Charles's law From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Charles' law)
|
|
- Miranda Cook
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 頁 1 / 5 Charles's law From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Charles' law) Charles' law (also known as the law of volumes) is an experimental gas law which describes how gases tend to expand when heated. It was first published by French natural philosopher Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac in 1802, [1] although he credited the discovery to unpublished work from the 1780s by Jacques Charles. The law was independently discovered by British natural philosopher John Dalton by 1801, although Dalton's description was less thorough than Gay-Lussac's. [2] The basic principles had already been described a century earlier by Guillaume Amontons. Taylor Buchanan was the first to demonstrate that the law applied generally to all gases, and also to the vapours of volatile liquids if the temperature was more than a few degrees above the boiling point. [citation needed] His statement of the law can be expressed mathematically as: An animation demonstrating the relationship between volume and temperature. where V 100 is the volume occupied by a given sample of gas at 100 C; V 0 is the volume occupied by the same sample of gas at 0 C; and k is a constant which is the same for all gases at constant pressure. Gay-Lussac's value for k was , remarkably close to the present-day value of A modern statement of Charles' law is: At constant pressure, the volume of a given mass of an ideal gas increases or decreases by the same factor as its temperature on the absolute temperature scale (i.e. the gas expands as the temperature increases). [3] which can be written as: where V is the volume of the gas; and T is the absolute temperature. The law can also be usefully expressed as follows: The equation shows that, as absolute temperature increases, the volume of the gas also increases in proportion. Contents 1 Limitations 2 Relation to the ideal gas law 3 Relation to absolute zero
2 頁 2 / 5 4 Relation to kinetic theory 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External links Limitations In modern physics, Charles' Law is seen as a special case of the ideal gas equation, in which the pressure and number of molecules are held constant. The ideal gas equation is usually derived from the kinetic theory of gases, which presumes that molecules occupy negligible volume, do not attract each other and undergo elastic collisions (no loss of kinetic energy); an imaginary gas with exactly these properties is termed an ideal gas. The behavior of a real gas is close to that of an ideal gas under most circumstances, which makes the ideal gas law useful. Gases made up of polar molecules (for example, water) deviate more from this ideal, so Charles's Law is less accurate in describing the behavior of these gases. This law of volumes implies theoretically that as a temperature reaches absolute zero the gas will shrink down to zero volume. This is not physically correct, since in fact all gases turn into liquids at a low enough temperature, and Charles's law is not applicable at low temperatures for this reason. The fact that the gas will occupy a non-zero volume - even as the temperature approaches absolute zero - arises fundamentally from the uncertainty principle of quantum theory. However, as the temperature is reduced, gases turn into liquids long before the limits of the uncertainty principle come into play due to the attractive forces between molecules which are neglected by Charles's Law. Relation to the ideal gas law French physicist Émile Clapeyron combined Charles's law with Boyle's law in 1834 to produce a single statement which would become known as the ideal gas law. [4] Claypeyron's original statement was: where t is the Celsius temperature; and p 0, V 0 and t 0 are the pressure, volume and temperature of a sample of gas under some standard state. The figure of 267 came directly from Gay-Lussac's work: the modern figure would be For any given sample of gas, p 0V t0 is a constant (Clapeyron denoted this constant R, and it is closely related to the modern gas constant); if the pressure is also constant, the equation simplifies to as required. The modern statement of the ideal gas law is: where n is the amount of substance of the gas sample; and R is the gas constant. The amount of substance is constant for any given gas sample so, at constant pressure, the equation rearranges to:
