The strange (and beautiful) world of Quantum Mechanics
|
|
- Claribel Cross
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1
2 The strange (and beautiful) world of Quantum Mechanics K.L. Sebastian Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore
3 The strange (and beautiful) world of Quantum Mechanics Very frightening Just beautiful!
4 Outline 1. Wave or Particle?..Two slit experiments 2. Uncertainty Principle 3. Standing Waves 4. Stationary States - Atomic Orbitals 5. States of a Quantum System 6. Do we understand Quantum Mechanics? 7. The Path Integral Random Walk
5 With particles (bullets) Two Slit experiments
6 I 1 I I 2 Behavior of bullets is easy to understand LUMPINESS
7 With waves (water waves) I 12 I 1 I I 2
8 1 I / d i s p l a c e m e n t 2 / j à j 2 I 1 = j à 1 j 2
9 2 I 2 = j à 2 j 2
10 I I 1 2 = j à 1 2 j 2 2 à 1 2 = à 1 + à 2
11 Waves interfere! NO LUMPINESS!
12 With electrons Electrons are like bullets - lumps I 1 I 12 I I 2
13 LUMPINESS- INTERFERENCE I 1 2 / j à 1 2 j 2
14 1/1000 mm
15 American Journal of Physics, 57, 117 (1989)
16 This type of behavior was observed first in the case of light! God does not play dice!
17 Newton Light is a beam of particles History EM Theory, hence waves Exhibits interference, hence waves! Huygens Einstein In photoelectric effect, light behaves like particles Maxwell Compton In my scattering expts, light - beam of particles
18 On Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, it is a PARTICLE! On, Tuesdays,Thursdays and Saturdays it is a WAVE! Oh LORD, please, is it a PARTICLE or a WAVE!!??? On Sundays It is both! It has a DUAL NATURE Not only electrons and photons,but EVERYTHING has this dual nature! Exptly shown for protons, neutrons, He atoms, even C 60!
19 C 60 Prof. A. Zeilinger
20 Duality Whom do you see in this picture? A young girl? Old woman?
21 De Broglie - Heisenberg de Broglie Heisenberg
22 Reflection
23
24 Modes of a String - Standing waves
25
26
27
28
29 Standing waves of a bridge
30 On a rectangular membrane Stretched membrane Time dependent wave
31
32
33
34 Stretched membrane No nodes One node One node Two nodes Four nodes Infinite modes
35
36 Box Standing wave patterns in 2D can be formed! Particle in a box
37 From work of Eigler (IBM)
38 From work of Eigler (IBM)
39 From work of Eigler (IBM)
40 - Box + Standing wave patterns in 3D can be formed! Hydrogen Atom: e - bound to proton
41 Atomic Orbitals p z d z 2 d xy Standing waves in 3 dimensions f z 3 g z 4
42 leads to bonding Electron density goes into internuclear region! Constructive interference! Electron density goes away from the internuclear region! Destructive interference!
43 Do we understand Quantum Mechanics?
44
45 How does it know that both the slits are open!!?? At least this time, he is sensible! I don t understand it!! Nobody does!!!
46 Does it go through both the slits?
47
48 How does an electron move (propagate)? He is crazy! Through all possible paths!
49 More slits Source of particles Even more Complex setup
50 In the limit of walls each with slits. All paths contribute! Action
51 Quantum mechanics and the drunken walker
52 Haddock in the Evening We can only talk of Probabilities! BAR
53 BAR Some paths are more probable than others
54 I have always known that the electron is weird!
55 If you have wave phenomena, then there must be a wave equation! He is crazy! Matter waves obey my equation
56 Time dependent Schrodinger Equation If you know then you can calculate My dear Calculus, Why don t stop this blabbering!??
57 Postulates The state of a system, is specified as fully as is possible, by the state function Probabililty of finding the system in a volume element is given by There he goes!
