. Dielectric Theories
Chapter Dielectric Theories . Dielectric Theories 1.1. Introduction Measurements of dielectric properties of materials is very important because it provide vital information regarding the material characteristics,
More informationPhysics 169. Luis anchordoqui. Kitt Peak National Observatory. Thursday, February 22, 18
Physics 169 Kitt Peak National Observatory Luis anchordoqui 1 4.1 Capacitors A capacitor is a system of two conductors that carries equal and opposite charges A capacitor stores charge and energy in the
More informationEnergy Stored in Capacitors
Energy Stored in Capacitors U = 1 2 qv q = CV U = 1 2 CV 2 q 2 or U = 1 2 C 37 Energy Density in Capacitors (1) We define the, u, as the electric potential energy per unit volume Taking the ideal case
More informationMicromechanical modeling and simulation of piezoceramic materials
Micromechanical modeling and simulation of piezoceramic materials B. Delibas 1, A. Arockia Rajan 1 & W. Seemann 2 1 Workgroup for Machine Dynamics, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Germany 2 Institut
More informationMaterials and Devices in Electrical Engineering
Examination WS 01/02 Materials and Devices in Electrical Engineering Monday 11 th of March, 9:00 to 11:00, SR 203, International Department building It is allowed to use any kind of media (books, scripts,
More informationGauss s Law. q 4. The Gaussian surfaces do not have to be spheres. Constant flux through any closed surface.
The beauty of 1/R 2 Gauss s Law For a single point charge: The density of field lines signifies field strength, 1/R 2. Surface area 1/R 2. Constant flux of field lines through spheres, regardless of R.
More informationINSTRUCTIONAL MANUAL. CURIE TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT (For Ferroelectric Materials) Applied Science Department NITTTR, Sector-26, Chandigarh
INSTRUTIONAL MANUAL URIE TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT (For Ferroelectric Materials) Applied Science Department NITTTR, Sector-26, handigarh urie Temperature Measurement OBJETIE: Measurement of urie Temperature
More informationPiezoelectricity: Basics and applications. Friday Morning Meeting, Technical Talk Petar Jurcevic
Piezoelectricity: Basics and applications Friday Morning Meeting, 30.07.2010 Technical Talk Petar Jurcevic 1 Overview -A simple molecular model -Mathematical modelling -Some general notes -Overview Motors
More informationSynthesis and Ferroelectric Properties of KNO 3 films
Synthesis and Ferroelectric Properties of KNO 3 films Shahid Ramay and Muhammad Sabieh Anwar LUMS School of Science and Engineering Friday, August, 20, 2010 Potassium nitrate (KNO 3 ) shows ferroelectric
More informationACOUSTIC EMISSION MEASUREMENTS ON PIEZOELECTRIC/ FERROELECTRIC MATERIALS
ACOUSTIC EMISSION MEASUREMENTS ON PIEZOELECTRIC/ FERROELECTRIC MATERIALS HIDEAKI ABURATANI Kitakyushu National College of Technology, Kokura-minami, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan Abstract Ferroelectric materials
More informationLocal Field. Estimate for E indiv?-some sort of average?
&M Lecture 6 Topics: (1) Local Field in a dielectric medium (2) Clausius-Mossotti equation (3) non-uniform polarisation (4) lectric displacement (5) Origins of volume bound charge density Local Field the
More informationF 10 Electrical Poling of Polymers
University of Potsdam, Institute of Physics Advanced lab experiments May 28, 2002 F 10 Electrical Poling of Polymers Tutor: Dr. Michael Wegener * Contents 1 Introduction 2 2 Tasks 3 3 Theoretical background
More informationMaterials and Devices in Electrical Engineering
Solution for Examination WS 0/0 Materials and Devices in Electrical Engineering Monday 17 th of March, 9:00 11:00, International Department, SR. 0 Notice 1. It is allowed to use any kind of aids (books,
More informationPolarization. D =e i E=k i e o E =e o E+ P
Dielectrics Polarization a perfect insulator or a dielectric is the material with no free charge carriers. if an electric field, E, is applied to the insulator no charge flow. However in the presence of
More informationPiezoelectric and Ferroelectric materials. Zaahir Salam
Piezoelectric and Ferroelectric materials Zaahir Salam Some Basic Terms Dielectric Material- The Cumulative effect of microscopic displacements (charges,ions,electrons) results in Net Polarization due
More informationGauss s Law. q 4. The Gaussian surfaces do not have to be spheres. Constant flux through any closed surface.
The beauty of 1/R 2 Gauss s Law For a single point charge: The density of field lines signifies field strength, 1/R 2. Surface area 1/R 2. Constant flux of field lines through spheres, regardless of R.
