Kamalo, Molokai 21 o N 156 o W
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1 Kamalo, Molokai 21 o N 156 o W Management Status: Open access Area Description: Wide coastal plain with muddy sand beach shoreline. Residential area. Inner reef flat silty sand. Outer flat deeper with coarser sediments, increasing in coral cover near the outer margin. Reef slope shows good coral cover. "Blue holes" unique area features lie to the east of Kamalo. Eastern (upwind) "blue hole" vertical faces high coral cover with low cover on the western (wave impacted) edge. Kamalo Harbor built before the 1860's and once a major island harbor facility. Kamalo wharf and harbor currently used only by local residents. Southern exposure, sheltered. Reef regenerated from previous dredging and sedimentation. Benthic Habitat Data: 3 m Sediment Composition (% wt.) Sediment Grain Size (% wt.) Depth (m) Rugosity LOI H 2 CO 3 Gravel Coarse Fine Silt Mean S.D Video Transect data (3 m): % Cover: Species Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Cyphastrea ocellina Fungia scutaria Leptastrea purpurea Montipora flabellata Montipora patula Montipora studeri Montipora verrucosa Pavona duerdeni Pavona maldivensis Pavona varians Pocillopora damicornis Pocillopora eydouxi Pocillopora ligulata Pocillopora meandrina Porites brighami Porites compressa Porites evermanni Porites lichen Porites lobata Porites rus Psammocora nierstraszi Unknown Coral Total Coral Species Richness: Macroalgae
2 % Cover: Species Mean SD Mean SD Cyphastrea ocellina Fungia scutaria Leptastrea purpurea Montipora flabellata Montipora patula Montipora studeri Montipora verrucosa Pavona duerdeni Pavona maldivensis Pavona varians Pocillopora damicornis Pocillopora eydouxi Pocillopora ligulata Pocillopora meandrina Porites brighami Porites compressa Porites evermanni Porites lichen Porites lobata Porites rus Psammocora nierstraszi Unknown Coral Total Coral Species Richness: 7 8 Macroalgae Kamalo 3m Coral % Cover
3 Photoquadrat Data (3 m): Photo analysis pending Findings: Initial coral cover rank is 3 among 60 reefs. However, coral cover declined significantly (p<001) between the 2 sampling periods, primarily as a result of a drop in Montipora capitata. Low levels of macroalgae. High percentage of crustose coralline algae with low level of turf algae. High percentage of fine sediments with low content of terrigenous material. No rare or unusual species observed. 154
4 Kamalo, Molokai Benthic Habitat: 10 m Sediment Composition (% wt.) Sediment Grain Size (% wt.) Depth (m) Rugosity LOI H 2CO 3 Gravel Coarse Fine Silt Mean S.D No sediment located on transect Video Transect data (10 m): % Cover: Species Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Cyphastrea ocellina Fungia scutaria Leptastrea purpurea Montipora flabellata Montipora patula Montipora studeri Montipora verrucosa Pavona duerdeni Pavona maldivensis Pavona varians Pocillopora damicornis Pocillopora eydouxi Pocillopora ligulata Pocillopora meandrina Porites brighami Porites compressa Porites evermanni Porites lichen Porites lobata Porites rus Psammocora nierstraszi Unknown Coral Total Coral Species Richness: Macroalgae % Cover: Species Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mea n SD Cyphastrea ocellina Fungia scutaria Leptastrea purpurea Montipora flabellata Montipora patula Montipora studeri Montipora verrucosa Pavona duerdeni Pavona maldivensis Pavona varians Pocillopora damicornis Pocillopora eydouxi Pocillopora ligulata Pocillopora meandrina Porites brighami Porites compressa
5 Porites evermanni Porites lichen Porites lobata Porites rus Psammocora nierstraszi Unknown Coral Total Coral Species Richness: 7 7 Macroalgae Kamalo 10m Coral % Cover Photoquadrat Data (10 m): Photo analysis pending Findings: Initial coral cover rank is 2 among 60 reefs. However, coral cover declined significantly (p<001) between the 2 sampling periods, primarily as a result of a drop in Montipora capitata and Porites compressa. Low level of macroalgae. High percentage of crustose coralline algae and low turf algae. Sediment input presumed low. Pavona maldivensis presence notable as this species is not common to sites surveyed. 156
6 Kamalo, Molokai Density (#/125m²) Biomass (g/125m²) Fish Data: 3 m and 10 m 3 m 10 m 3 m 10 m Species Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Abudefduf abdominalis Acanthurus nigrofuscus Acanthurus triostegus Aprion virescens Canthigaster jactator Centropyge potteri Chaetodon lunula Chaetodon multicinctus Chlorurus perspicillatus Chlorurus sordidus Chromis agilis Chromis hanui Chromis ovalis Chromis vanderbilti Cirrhitops fasciatus Cirripectes vanderbilti Ctenochaetus strigosus Exallias brevis Forcipiger flavissimus Gomphosus varius Gymnothorax meleagris Halichoeres ornatissimus Labroides phthirophagus Melichthys niger Melichthys vidua Naso lituratus Oxycheilinus unifasciatus Pervagor aspricaudus Plectroglyphidodon johnstonianus Pseudocheilinus octotaenia Pseudocheilinus tetrataenia Scarus psittacus Scarus rubroviolaceus Stegastes fasciolatus Stethojulis balteata Thalassoma ballieui Thalassoma duperrey Zanclus cornutus Zebrasoma flavescens Total/Depth Avg ± SD: Species Richness Species Diversity Findings: Among 60 reefs, Kamalo 3m ranked 44 in species richness, 33 in density, 37 in biomass, and 29 in diversity. Kamalo 10m ranked 50 in species richness, 41 in density, 44 in biomass, and 38 in diversity. The most abundant species was the Brown surgeonfish (Acanthurus nigrofuscus) at both the 3m and 10m reefs respectively. The species with the highest biomass were the Bullethead parrotfish (Chlorurus sordidus) and the Goldring surgeonfish (Ctenochaetus strigosus) at the 3m and 10m reefs respectively. No rare or unusual species observed. 157
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