58 !!!! Corresponding to every observable of classical mechanics, there is a Hermitian operator. In order to find the operator, first write down the classical mechanical expression for the observable and then make the following replacements:
59 Every measurement of an observable leads to an eigen-value of the corresponding operator. The average of a large number of observations is given by
60 The state function obeys the time dependent Schrödinger equation That is enough!
61 The state function obeys the time dependent Schrödinger equation That is enough!
62 Special Solutions: Stationary States p z f z 3
63 ATOMIC ORBITALS
64 MOLECULAR ORBITALS
65 Electromagnetic Waves Z X l Y These too, OK
66 Spectroscopy Molecule Source of Photons GROUND STATE EXCITED!
67
68 Time dependent state of a string
69
70 Laser pulse
71 Non-standing Waves Time-dependent State of Hydrogen atom
72 REFERENCES 1. G. Gamov, Tompkins in Paperback, Canto Books. CUP, R.Gilmore, Alice in Quantum Land, Affiliated East West Press Ltd Gribbin, Schrodinger s Cat, Black Swan, London, Cropper, The Quantum Physicists, OUP, J. Gribbin, Schrodinger s Kittens, Little, Brown & Co. London, G. Gamov and R. Stannard, The New World of Tompkins, Cambridge Univ. Press, R.P. Feynamn, QED, Princeton University Press, R.P. Feynman and A.R. Hibbs, Quantum Mechanics and Path Integrals, McGraw Hill, New York, 1965.
73 See: I think it is safe to say that no one understands quantum mechanics. Richard Feynman The reason universities have students is so they can teach the professors, and Feynman was one of the best (students). John Wheeler
74 Quantum Drum 30 micrometer x 20 micrometer x 500 nm Cleland et al: Nature, March, 2010.
75 What do you think of Quantum Mechanics? OR
Semiconductor Physics and Devices
Introduction to Quantum Mechanics In order to understand the current-voltage characteristics, we need some knowledge of electron behavior in semiconductor when the electron is subjected to various potential
More informationCHAPTER 6 Quantum Mechanics II
CHAPTER 6 Quantum Mechanics II 6.1 The Schrödinger Wave Equation 6.2 Expectation Values 6.3 Infinite Square-Well Potential 6.4 Finite Square-Well Potential 6.5 Three-Dimensional Infinite-Potential Well
More informationPhysics. Light Quanta
Physics Light Quanta Quantum Theory Is light a WAVE or a PARTICLE? Particle tiny object like a bullet, has mass and travels in straight lines unless a force acts upon it Waves phenomena that extend in
More informationWe also find the development of famous Schrodinger equation to describe the quantization of energy levels of atoms.
Lecture 4 TITLE: Quantization of radiation and matter: Wave-Particle duality Objectives In this lecture, we will discuss the development of quantization of matter and light. We will understand the need
More informationEnergy levels and atomic structures lectures chapter one
Structure of Atom An atom is the smallest constituent unit of ordinary matter that has the properties of a element. Every solid, liquid, gas, and plasma is composed of neutral or ionized atoms. Atoms are
More informationPHY202 Quantum Mechanics. Topic 1. Introduction to Quantum Physics
PHY202 Quantum Mechanics Topic 1 Introduction to Quantum Physics Outline of Topic 1 1. Dark clouds over classical physics 2. Brief chronology of quantum mechanics 3. Black body radiation 4. The photoelectric
More informationSometimes light acts like a wave Reminder: Schedule changes (see web page)
Announcements Sometimes light acts like a wave Reminder: Schedule changes (see web page) No class on Thursday 3/18 Exam 2 pushed back to Tues. 3/30 Today: Quantum Mechanics (Ch.13/14) Bright: Constructive
More informationFranck-Hertz experiment, Bohr atom, de Broglie waves Announcements:
Franck-Hertz experiment, Bohr atom, de Broglie waves Announcements: Problem solving sessions Tues. 1-3. Reading for Wednesday TZD 6.1-.4 2013 Nobel Prize Announcement Tomorrow Few slides on the Higgs Field
More informationWave properties of matter & Quantum mechanics I. Chapter 5
Wave properties of matter & Quantum mechanics I Chapter 5 X-ray diffraction Max von Laue suggested that if x-rays were a form of electromagnetic radiation, interference effects should be observed. Crystals
More informationFundamental of Spectroscopy for Optical Remote Sensing Xinzhao Chu I 10 3.4. Principle of Uncertainty Indeterminacy 0. Expression of Heisenberg s Principle of Uncertainty It is worth to point out that
More informationLearning Objectives and Worksheet I. Chemistry 1B-AL Fall 2016
Learning Objectives and Worksheet I Chemistry 1B-AL Fall 2016 Lectures (1 2) Nature of Light and Matter, Quantization of Energy, and the Wave Particle Duality Read: Chapter 12, Pages: 524 526 Supplementary
More informationQuantum Chemistry. The portion on Lectures 1-3 are based on notes prepared by Deepika Viswanathan, Pallavi Bhattacharya, Neha Arora and Devendra Mani
Quantum Chemistry Lectures for the First Year UG students by K.L. Sebastian Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560021 India No parts of this may be reproduced
More informationLecture 36 Chapter 31 Light Quanta Matter Waves Uncertainty Principle
Lecture 36 Chapter 31 Light Quanta Matter Waves Uncertainty Principle 24-Nov-10 Birth of Quantum Theory There has been a long historical debate about the nature of light: Some believed it to be particle-like.