More informationSmart elastomers a touch of robotics
Smart elastomers a touch of robotics Chris Bowen, Vince Coveney, Hamideh Khanbareh, Mengying Xie Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath 30 June 2017 BRL Introduction 1. Fundamentals of
More informationThe Science & Engineering of Materials Semiconductors. 주요반도체재료에서전자와홀의 mobility 대표적인값은? 어떤 carrier 가빠른지?
18.6 Semiconductors 주요반도체재료에서전자와홀의 mobility 대표적인값은? 어떤 carrier 가빠른지? 18.6 Semiconductors [Fig. 18-16] - + When a voltage is applied to a semiconductor, the electrons move through the conduction band, while
More informationChapter 24: Capacitance and Dielectrics
hapter 4: apacitance and Dielectrics apacitor: two conductors (separated by an insulator) usually oppositely charged a + b - ab proportional to charge = / ab (defines capacitance) units: F = / pc4: The
More informationTransduction Based on Changes in the Energy Stored in an Electrical Field
Lecture 6-1 Transduction Based on Changes in the Energy Stored in an Electrical Field Electric Field and Forces Suppose a charged fixed q 1 in a space, an exploring charge q is moving toward the fixed
More informationPrinciples of Active Vibration Control: Piezoelectric materials
Principles of Active Vibration Control: Piezoelectric materials Introduction: Piezoelectric materials are materials that produce a voltage when stress is applied. Since, this effect also applies in the
More informationChapter 25. Capacitance
Chapter 25 Capacitance 25.2: Capacitance: 25.2: Capacitance: When a capacitor is charged, its plates have charges of equal magnitudes but opposite signs: q+ and q-. However, we refer to the charge of a
More informationReading: Electrostatics 3. Key concepts: Capacitance, energy storage, dielectrics, energy in the E-field.
Reading: Electrostatics 3. Key concepts: Capacitance, energy storage, dielectrics, energy in the E-field. 1.! Questions about charging and discharging capacitors. When an uncharged capacitor is connected
More informationDielectrics - III. Lecture 22: Electromagnetic Theory. Professor D. K. Ghosh, Physics Department, I.I.T., Bombay
Dielectrics - III Lecture 22: Electromagnetic Theory Professor D. K. Ghosh, Physics Department, I.I.T., Bombay We continue with our discussion of dielectric medium. Example : Dielectric Sphere in a uniform
More informationFerroelectricity. Phase transition. Material properties. 4/12/2011 Physics 403 Spring
Ferroelectricity. Phase transition. Material properties 4/12/211 Physics 43 Spring 211 1 Ferroelectricity. outline Ferroelectricity. Definition Discovery Main properties Phenomenological theory Some materials
More informationDiscipline Course-I. Semester-II. Paper No: Electricity and Magnetism. Lesson: Polarization and Dielectric Materials
Discipline CourseI SemesterII Paper No: Electricity and Magnetism Lesson: Polarization and Dielectric Materials Lesson Developer: Dr. Amit Choudhary College/ Department: Physics Department, Deshbandhu
More informationINDIAN SCHOOL MUSCAT FIRST TERM EXAMINATION PHYSICS
Roll Number SET NO. General Instructions: INDIAN SCHOOL MUSCAT FIRST TERM EXAMINATION PHYSICS CLASS: XII Sub. Code: 04 Time Allotted: Hrs 0.04.08 Max. Marks: 70. All questions are compulsory. There are
More informationTRANSDUCERS. An Introduction
TRANSDUCERS An Introduction TRANSDUCERS A transducer is a device that converts energy from one form to another Energy forms can be mechanical, visual, aural, electrical, thermal, chemical, etc. (examples
More informationDielectric, Ferroelectric, and Optical Properties
NE3rd.book Seite 33 Dienstag, 4. Februar 0 7:4 9 Dielectric, Ferroelectric, and Optical Properties Susanne Hoffmann-Eifert, Peter Grünberg Institute & JARA-FIT, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany Dieter
More informationPart II Electrical Properties of Materials
Part II Electrical Properties of Materials Chap. 7 Electrical Conduction in Metals and Alloys Chap. 8 Semiconductors Chap. 9 9.1 Conducting Polymers and Organic Metals Polymers consist of (macro)molecules
More informationModelling of Different MEMS Pressure Sensors using COMSOL Multiphysics
International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology E-ISSN 2277 4106, P-ISSN 2347 5161 2017 INPRESSCO, All Rights Reserved Available at http://inpressco.com/category/ijcet Research Article Modelling
More informationElectricity & Optics
Physics 24100 Electricity & Optics Lecture 9 Chapter 24 sec. 3-5 Fall 2017 Semester Professor Koltick Parallel Plate Capacitor Area, A C = ε 0A Two Parallel Plate Capacitors Area, A 1 C 1 = ε 0A 1 Area,
More informationFerroelectric Materials
Ferroelectric Materials The permanent electric dipole moment possessed by all pyroelectric [polar] materials may, in certain cases, be reoriented by the application of an electric field. Such crystals
More informationPiezoelectric Fabrics for Energy Harvesting F06-GT05
Piezoelectric Fabrics for Energy Harvesting F06-GT05 Project Leader: Principal Investigators: François M. Guillot, Georgia Institute of Technology, ME (francois.guillot@me.gatech.edu) Haskell W. Beckham,
More informationiclicker A metal ball of radius R has a charge q. Charge is changed q -> - 2q. How does it s capacitance changed?