3 頁 3 / 5 where nr p is the constant of proportionality. An ideal gas is defined as a gas which obeys the ideal gas law, so Charles's law is only expected to be followed exactly by ideal gases. Nevertheless, it is a good approximation to the behaviour of real gases at relatively high temperatures and relatively low pressures. Relation to absolute zero Charles' law appears to imply that the volume of a gas will descend to zero at a certain temperature ( C according to Gay-Lussac's figures) or -273 C. Gay-Lussac was clear in his description that the law was not applicable at low temperatures: but I may mention that this last conclusion cannot be true except so long as the compressed vapors remain entirely in the elastic state; and this requires that their temperature shall be sufficiently elevated to enable them to resist the pressure which tends to make them assume the liquid state. [1] Gay-Lussac had no experience of liquid air (first prepared in 1877), although he appears to believe (as did Dalton) that the "permanent gases" such as air and hydrogen could be liquified. Gay-Lussac had also worked with the vapours of volatile liquids in demonstrating Charles's law, and was aware that the law does not apply just above the boiling point of the liquid: I may however remark that when the temperature of the ether is only a little above its boiling point, its condensation is a little more rapid than that of atmospheric air. This fact is related to a phenomenon which is exhibited by a great many bodies when passing from the liquid to the solid state, but which is no longer sensible at temperatures a few degrees above that at which the transition occurs. [1] The first mention of a temperature at which the volume of a gas might descend to zero was by William Thomson (later known as Lord Kelvin) in 1848: [5] This is what we might anticipate, when we reflect that infinite cold must correspond to a finite number of degrees of the air-thermometer below zero; since if we push the strict principle of graduation, stated above, sufficiently far, we should arrive at a point corresponding to the volume of air being reduced to nothing, which would be marked as 273 of the scale ( 100/.366, if.366 be the coefficient of expansion); and therefore 273 of the air-thermometer is a point which cannot be reached at any finite temperature, however low. However, the "absolute zero" on the Kelvin temperature scale was originally defined in terms of the second law of thermodynamics, which Thomson himself described in [6] Thomson did not assume that this was equal to the "zero-volume point" of Charles's law, merely that Charles's law provided the minimum temperature which could be attained. The two can be shown to be equivalent by Ludwig Boltzmann's statistical view of entropy (1870). Relation to kinetic theory
4 頁 4 / 5 The kinetic theory of gases relates the macroscopic properties of gases, such as pressure and volume, to the microscopic properties of the molecules which make up the gas, particularly the mass and speed of the molecules. In order to derive Charles's law from kinetic theory, it is necessary to have a microscopic definition of temperature: this can be conveniently taken as the temperature being proportional to the average kinetic energy of the gas molecules, E k : Under this definition, the demonstration of Charles's law is almost trivial. The kinetic theory equivalent of the ideal gas law relates pv to the average kinetic energy: where N is the number of molecules in the gas sample. If the pressure is constant, the volume is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy (and hence to the temperature) for any given gas sample.... absolute zero is in attainable in gases because most of the gases turn to liquids i.e. they leave the state of gas thus the law is not valid. This is only a theoretical limitation and thus is practically working Applications of charles's law See also bursting of hydrogen balloon Making of chappathi Boyle's law Gay-Lussac's law Avogadro's law Hand boiler References 1. ^ abc Gay-Lussac, J. L. (L'An X 1802), "Recherches sur la dilatation des gaz et des vapeurs", Annales de chimie XLIII: 137. English translation (extract). ( 2. ^ 3. ^ Fullick, P. (1994), Physics, Heinemann, pp , ISBN ^ Clapeyron, E. (1834), "Mémoire sur la puissance motrice de la chaleur", Journal de l'école Polytechnique XIV: Facsimile at the Bibliothèque nationale de France (pp ). ( 5. ^ Thomson, William (1848), "On an Absolute Thermometric Scale founded on Carnot's Theory of the Motive Power of Heat, and calculated from Regnault's Observations" ( Philosophical Magazine: 100 6, 6. ^ Thomson, William (1852), "On the Dynamical Theory of Heat, with numerical results deduced from Mr Joule's equivalent of a Thermal Unit, and M. Regnault's Observations on Steam", Philosophical Magazine 4. Extract. ( Further reading Krönig, A. (1856), "Grundzüge einer Theorie der Gase", Annalen der Physik 99: , Bibcode 1856AnP K ( doi: /andp (