More informationQuantum Mechanics. Physics April 2002 Lecture 9. Planck Bohr Schroedinger Heisenberg
Quantum Mechanics Physics 102 18 April 2002 Lecture 9 Planck Bohr Schroedinger Heisenberg From: http://www.th.physik.uni-frankfurt.de/~jr/portraits.html 18 Apr 2002 Physics 102 Lecture 9 1 Blackbody radiation
More informationConceptual Physics Fundamentals
Conceptual Physics Fundamentals Chapter 15: QUANTUM THEORY This lecture will help you understand: The Photoelectric Effect Absorption Spectra Fluorescence Incandescence Lasers Wave-Particle Duality Particles
More informationWave function and Quantum Physics
Wave function and Quantum Physics Properties of matter Consists of discreet particles Atoms, Molecules etc. Matter has momentum (mass) A well defined trajectory Does not diffract or interfere 1 particle
More information/60 (multiple choice) II /20 III /30 IV /10 V /60 (essay)
1 PHYSICS 6 HOUR EXAM 2 SPRING 2003 NAME This is a closed book, closed notes exam, except for a copy of Copenhagen. You may use calculators. Make sure you show all your work! You will get partial credit
More informationPhysics 126 Practice Exam #4 Professor Siegel
Physics 126 Practice Exam #4 Professor Siegel Name: Lab Day: 1. Light is usually thought of as wave-like in nature and electrons as particle-like. In which one of the following instances does light behave
More informationParticles and Waves Particles Waves
Particles and Waves Particles Discrete and occupy space Exist in only one location at a time Position and velocity can be determined with infinite accuracy Interact by collisions, scattering. Waves Extended,
More informationExam 4. P202 Spring 2004 Instructor: Prof. Sinova
Exam 4 P202 Spring 2004 Instructor: Prof. Sinova Name: Date: 4/22/04 Section: All work must be shown to get credit for the answer marked. You must show or state your reasoning. If the answer marked does
More informationLecture 21 Matter acts like waves!
Particles Act Like Waves! De Broglie s Matter Waves λ = h / p Schrodinger s Equation Announcements Schedule: Today: de Broglie and matter waves, Schrodinger s Equation March Ch. 16, Lightman Ch. 4 Net
More informationA multivariate analysis of undergraduate physics students conceptions of quantum phenomena
Eur. J. Phys. 20 (1999) 193 199. Printed in the UK PII: S0143-0807(99)00058-6 A multivariate analysis of undergraduate physics students conceptions of quantum phenomena Gren Ireson Department of Education,
More informationLecture Outline Chapter 30. Physics, 4 th Edition James S. Walker. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Lecture Outline Chapter 30 Physics, 4 th Edition James S. Walker Chapter 30 Quantum Physics Units of Chapter 30 Blackbody Radiation and Planck s Hypothesis of Quantized Energy Photons and the Photoelectric
More informationAlan Mortimer PhD. Ideas of Modern Physics
Alan Mortimer PhD Ideas of Modern Physics Electromagnetic Waves Last Week Special Relativity General Relativity The Quantum World Index Planck s Law Atomic Structure and emission lines Matter waves Uncertainty
More informationElectromagnetic Field Waves
Electromagnetic Field Waves John Linus O'Sullivan Independent Research Connecticut, USA. E-Mail: massandtime@gmail.com Abstract: Space is from two kinds of energy in standing waves; (1) energy with mass
More informationParticle nature of light & Quantization
Particle nature of light & Quantization A quantity is quantized if its possible values are limited to a discrete set. An example from classical physics is the allowed frequencies of standing waves on a
More informationOPTI 511R: OPTICAL PHYSICS & LASERS
OPTI 511R: OPTICAL PHYSICS & LASERS Instructor: R. Jason Jones Office Hours: Monday 1-2pm Teaching Assistant: Sam Nerenburg Office Hours: Wed. (TBD) h"p://wp.op)cs.arizona.edu/op)551r/ h"p://wp.op)cs.arizona.edu/op)551r/
More informationCHAPTER 2: POSTULATES OF QUANTUM MECHANICS
CHAPTER 2: POSTULATES OF QUANTUM MECHANICS Basics of Quantum Mechanics - Why Quantum Physics? - Classical mechanics (Newton's mechanics) and Maxwell's equations (electromagnetics theory) can explain MACROSCOPIC
More informationModule 02: Wave-particle duality, de Broglie waves and the Uncertainty principle
PG Pathshala Subject: BIOPHYSICS Paper 0: Quantum Biophysics Module 0: Wave-particle duality, de Broglie waves and the Uncertainty principle Principal Investigator: Prof. Moganty R. Rajeswari Professor,
More informationChapter 6: The Electronic Structure of the Atom Electromagnetic Spectrum. All EM radiation travels at the speed of light, c = 3 x 10 8 m/s
Chapter 6: The Electronic Structure of the Atom Electromagnetic Spectrum V I B G Y O R All EM radiation travels at the speed of light, c = 3 x 10 8 m/s Electromagnetic radiation is a wave with a wavelength
More informationRichard Feynman: Electron waves are probability waves in the ocean of uncertainty.