1 iclicker A metal ball of radius R has a charge q. Charge is changed q -> - 2q. How does it s capacitance changed? q A: C->2 C0 B: C-> C0 C: C-> C0/2 D: C->- C0 E: C->-2 C0 2 iclicker A metal ball of
More informationDielectric Polarization, Bound Charges, and the Electric Displacement Field
Dielectric Polarization, Bound Charges, and the Electric Displacement Field Any kind of matter is full of positive and negative electric charges. In a, these charges are bound they cannot move separately
More informationCOLLEGE PHYSICS Chapter 19 ELECTRIC POTENTIAL AND ELECTRIC FIELD
COLLEGE PHYSICS Chapter 19 ELECTRIC POTENTIAL AND ELECTRIC FIELD Electric Potential Energy and Electric Potential Difference It takes work to move a charge against an electric field. Just as with gravity,
More informationChapter 24: Capacitance and Dielectrics. Capacitor: two conductors (separated by an insulator) usually oppositely charged. (defines capacitance)
hapter 4: apacitance and Dielectrics apacitor: two conductors (separated by an insulator) usually oppositely charged a b - ab proportional to charge / ab (defines capacitance) units: F / pc4: The parallel
More informationElectricity & Magnetism Study Questions for the Spring 2018 Department Exam December 4, 2017
Electricity & Magnetism Study Questions for the Spring 2018 Department Exam December 4, 2017 1. a. Find the capacitance of a spherical capacitor with inner radius l i and outer radius l 0 filled with dielectric
More informationClass 11 : Magnetic materials
Class 11 : Magnetic materials Magnetic dipoles Magnetization of a medium, and how it modifies magnetic field Magnetic intensity How does an electromagnet work? Boundary conditions for B Recap (1) Electric
More informationDepolarization of a piezoelectric film under an alternating current field
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 101, 054108 2007 Depolarization of a piezoelectric film under an alternating current field K. W. Kwok, a M. K. Cheung, H. L. W. Chan, and C. L. Choy Department of Applied Physics
More informationUNIT I CONDUCTING MATERIALS 1. What are the merits of classical free electron theory? (i) It is used to verify Ohm s law. (ii) It is used to explain electrical and thermal conductivities of metals. (iii)
More information7. A capacitor has been charged by a D C source. What are the magnitude of conduction and displacement current, when it is fully charged?
1. In which Orientation, a dipole placed in uniform electric field is in (a) stable (b) unstable equilibrium. 2. Two point charges having equal charges separated by 1 m in distance experience a force of
More informationNDT&E Methods: UT Ultrasound Generation
CAVITY INSPECTION NDT&E Methods: UT Ultrasound Generation VJ Technologies NDT&E Methods: UT 6. NDT&E: Introduction to Methods 6.1. Ultrasonic Testing: Basics of Elasto-Dynamics 6.2. Ultrasonic Testing:
More informationThe next two questions pertain to the situation described below. Consider a parallel plate capacitor with separation d:
PHYS 102 Exams Exam 2 PRINT (A) The next two questions pertain to the situation described below. Consider a parallel plate capacitor with separation d: It is connected to a battery with constant emf V.
More informationPhysics (
Question 2.12: A charge of 8 mc is located at the origin. Calculate the work done in taking a small charge of 2 10 9 C from a point P (0, 0, 3 cm) to a point Q (0, 4 cm, 0), via a point R (0, 6 cm, 9 cm).
More informationChapter 4. Electric Fields in Matter
Chapter 4. Electric Fields in Matter 4.1.2 Induced Dipoles What happens to a neutral atom when it is placed in an electric field E? The atom now has a tiny dipole moment p, in the same direction as E.