5 頁 5 / 5 Facsimile at the Bibliothèque nationale de France (pp ). ( Clausius, R. (1857), "Ueber die Art der Bewegung, welche wir Wärme nennen", Annalen der Physik und Chemie 100: , Bibcode 1857AnP C ( doi: /andp ( Facsimile at the Bibliothèque nationale de France (pp ). ( </ref> Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac Liste de ses communications ( (French) External links Charles's law simulation ( from Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina Charles's law simulation ( from TutorVista.com Charles's law demonstration ( by Prof. Robert Burk, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada Charles's law animation ( ) from the Leonardo Project (GTEP/CCHS, UK) Retrieved from " Categories: Gas laws Volumeszww This page was last modified on 10 November 2011 at 18:57. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. See Terms of use for details. Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Boyle's Law. Solution: P 1 (0.6L)=(4atm)(2.4L) P 1 = 16atm
Page1 Boyle's Law Boyle's Law, a principle that describes the relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas. According to this law, the pressure exerted by a gas held at a constant temperature
More informationIdeal gas From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
頁 1 / 8 Ideal gas From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia An ideal gas is a theoretical gas composed of a set of randomly-moving, non-interacting point particles. The ideal gas concept is useful because
More informationProperties of Gases. Molecular interactions van der Waals equation Principle of corresponding states
Properties of Gases Chapter 1 of Atkins and de Paula The Perfect Gas States of gases Gas laws Real Gases Molecular interactions van der Waals equation Principle of corresponding states Kinetic Model of
More informationThe Gas Laws. Section 1.2 (7th and 8th editions) Individual Gases Boyle s Law Charles Law. Perfect (Ideal) Gas Equation
The Gas Laws Section 1.2 (7th and 8th editions) Individual Gases Boyle s Law Charles Law Perfect (Ideal) Gas Equation Mixtures of Gases Dalton s Law Mole Fractions Last updated: Sept. 14, 2009; minor edits
More informationUNIT 5 : STATES OF MATTER Concept 1. INTERMOLECULAR FORCES
www.tiwariacademy.in UNIT 5 : STATES OF MATTER CONCEPT WISE HANDOUTS KEY CONCEPTS : 1. Intermolecular Forces 2. Gas Laws 3. Behaviour of gases Concept 1. INTERMOLECULAR FORCES Intermolecular forces- forces
More informationUnit 3 - Part 2: Gas Laws. Objective - learn the main gas laws that all molecules follow.
Unit 3 - Part 2: Gas Laws Objective - learn the main gas laws that all molecules follow. Pressure - Pressure = Force / Area Created by collisions of the gas molecules with each other and with surfaces.
More informationProperties of Gases. 5 important gas properties:
Gases Chapter 12 Properties of Gases 5 important gas properties: 1) Gases have an indefinite shape 2) Gases have low densities 3) Gases can compress 4) Gases can expand 5) Gases mix completely with other
More informationTHE CORPUSCULAR NATURE OF MATTER AND ITS PHYSICAL STATES
THE CORPUSCULAR NATURE OF MATTER AND ITS PHYSICAL STATES In this unit we are going to study the matter from a microscopic point of view using the kinetic theory. We will understand the properties of the
More informationEquation of state. Contents. Overview. Historical. Boyle's law (1662)
Equation of state From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For the use of this concept in cosmology, see Equation of state (cosmology) In physics and thermodynamics, an equation of state is a relation between
More informationINTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY Concepts and Critical Thinking
INTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY Concepts and Critical Thinking Sixth Edition by Charles H. Corwin Chapter 11 The Gaseous State by Christopher Hamaker 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 1 Properties of Gases
More informationCHEMISTRY Matter and Change. Chapter 13: Gases
CHEMISTRY Matter and Change Chapter 13: Gases CHAPTER 13 Table Of Contents Section 13.1 Section 13.2 Section 13.3 The Gas Laws The Ideal Gas Law Gas Stoichiometry Click a hyperlink to view the corresponding
More informationCh 6 Gases 6 GASES. Property of gases. pressure = force/area
6 GASES Gases are one of the three states of matter, and while this state is indispensable for chemistry's study of matter, this chapter mainly considers the relationships between volume, temperature and
More informationGases and Gas Laws. Relationships of the Physical Properties of Gases. What is a gas?