Richard Feynman: Electron waves are probability waves in the ocean of uncertainty. Last Time We Solved some of the Problems with Classical Physics Discrete Spectra? Bohr Model but not complete. Blackbody
More informationPreview. Atomic Physics Section 1. Section 1 Quantization of Energy. Section 2 Models of the Atom. Section 3 Quantum Mechanics
Atomic Physics Section 1 Preview Section 1 Quantization of Energy Section 2 Models of the Atom Section 3 Quantum Mechanics Atomic Physics Section 1 TEKS The student is expected to: 8A describe the photoelectric
More informationThe chemistry between Newton and Schrodinger
The chemistry between Newton and Schrodinger Nandini Ananth Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Cornell Center for Materials Research Cornell University Those who educate children well are
More informationElectromagnetic Field Waves
Electromagnetic Field Waves John Linus O'Sullivan Independent Research Connecticut, USA. E-Mail: massandtime@gmail.com Abstract: Space is from two kinds of energy in standing waves; (1) energy with mass
More informationOrigin of Matter and Time
Origin of Matter and Time John Linus O'Sullivan Independent Research Connecticut, USA. E-Mail: massandtime@gmail.com Abstract: Space is from two kinds of energy in standing waves; (1) energy with mass
More informationMODULE 213 BASIC INORGANIC CHEMISTRY UNIT 1 ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND BONDING II
Course Title: Basic Inorganic Chemistry 1 Course Code: CHEM213 Credit Hours: 2.0 Requires: 122 Required for: 221 Course Outline: Wave-particle duality: what are the typical properties of particles? What
More informationChemistry. Slide 1 / 72. Slide 2 / 72. Slide 3 / 72. Atomic Structures Practice Problems
Slide 1 / 72 Slide 2 / 72 Chemistry Atomic Structures Practice Problems 2015-10-27 www.njctl.org 1 According to Einstein s view of matter and energy, what is the common link between light and matter? Slide
More informationAnnouncements. Lecture 8 Chapter. 3 Wave & Particles I. EM- Waves behaving like Particles. The Compton effect (Arthur Compton 1927) Hypothesis:
Announcements HW3: Ch.3-13, 17, 23, 25, 28, 31, 37, 38, 41, 44 HW3 due: 2/16 ** Lab manual is posted on the course web *** Course Web Page *** http://highenergy.phys.ttu.edu/~slee/2402/ Lecture Notes,
More informationEntering the 2009 Raab Contest Steve Brehmer
Entering the 2009 Raab Contest Steve Brehmer stbrehmer70@gmail.com Mayo High School Rochester, Minnesota The Bakken Museum Minneapolis, Minnesota Enjoy the Day Absorb as much as you can from the lectures
More informationTitle / paragraph example Topic: Quantum Computers. Course essay. Photoelectric effect summary. From Last Time. Photon interference?
Course essay Friday, Nov 3: Due in class essay topic(review article, operating experiment, noble prize) short description - one paragraph http://www.hep.wisc.edu/~herndon/107-0609/essay.htm Friday, Nov
More informationLesson Plan. 1) Students will be aware of some key experimental findings and theoretical
Aleksey Kocherzhenko Lesson Plan Physical Chemistry I: Quantum Mechanics (this is a sophomore/junior-level course) Prerequisites: General Chemistry, Introductory Physics, Calculus, Differential Equations
More informationEE485 Introduction to Photonics. Introduction
EE485 Introduction to Photonics Introduction Nature of Light They could but make the best of it and went around with woebegone faces, sadly complaining that on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, they must
More informationIt s a wave. It s a particle It s an electron It s a photon. It s light!