More information3 Constitutive Relations: Macroscopic Properties of Matter
EECS 53 Lecture 3 c Kamal Sarabandi Fall 21 All rights reserved 3 Constitutive Relations: Macroscopic Properties of Matter As shown previously, out of the four Maxwell s equations only the Faraday s and
More information(3.5.1) V E x, E, (3.5.2)
Lecture 3.5 Capacitors Today we shall continue our discussion of electrostatics and, in particular, the concept of electrostatic potential energy and electric potential. The main example which we have
More informationTemperature Dependence of the Dielectric, Elastic and Piezoelectric Material Constants of Lead Zirconate Titanate Ceramics
Temperature Dependence of the Dielectric, Elastic and Piezoelectric Material Constants of Lead Zirconate Titanate Ceramics S. Sherrit, G. Yang, H.D. Wiederick and B.K. Mukherjee Department of Physics,
More informationChapter Three: Propagation of light waves
Chapter Three Propagation of Light Waves CHAPTER OUTLINE 3.1 Maxwell s Equations 3.2 Physical Significance of Maxwell s Equations 3.3 Properties of Electromagnetic Waves 3.4 Constitutive Relations 3.5
More informationDuring such a time interval, the MOS is said to be in "deep depletion" and the only charge present in the semiconductor is the depletion charge.
Q1 (a) If we apply a positive (negative) voltage step to a p-type (n-type) MOS capacitor, which is sufficient to generate an inversion layer at equilibrium, there is a time interval, after the step, when
More informationGeneral Physics II. Conducting concentric spheres Two concentric spheres of radii R and r. The potential difference between the spheres is
apacitors and Dielectrics The ideas of energy storage in E-fields can be carried a step further by understanding the concept of "apacitance" onsider a sphere with a total charge, Q, and a radius, R From
More informationE&M. 1 Capacitors. January 2009
E&M January 2009 1 Capacitors Consider a spherical capacitor which has the space between its plates filled with a dielectric of permittivity ɛ. The inner sphere has radius r 1 and the outer sphere has
More informationExamination paper for TFY4245 Faststoff-fysikk, videregående kurs
Side 1 av 6 Department of Physics xamination paper for TFY445 Faststoff-fysikk, videregående kurs Academic contact during examination: Ragnvald Mathiesen Phone: 976913 xamination date: 0.06.015 xamination
More informationINVESTIGATIONS OF POLARIZATION SWITCHING OVER BROAD TIME AND FIELD DOMAINS IN VARIOUS FERROELECTRICS
INVESTIGATIONS OF POLARIZATION SWITCHING OVER BROAD TIME AND FIELD DOMAINS IN VARIOUS FERROELECTRICS BY B. S., University of Technology of Compiegne, France, 2002 THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment
More informationCapacitance. Chapter 21 Chapter 25. K = C / C o V = V o / K. 1 / Ceq = 1 / C / C 2. Ceq = C 1 + C 2
= Chapter 21 Chapter 25 Capacitance K = C / C o V = V o / K 1 / Ceq = 1 / C 1 + 1 / C 2 Ceq = C 1 + C 2 Copyright 25-2 Capacitance 25.01 Sketch a schematic diagram of a circuit with a parallel-plate capacitor,
More information2A.1. Lecture 2A Conductors and Insulators. The Bohr Atom
. Lecture Conductors and Insulators The Bohr atom. The energy barrier. Bound and free charges. Conduction. ielectrics. The electric dipole. ffect of Boundaries. Polarisation. Ferroelectrics. Breakdown
More informationMagnetic Materials. 1. Magnetization 2. Potential and field of a magnetized object
Magnetic Materials 1. Magnetization 2. Potential and field of a magnetized object 3. H-field 4. Susceptibility and permeability 5. Boundary conditions 6. Magnetic field energy and magnetic pressure 1 Magnetic
More informationElectromagnetism II. Cristina Lazzeroni Lecture 5
Electromagnetism II Cristina Lazzeroni c.lazzeroni@bham.ac.uk Lecture 5 Maxwell s equations for free space They apply simultaneously at any given point in free space. How do they change in presence of
More informationChapter 8: Magnetic and Electrical Properties
Chapter 8: Magnetic and Electrical Properties 1 In solids, properties of individual atoms can interact cooperatively to produce effects not found in fluids. Magnetic Susceptibility: magnetic field produces
More informationIntroduction to the Radiant EDU
Introduction to the Radiant EDU Radiant Technologies, Inc., Albuquerque, NM USA radiant@ferrodevices.com Rev D April 4, 2013 Summary Radiant Technologies has created the Radiant EDU, a low-cost, simple
More informationSwitching Current Study: Hysteresis Measurement of Ferroelectric Capacitors using Current-Voltage Measurement Method
Chapter 7 Switching Current Study: Hysteresis Measurement of Ferroelectric Capacitors using Current-Voltage Measurement Method 7-1. Introduction Over the past few decades, various methods for obtaining
More information