What is a gas? For pure substances, there are many different phases of matter, but only three that we interact with at common temperature and pressures solids, liquids and gases. We can differentiate the
More informationThermodynamics part II.
Thermodynamics part II. a.) Fenomenological thermodynamics macroscopic description b.) Molecular thermodynamics microscopic description b1.) kinetical gas theory b2.) statistical thermodynamics Measuring
More informationME6301- ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS UNIT I BASIC CONCEPT AND FIRST LAW PART-A
ME6301- ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS UNIT I BASIC CONCEPT AND FIRST LAW PART-A 1. What is meant by thermodynamics system? (A/M 2006) Thermodynamics system is defined as any space or matter or group of matter
More informationThermodynamics of Materials
Thermodynamics of Materials 2nd Lecture 2008. 3. 5 (Wed.) Temperature Scale After thermometers were invented, different thermometers used different temperature scales. Standardization was necessary. Invent
More informationName: Regents Chemistry: Notes: Unit 8 Gases.
Name: Regents Chemistry: Notes: Unit 8 Gases 1 Name: KEY IDEAS The concept of an ideal gas is a model to explain the behavior of gases. A real gas is most like an ideal gas when the real gas is at low
More informationGas Laws. Labs, Activities & Demonstrations:
Add Important Gas Laws Page: 60 NGSS Standards: N/A Gas Laws MA Curriculum Frameworks (006): N/A AP Physics Learning Objectives: 3.4.C., 3.4.C., 4.C.3., 7.A.3.3, 7.B.. Knowledge/Understanding: Skills:
More informationGas Laws. Gas Properties. Gas Properties. Gas Properties Gases and the Kinetic Molecular Theory Pressure Gas Laws
Gas Laws Gas Properties Gases and the Kinetic Molecular Theory Pressure Gas Laws Gas Properties 1) Gases have mass - the density of the gas is very low in comparison to solids and liquids, which make it
More informationfiziks Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE in PHYSICAL SCIENCES
Content-Thermodynamics & Statistical Mechanics 1. Kinetic theory of gases..(1-13) 1.1 Basic assumption of kinetic theory 1.1.1 Pressure exerted by a gas 1.2 Gas Law for Ideal gases: 1.2.1 Boyle s Law 1.2.2
More informationdensity (in g/l) = molar mass in grams / molar volume in liters (i.e., 22.4 L)
Unit 9: The Gas Laws 9.5 1. Write the formula for the density of any gas at STP. Name: KEY Text Questions from Corwin density (in g/l) = molar mass in grams / molar volume in liters (i.e., 22.4 L) Ch.
More informationThermal Properties and Ideal Gases: Boyle's law and Charle's law *
OpenStax-CNX module: m39083 1 Thermal Properties and Ideal Gases: Boyle's law and Charle's law * Free High School Science Texts Project This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative
More informationGases. Section 13.1 The Gas Laws Section 13.2 The Ideal Gas Law Section 13.3 Gas Stoichiometry
Gases Section 13.1 The Gas Laws Section 13.2 The Ideal Gas Law Section 13.3 Gas Stoichiometry Click a hyperlink or folder tab to view the corresponding slides. Exit Section 13.1 The Gas Laws State the
More informationComparison of Solids, Liquids, and Gases
CHAPTER 8 GASES Comparison of Solids, Liquids, and Gases The density of gases is much less than that of solids or liquids. Densities (g/ml) Solid Liquid Gas H O 0.97 0.998 0.000588 CCl 4.70.59 0.00503
More informationGases, Liquids and Solids
Chapter 5 Gases, Liquids and Solids The States of Matter Gases Pressure Forces between one molecule and another are called intermolecular forces. Intermolecular forces hold molecules together and kinetic
More informationQuantitative Exercise 9.4. Tip 9/14/2015. Quantitative analysis of an ideal gas
Chapter 9 - GASES 9. Quantitative analysis of gas 9.4 emperature 9.5 esting the ideal gas Quantitative analysis of an ideal gas We need more simplifying assumptions. Assume that the particles do not collide