It s a wave It s a particle It s an electron It s a photon It s light! What they expected Young s famous experiment using a beam of electrons instead of a light beam. And, what they saw Wave-Particle Duality
More informationTheoretical Biophysics. Quantum Theory and Molecular Dynamics. Pawel Romanczuk WS 2017/18
Theoretical Biophysics Quantum Theory and Molecular Dynamics Pawel Romanczuk WS 2017/18 http://lab.romanczuk.de/teaching/ 1 Introduction Two pillars of classical theoretical physics at the begin of 20th
More informationElectronic structure of atoms
Chapter 1 Electronic structure of atoms light photons spectra Heisenberg s uncertainty principle atomic orbitals electron configurations the periodic table 1.1 The wave nature of light Much of our understanding
More informationAPPLIED OPTICS. Lecture-1: EVOLUTION of our UNDERSTANDING of LIGHT. Is it a stream of particles?
A. La Rosa Lecture Notes APPLIED OPTICS Lecture-1: EVOLUTION of our UNDERSTANDING of LIGHT What is light? Is it a wave? Is it a stream of particles? A. Light as a particle NEWTON (164 177) was the most
More informationEinstein s Theory Relativistic 0 < v < c. No Absolute Time. Quantization, Zero point energy position & momentum obey Heisenberg uncertainity rule
Lecture: March 27, 2019 Classical Mechanics Particle is described by position & velocity Quantum Mechanics Particle is described by wave function Probabilistic description Newton s equation non-relativistic
More informationMidterm Examination 1
CHEM 332 Physical Chemistry Spring 2014 Name: Answer Key Midterm Examination 1 1. Match the individual with their accomplishment: A. Millikan G Proposed a probabilistic interpretation for *. B. Planck
More informationThe Photoelectric Effect
The Photoelectric Effect Light can strike the surface of some metals causing an electron to be ejected No matter how brightly the light shines, electrons are ejected only if the light has sufficient energy
More informationOPTI 511R: OPTICAL PHYSICS & LASERS
OPTI 511R: OPTICAL PHYSICS & LASERS Instructor: R. Jason Jones Office Hours: TBD Teaching Assistant: Robert Rockmore Office Hours: Wed. (TBD) h"p://wp.op)cs.arizona.edu/op)511r/ h"p://wp.op)cs.arizona.edu/op)511r/
More informationI N T R O D U C T I O N T O Q U A N T U M M E C H A N I C S
A. La Rosa Lecture Notes PSU Physics P 4/5 ECE 598 I N T R O D U C T I O N T O Q U A N T U M M E C A N I C S CAPTER OVERVIEW: CONTRASTING CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECANICS FORMALISMS. INTRODUCTION.A Objective
More informationChemistry 1B-01, Fall 2013 Lectures 1-2
goals of lectures 1-2 Chemistry 1B Fall 2013 30 Nature of light and matter. Wave-particle duality chap.12 p524-531 lectures 1-2 (ch 12 pp 522-536) 6th [ch 12 pp 522-537] 7th The laws of nature in 1900
More informationPhysics 11b Lecture #24. Quantum Mechanics
Physics 11b Lecture #4 Quantum Mechanics What We Did Last Time Theory of special relativity is based on two postulates: Laws of physics is the same in all reference frames Speed of light is the same in
More informationSECTION 2: QUANTUM THEORY AND THE ATOM CHAPTER 9: ELECTRONS IN ATOMS AND THE PERIODIC TABLE
SECTION 2: QUANTUM THEORY AND THE ATOM CHAPTER 9: ELECTRONS IN ATOMS AND THE PERIODIC TABLE Learning Goals Compare the Bohr and quantum mechanical models of the atom. Explain the impact of de Broglie s
More informationLesson Plan: Introduction to Quantum Mechanics via Wave Theory and the Photoelectric Effect
Lesson Plan: Introduction to Quantum Mechanics via Wave Theory and the Photoelectric Effect Will Stoll, Norcross High School Problem: To understand the basic principles of Quantum Mechanics through an
More informationContents. Chapter 1 Schrödinger s Cat 1. Chapter 2 Size Is Absolute 8. Chapter 3 Some Things About Waves 22. Chapter 4
There are a few books that I always keep near at hand, and constantly come back to. The Feynman Lectures in Physics and Dirac's classic textbook on Quantum Mechanics are among them. Michael Fayer's wonderful
More informationThe Photoelectric Effect
Stellar Astrophysics: The Interaction of Light and Matter The Photoelectric Effect Methods of electron emission Thermionic emission: Application of heat allows electrons to gain enough energy to escape
More informationLecture 8: Wave-Particle Duality. Lecture 8, p 2
We choose to examine a phenomenon which is impossible, absolutely impossible, to explain in any classical way, and which has in it the heart of quantum mechanics. In reality, it contains the only mystery.
