Fundamental Physics in Space S. Vitale, University of Trento ESO-Garching S. Vitale 1
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1 Fundamental Physics in Space S. Vitale, University of Trento ESO-Garching S. Vitale 1
2 Using Space to Investigate Fundamental Laws of Physics: Quantum measurements, entanglement, de-coherence Standard (and beyond) Model of Particles and Universe Classical tests of General Relativity Quantum gravity Gravitational Waves, extreme gravitational field and event horizon physics.. ESO-Garching S. Vitale 2
3 LISA/LISA PF Microscope/GPB (STEP) HYPER/ACES AMS/EUSO Gravitational Waves Observatory and the Physics of Black-Holes and Extreme Gravitational Fields High Precision Equivalence Principle Test and the Search for New Long Range Interactions. Tests of General Relativity Cold-Atoms, Matter-Wave Interferometry and the Next Generation Gravitational Sensors Anti-matter/Extreme energy cosmic rays ESO-Garching S. Vitale 3
4 Why Space? Purity of free-fall relative acceleration ms Time (s) ESO-Garching S. Vitale 4
5 Ground Interferometers Accelerometers & suspended bench Torsion balance (no-quadrupole sensitivity) relative acceleration ms Newtonian quadrupole noise Time (s) ESO-Garching S. Vitale 5
6 Interferometers Accelerometers & suspended bench Torsion balance relative acceleration ms Length (m) Time (s) ESO-Garching S. Vitale 6
7 «GravityProbe B» Proposal by L.I. Schiff (Stanford University) & G.E. Pugh 1959/60 Precession of a spinning ball modified by the Lense- Thirring effect 42 marcsec/y, precision 1% ESO-Garching S. Vitale 7
8 quantum physics in space: exploiting the ultimate laboratory ν c α 10 y ; 10 ; 10 ν θ ACES ACES : New clocks on board the ISSA PHARAO H-MASER ACES g Time of flight only possible in 0 g µ wave-link two-ways LASER LINK (T2L2) 30 ps/day Universal time reference Worldwide access Validation of space clocks Fundamental Physics tests ESO-Garching S. Vitale 8
9 CNES/ESA 2 Differential accelerometers : EP test at or better Search for long range forces Predicetd by quantum gravity
10 LISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) ESO-Garching S. Vitale 10
11 LISA basics Laser Ranging Source GW Free falling test bodies ESO-Garching S. Vitale 11
12 Test Masses Telescopes Spacecrafts km LISA 3 pairs of free falling test masses ( ms -2 Hz 0.1 mhz) 3 test-mass follower shielding spacecraft 2 semi-independent km Michelson Interferometers with Laser Transponders ( 40 pm Hz -1/2 ) Goal: GW at 0.1 mhz 0.1 Hz 21-3 Strain sensitivity Hz ESO-Garching S. Vitale 12
13 Newtonian Gravitational Noise ESO-Garching S. Vitale 13
14 LISA essentials 1: the smart orbits ESO-Garching S. Vitale 14
15 ESO-Garching S. Vitale 15
16 Angular Resolution with Wave ( f = 16 mhz) LISA Using phase modulation due to orbital motion is equivalent to aperture synthesis. Gives diffraction limit θ = λ/ 1 AU. Measurements on detected sources: - θ ~ 1 1 o - (mass,distance) 1% ESO-Garching S. Vitale 16
17 Something more than an interferometer : 6 independent beams ESO-Garching S. Vitale 17
18 Sagnac combination: insensitive to GW Allows calibration of background noise ESO-Garching S. Vitale 18
19 ESO-Garching S. Vitale 19
20 ESO-Garching S. Vitale 20
21 Galactic Binaries SNR up to 500 in 1 year. Angular esolution srad at SNR 10 Some are standard candles: everything known about the signal. ESO-Garching S. Vitale 21
22 LISA calibration binaries ESO-Garching S. Vitale 22
23 ESO-Garching S. Vitale 23
24 Massive black hole binaries from merging galaxies cores SNR up to 2000 in one year at z 1 3 Angular resolution few -few ESO-Garching S. Vitale 24
25 Binary SMBH-SMBH ESO-Garching S. Vitale 25
26 ESO-Garching S. Vitale 26
27 Gravitational capture High rate. SNR Map of the event horizon Proof of no-hair theorem Direct proof of BH ESO-Garching S. Vitale 27
28 ESO-Garching S. Vitale 28
29 The science case for gravitational capture ESO-Garching S. Vitale 29
30 Signal extraction challenging ESO-Garching S. Vitale 30
31 Stochastic Background ESO-Garching S. Vitale 31
32 Spacecrafts 3 pairs of free falling test masses ( ms -2 Hz 0.1 mhz) Test Masses Telescopes Can it be achieved? Can it be tested? km ESO-Garching S. Vitale 32
33 A Torsion pendulum test bench Test-mass Fiber Electrodes ESO-Garching S. Vitale 33
34 ESO-Garching S. Vitale 34
35 LISA Path Finder (SMART-2) In-flight test: squeezing 1 LISA s arm to 35 cm One order of magnitude from LISA goals km 2 14 ms δa mhz f 30 mhz Hz ESO-Garching S. Vitale 35
36 Test-mass Optical metrology Test-mass Interferometer ESO-Garching S. Vitale 36
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40 ESO-Garching S. Vitale 40
41 Testing quality of free fall S F N Hz Torsion pendulum (surface disturbances) LISA PF LISA ESO-Garching S. Vitale 41
42 ESO-Garching S. Vitale 42
43 LISA-TRIP SUMMARY Assessment of Risk Achieving technology roadmap: Medium Formulation in addition to technology development: Medium Implementation: Medium April 22, ESO-Garching S. Vitale 43
44 ESO-Garching S. Vitale 44
45 The Big Bang Observer ESO-Garching S. Vitale 45
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