More informationUNIT 5 States of matter I. Questions carrying one mark
UNIT 5 States of matter I. Questions carrying one mark 5. What are van der Waals forces? 5.2 What type of van der Waals force exists between HCl molecules? 5.3 Between which type of molecules does dipole
More informationThornton & Rex, 4th ed. Fall 2018 Prof. Sergio B. Mendes 1
Modern Physics for Scientists and Engineers Thornton & Rex, 4th ed. Fall 2018 Prof. Sergio B. Mendes 1 CHAPTER 1 The Birth of Modern Physics Fall 2018 Prof. Sergio B. Mendes 2 Topics 1) Classical Physics
More informationLecture 24. Ideal Gas Law and Kinetic Theory
Lecture 4 Ideal Gas Law and Kinetic Theory Today s Topics: Ideal Gas Law Kinetic Theory of Gases Phase equilibria and phase diagrams Ideal Gas Law An ideal gas is an idealized model for real gases that
More informationMP203 Statistical and Thermal Physics. Jon-Ivar Skullerud and James Smith
MP203 Statistical and Thermal Physics Jon-Ivar Skullerud and James Smith October 3, 2017 1 Contents 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Temperature and thermal equilibrium.................... 4 1.1.1 The zeroth law of
More information5.60 Thermodynamics & Kinetics Spring 2008
MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 5.60 Thermodynamics & Kinetics Spring 2008 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. 5.60 Spring 2008 Lecture
More informationChapter 10. Thermal Physics. Thermodynamic Quantities: Volume V and Mass Density ρ Pressure P Temperature T: Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
Chapter 10 Thermal Physics Thermodynamic Quantities: Volume V and Mass Density ρ Pressure P Temperature T: Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics Temperature Scales Thermal Expansion of Solids and Liquids Ideal
More information1 Points to Remember Subject: Chemistry Class: XI Chapter: States of matter Top concepts 1. Intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction and repulsion between interacting particles (atoms and molecules).
More informationUnit 8 Kinetic Theory of Gases. Chapter 13-14
Unit 8 Kinetic Theory of Gases Chapter 13-14 This tutorial is designed to help students understand scientific measurements. Objectives for this unit appear on the next slide. Each objective is linked to
More informationThermodynamics. Atoms are in constant motion, which increases with temperature.
Thermodynamics SOME DEFINITIONS: THERMO related to heat DYNAMICS the study of motion SYSTEM an object or set of objects ENVIRONMENT the rest of the universe MICROSCOPIC at an atomic or molecular level
More informationMATTER AND HEAT. Chapter 4 OUTLINE GOALS
Chapter 4 MATTER AND HEAT OUTLINE Temperature and Heat 4.1 Temperature 4.2 Heat 4.3 Metabolic Energy Fluids 4.4 Density 4.5 Pressure 4.6 Buoyancy 4.7 The Gas Laws Kinetic Theory of Matter 4.8 Kinetic Theory
More information18.13 Review & Summary
5/2/10 10:04 PM Print this page 18.13 Review & Summary Temperature; Thermometers Temperature is an SI base quantity related to our sense of hot and cold. It is measured with a thermometer, which contains
More informationWarm Up Questions: 1. Define temperature. 3. Draw and label the table on the board. well as the latent heat of fusion and vaporization.
Warm Up Questions: 1. Define temperature. 2. What is heat? 3. Draw and label the table on the board. - include solid, liquid and gas as well as the latent heat of fusion and vaporization. 3.2 Modelling
More informationPHYS 3313 Section 001. Lecture #3
PHYS 3313 Section 001 Classical Physics Lecture #3 Concept of Waves and Particles Conservation Laws and Fundamental Forces Atomic Theory of Matter Unsolved Questions of 1895 and the New Horizon 1 Reminder:
More informationCh10.4 Attractive Forces
Ch10.4 Attractive Forces Intermolecular Forces are the forces holding molecules to each other. Solids have strong forces Gases (vapor) have weak forces Intermolecular forces determine the phase of matter.