More informationDEVIL PHYSICS THE BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS IB PHYSICS
DEVIL PHYSICS THE BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS IB PHYSICS TSOKOS LESSON 1-1B: THE INTERACTION OF MATTER WITH RADIATION Introductory Video Quantum Mechanics Essential Idea: The microscopic quantum world offers
More informationCHEM-UA 127: Advanced General Chemistry I
1 CHEM-UA 127: Advanced General Chemistry I I. RATIONALIZATION OF THE ELECTRON DIFFRACTION EXPERIMENT We will consider two different rationalizations of the electron double-slit experiment. A. Particle-wave
More informationLight was recognised as a wave phenomenon well before its electromagnetic character became known.
VISUAL PHYSICS ONLINE MODULE 7 NATURE OF LIGHT WAVE or PARTICLE??? Light was recognised as a wave phenomenon well before its electromagnetic character became known. The problem of the nature of light is
More informationBasic Quantum Mechanics Prof. Ajoy Ghatak Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi
Basic Quantum Mechanics Prof. Ajoy Ghatak Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi Module No. # 07 Bra-Ket Algebra and Linear Harmonic Oscillator - II Lecture No. # 01 Dirac s Bra and
More informationClass 21. Early Quantum Mechanics and the Wave Nature of Matter. Physics 106. Winter Press CTRL-L to view as a slide show. Class 21.
Early and the Wave Nature of Matter Winter 2018 Press CTRL-L to view as a slide show. Last Time Last time we discussed: Optical systems Midterm 2 Today we will discuss: Quick of X-ray diffraction Compton
More information2 The Failure of Classical Mechanics and Wave-Particle Duality
2 The Failure of Classical Mechanics and Wave-Particle Duality This lecture is more qualitative than the rest of the class. Very roughly speaking, in Classical Mechanics, one can describe motion in terms
More informationChapter 6 Electronic structure of atoms
Chapter 6 Electronic structure of atoms light photons spectra Heisenberg s uncertainty principle atomic orbitals electron configurations the periodic table 6.1 The wave nature of light Visible light is
More informationIntro to Quantum Physics
Physics 256: Lecture Q5 Intro to Quantum Physics Agenda for Today De Broglie Waves Electron Diffraction Wave-Particle Duality Complex Numbers Physics 201: Lecture 1, Pg 1 Are photons Waves or Particles?
More informationWHY DO WE NEED QUANTUM MECHANICS?
Classical mechanics is the study of the motion of everyday objects in accordance with the general principles first developed by Newton with later modifications by Einstein. WHY DO WE NEED QUANTUM MECHANICS?
More informationEvidence that x-rays are wave-like
Evidence that x-rays are wave-like After their discovery in 1895 by Roentgen, their spectrum (including characteristic x-rays) was probed and their penetrating ability was exploited, but it was difficult
More informationChemistry 1B-01, Fall 2012 Lectures 1-2. Chemistry 1B. Fall lectures 1-2. (ch 12 pp ) 6th [ch 12 pp ] 7th
Chemistry 1B Fall 2012 lectures 1-2 (ch 12 pp 522-536) 6th [ch 12 pp 522-537] 7th 20 goals of lectures 1-2 The laws of nature in 1900 (successful for describing large objects) describe particles AND describe
More informationProblems with Classical Physics. Blackbody Radiation Photoelectric Effect Compton Effect Bohr Model of Atom
The Quantum Gang Problems with Classical Physics Blackbody Radiation Photoelectric Effect Compton Effect Bohr Model of Atom Why this shape? Why the drop? Blackbody Radiation A black body is an ideal system
More informationThe Nature of Energy
The Nature of Energy For atoms and molecules, one does not observe a continuous spectrum, as one gets from a white light source.? Only a line spectrum of discrete wavelengths is observed. 2012 Pearson
More informationQuantum Mechanics. Semester /2015. (Introduction)
EMT 295/3 Quantum Mechanics Semester 1 2014/2015 (Introduction) EMT 295 Course Outcomes (COs): CO1: Ability to explain the concept and principles of modern physics, quantization and postulates of quantum
More informationLECTURE 6 QUANTUM PHYSICS II. Instructor: Shih-Chieh Hsu
LECTURE 6 QUANTUM PHYSICS II Instructor: Shih-Chieh Hsu Development of Quantum Mechanics 2 In 1862, Kirchhoff coined black body radiation or known as cavity radiation The experiments raised the question
More informationPlanck s Quantum Hypothesis Blackbody Radiation
Planck s Quantum Hypothesis Blackbody Radiation The spectrum of blackbody radiation has been measured(next slide); it is found that the frequency of peak intensity increases linearly with temperature.
More informationATOMIC STRUCTURE. Kotz Ch 7 & Ch 22 (sect 4,5)
ATOMIC STRUCTURE Kotz Ch 7 & Ch 22 (sect 4,5) properties of light spectroscopy quantum hypothesis hydrogen atom Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle orbitals ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION subatomic particles (electron,
More informationPhysical Electronics. First class (1)
Physical Electronics First class (1) Bohr s Model Why don t the electrons fall into the nucleus? Move like planets around the sun. In circular orbits at different levels. Amounts of energy separate one
More informationLecture 3 Review of Quantum Physics & Basic AMO Physics
Lecture 3 Review of Quantum Physics & Basic AMO Physics How to do quantum mechanics QO tries to understand it (partly) Purdue University Spring 2016 Prof. Yong P. Chen (yongchen@purdue.edu) Lecture 3 (1/19/2016)
More informationPHYS 3313 Section 001 Lecture #16
PHYS 3313 Section 001 Lecture #16 Monday, Mar. 24, 2014 De Broglie Waves Bohr s Quantization Conditions Electron Scattering Wave Packets and Packet Envelops Superposition of Waves Electron Double Slit
More informationChapter 5. The Electromagnetic Spectrum. What is visible light? What is visible light? Which of the following would you consider dangerous?
Which of the following would you consider dangerous? X-rays Radio waves Gamma rays UV radiation Visible light Microwaves Infrared radiation Chapter 5 Periodicity and Atomic Structure 2 The Electromagnetic
More informationBeyond Bohr Model. Wave-particle duality, Probabilistic formulation of quantum physics Chap. 28
Lecture 22-1 Beyond Bohr Model Unfortunately, the classical visualization of the orbiting electron turns out to be wrong even though it still gives us a simple way to think of the atom. Quantum Mechanics
More informationChemistry 1B-01, Fall 2016 Sessions 1-2. Chemistry 1B. Fall lectures topics 1-2. [ch 12 pp ] 7th
Chemistry 1B Fall 2016 lectures topics 1-2 [ch 12 pp 522-537] 7th 1 goals of lectures 1-2 The laws of nature in 1900 (successful for describing large objects) describe particles AND describe waves Experiments
More informationEarly Quantum Theory & Models of the Atom (Ch 27) Discovery of electron. Blackbody Radiation. Blackbody Radiation. J. J. Thomson ( )
Early Quantum Theory & Models of the Atom (Ch 27) Discovery of electron Modern physics special relativity quantum theory J. J. Thomson (1856-1940) measured e/m directly set-up was similar to mass spectrometer
More informationLecture 9: Introduction to QM: Review and Examples
Lecture 9: Introduction to QM: Review and Examples S 1 S 2 Lecture 9, p 1 Photoelectric Effect V stop (v) KE e V hf F max stop Binding energy F The work function: F is the minimum energy needed to strip
More informationPSI AP Physics How was it determined that cathode rays possessed a negative charge?
PSI AP Physics 2 Name Chapter Questions 1. How was it determined that cathode rays possessed a negative charge? 2. J. J. Thomson found that cathode rays were really particles, which were subsequently named
More information37-6 Watching the electrons (matter waves)
37-6 Watching the electrons (matter waves) 1 testing our proposition: the electrons go either through hole 1 or hole 2 add a very strong light source behind walls between two holes, electrons will scatter
More informationConstants & Atomic Data. The birth of atomic physics and quantum mechanics. debroglie s Wave Equations. Energy Calculations. λ = f = h E.