More informationCHEMISTRY NOTES Chapter 12. The Behavior of Gases
Goals : To gain an understanding of : 1. The kinetic theory of matter. 2. Avogadro's hypothesis. 3. The behavior of gases and the gas laws. NOTES: CHEMISTRY NOTES Chapter 12 The Behavior of Gases The kinetic
More informationLecture Outline Chapter 17. Physics, 4 th Edition James S. Walker. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Lecture Outline Chapter 17 Physics, 4 th Edition James S. Walker Chapter 17 Phases and Phase Changes Ideal Gases Kinetic Theory Units of Chapter 17 Solids and Elastic Deformation Phase Equilibrium and
More informationGases. T boil, K. 11 gaseous elements. Rare gases. He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn Diatomic gaseous elements H 2, N 2, O 2, F 2, Cl 2
Gases Gas T boil, K Rare gases 11 gaseous elements He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn 165 Rn 211 N 2 O 2 77 F 2 90 85 Diatomic gaseous elements Cl 2 238 H 2, N 2, O 2, F 2, Cl 2 H 2 He Ne Ar Kr Xe 20 4.4 27 87 120
More informationUnit 08 Review: The KMT and Gas Laws
Unit 08 Review: The KMT and Gas Laws It may be helpful to view the animation showing heating curve and changes of state: http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/031_changesstate.mov
More informationMAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE TIRUCHIRAPALLI 621 213. Department: Mechanical Subject Code: ME2202 Semester: III Subject Name: ENGG. THERMODYNAMICS UNIT-I Basic Concept and First Law 1. What do you understand
More informationChapter 6: The States of Matter
Spencer L. Seager Michael R. Slabaugh www.cengage.com/chemistry/seager Chapter 6: The States of Matter PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER All three states of matter have certain properties that help distinguish
More informationChapter 10. Thermal Physics
Chapter 10 Thermal Physics Thermal Physics Thermal physics is the study of Temperature Heat How these affect matter Thermal Physics, cont Descriptions require definitions of temperature, heat and internal
More informationKinetic Molecular Theory and Gas Law Honors Packet. Name: Period: Date: Requirements for honors credit: Read all notes in packet
Kinetic Molecular Theory and Gas Law Honors Packet Name: Period: Date: Requirements for honors credit: Read all notes in packet Watch the 10 Brighstorm videos shown on the right and take Cornell notes
More informationMind Catalyst Stick It!
Mind Catalyst Stick It! O With a partner, use the following scenarios as a guide to come up with the relationships of the gas properties. For each scenario, write the two properties and their relationship
More informationנושא 6 גזים. 1 Prof. Zvi C. Koren
נושא 6 גזים 1 Prof. Zvi C. Koren Torricelli Charles Avogadro Graham Dalton Boyle Gay-Lussac Kelvin Maxwell Boltzmann 2 Prof. Zvi C. Koren Gas Laws: A Practical Application - Air Bags Example: An automobile
More informationThe Ideal Gas Equation
If you pump too much air into a party balloon, the pressure of the air inside will burst it with a loud bang. Put one into the fridge and it will shrink a bit. You have carried out two simple experiments
More informationSchool of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Konkuk University
School of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Konkuk University Chemistry is the science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter, as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical
More informationChapter 13: Temperature, Kinetic Theory and Gas Laws
Chapter 1: Temperature, Kinetic Theory and Gas Laws Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics (law of equilibrium): If objects A and B are separately in thermal equilibrium with a third object C, then A and B are in
More information(b) The measurement of pressure
(b) The measurement of pressure The pressure of the atmosphere is measured with a barometer. The original version of a barometer was invented by Torricelli, a student of Galileo. The barometer was an inverted
More informationChapter 1. The Properties of Gases Fall Semester Physical Chemistry 1 (CHM2201)
Chapter 1. The Properties of Gases 2011 Fall Semester Physical Chemistry 1 (CHM2201) Contents The Perfect Gas 1.1 The states of gases 1.2 The gas laws Real Gases 1.3 Molecular interactions 1.4 The van
More informationThe fundamental difference between. particles.