Constants & Atomic Data The birth of atomic physics and quantum mechanics Honors Physics Don Rhine Look inside back cover of book! Speed of Light (): c = 3.00 x 10 8 m/s Elementary Charge: e - = p + =
More informationThe birth of atomic physics and quantum mechanics. Honors Physics Don Rhine
The birth of atomic physics and quantum mechanics Honors Physics Don Rhine Constants & Atomic Data Look inside back cover of book! Speed of Light (vacuum): c = 3.00 x 10 8 m/s Elementary Charge: e - =
More informationQuantum Physics and Atomic Models Chapter Questions. 1. How was it determined that cathode rays possessed a negative charge?
Quantum Physics and Atomic Models Chapter Questions 1. How was it determined that cathode rays possessed a negative charge? 2. J. J. Thomson found that cathode rays were really particles, which were subsequently
More informationQuantum Mechanics: Blackbody Radiation, Photoelectric Effect, Wave-Particle Duality
Physics 102: Lecture 22 Quantum Mechanics: Blackbody Radiation, Photoelectric Effect, Wave-Particle Duality Physics 102: Lecture 22, Slide 1 opposite! Physics 102: Lecture 22, Slide 2 Recap. Interference:
More informationatoms and light. Chapter Goal: To understand the structure and properties of atoms.
Quantum mechanics provides us with an understanding of atomic structure and atomic properties. Lasers are one of the most important applications of the quantummechanical properties of atoms and light.
More informationPhysics 116. Nov 21, Session 31 De Broglie, duality, and uncertainty. R. J. Wilkes
Physics 116 Session 31 De Broglie, duality, and uncertainty Nov 21, 2011 R. J. Wilkes Email: ph116@u.washington.edu Announcements HW 6 due today Clicker scores have been updated on Webassign gradebook
More informationThe Wave Structure of the Electric Field Michael Harney
The Wave Structure of the Electric Field Michael Harney Maxwell's equations describe the interactions of the electromagnetic field at a macroscopic level. In the 1920s, Louis DeBroglie demonstrated that
More informationCHAPTER 27 Quantum Physics
CHAPTER 27 Quantum Physics Units Discovery and Properties of the Electron Planck s Quantum Hypothesis; Blackbody Radiation Photon Theory of Light and the Photoelectric Effect Energy, Mass, and Momentum
More informationGeneral Relativity. PHYS-3301 Lecture 6. Chapter 2. Announcement. Sep. 14, Special Relativity
Announcement Course webpage http://www.phys.ttu.edu/~slee/3301/ Textbook PHYS-3301 Lecture 6 HW2 (due 9/21) Chapter 2 63, 65, 70, 75, 76, 87, 92, 97 Sep. 14, 2017 General Relativity Chapter 2 Special Relativity
More informationPhysics-I. Dr. Anurag Srivastava. Web address: Visit me: Room-110, Block-E, IIITM Campus
Physics-I Dr. Anurag Srivastava Web address: http://tiiciiitm.com/profanurag Email: profanurag@gmail.com Visit me: Room-110, Block-E, IIITM Campus Syllabus Electrodynamics: Maxwell s equations: differential
More informationAccounts for certain objects being colored. Used in medicine (examples?) Allows us to learn about structure of the atom
1.1 Interaction of Light and Matter Accounts for certain objects being colored Used in medicine (examples?) 1.2 Wavelike Properties of Light Wavelength, : peak to peak distance Amplitude: height of the
More information2 Quantum Mechanics. 2.1 The Strange Lives of Electrons
2 Quantum Mechanics A philosopher once said, It is necessary for the very existence of science that the same conditions always produce the same results. Well, they don t! Richard Feynman Today, we re going
More informationQuantum Mechanics. Particle in a box All were partial answers, leading Schrödinger to wave mechanics
Chemistry 4521 Time is flying by: only 15 lectures left!! Six quantum mechanics Four Spectroscopy Third Hour exam Three statistical mechanics Review Final Exam, Wednesday, May 4, 7:30 10 PM Quantum Mechanics
More informationCHAPTER I Review of Modern Physics. A. Review of Important Experiments
CHAPTER I Review of Modern Physics A. Review of Important Experiments Quantum Mechanics is analogous to Newtonian Mechanics in that it is basically a system of rules which describe what happens at the
More informationOutline Chapter 9 The Atom Photons Photons The Photoelectron Effect Photons Photons
Outline Chapter 9 The Atom 9-1. Photoelectric Effect 9-3. What Is Light? 9-4. X-rays 9-5. De Broglie Waves 9-6. Waves of What? 9-7. Uncertainty Principle 9-8. Atomic Spectra 9-9. The Bohr Model 9-10. Electron
More information