Gases, Liquids and Solids David A. Katz Department of Chemistry Pima Community College States of Matter The fundamental difference between states t of matter is the distance between particles. States of
More informationFAMOUS SCIENTISTS: LC CHEMISTRY
FAMOUS SCIENTISTS: LC CHEMISTRY Study online at quizlet.com/_6j280 1. SVANTE AUGUST ARRHENIUS 4. ANTOINE HENRI BECQUEREL He developed a theory of acids and bases on how they form ions in solution. He also
More informationWhy study gases? A Gas 10/17/2017. An understanding of real world phenomena. An understanding of how science works.
Kinetic Theory and the Behavior of Ideal & Real Gases Why study gases? n understanding of real world phenomena. n understanding of how science works. Gas Uniformly fills any container. Mixes completely
More informationTest Exchange Thermodynamics (C) Test Answer Key
1 Test Exchange Thermodynamics (C) Test Answer Key Made by Montgomery High School montyscioly@gmail.com 2 Questions are worth between 1 to 3 points. Show calculations for all open-ended math questions
More informationChapter 11. Preview. Lesson Starter Objectives Pressure and Force Dalton s Law of Partial Pressures
Preview Lesson Starter Objectives Pressure and Force Dalton s Law of Partial Pressures Section 1 Gases and Pressure Lesson Starter Make a list of gases you already know about. Separate your list into elements,
More informationThe Basic Gas Laws Properties of gases Stephen Lower (2011)
The Basic Gas Laws Properties of gases Stephen Lower (2011) The "pneumatic" era of chemistry began with the discovery of the vacuum around 1650 which clearly established that gases are a form of matter.
More informationGases. Chapter 5. Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Gases Chapter 5 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 Elements that exist as gases at 25 0 C and 1 atmosphere 2 3 Physical Characteristics of Gases
More informationThermal Physics. Temperature (Definition #1): a measure of the average random kinetic energy of all the particles of a system Units: o C, K
Thermal Physics Internal Energy: total potential energy and random kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance Symbol: U Units: J Internal Kinetic Energy: arises from random translational, vibrational,
More informationTest Exchange Thermodynamics (C) Test Team Name: Team Number: Score: / 43. Made by Montgomery High School -
1 Test Exchange Thermodynamics (C) Test Team Name: Team Number: Score: / 43 Made by Montgomery High School - montyscioly@gmail.com 2 Questions are worth between 1 and 3 points. Show calculations for all
More informationReal Gases 1. The value of compressibility factor for one mole of a gas under critical states is 1) 3/8 2) 2/3 3) 8/27 4) 27/8 2. an der Waal s equation for one mole of CO2 gas at low pressure will be
More informationModule 5: Rise and Fall of the Clockwork Universe. You should be able to demonstrate and show your understanding of:
OCR B Physics H557 Module 5: Rise and Fall of the Clockwork Universe You should be able to demonstrate and show your understanding of: 5.2: Matter Particle model: A gas consists of many very small, rapidly
More informationBoyle s law states the relationship between the pressure and the volume of a sample of gas.
The Ideal Gas Law Boyle s law states the relationship between the pressure and the volume of a sample of gas. Charles s law states the relationship between the volume and the absolute temperature of a
More informationOUTLINE. States of Matter, Forces of Attraction Phase Changes Gases The Ideal Gas Law Gas Stoichiometry
UNIT 6 GASES OUTLINE States of Matter, Forces of Attraction Phase Changes Gases The Ideal Gas Law Gas Stoichiometry STATES OF MATTER Remember that all matter exists in three physical states: Solid Liquid
More informationChapter 6 The States of Matter. Examples of Physical Properties of Three States of Matter
Chapter 6 The States of Matter Examples of Physical Properties of Three States of Matter 1 Three States of Matter Solids: Fixed shape, fixed volume, particles are held rigidly in place. Liquids: Variable
More information1) K. Huang, Introduction to Statistical Physics, CRC Press, 2001.
Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Literature 1) K. Huang, Introduction to Statistical Physics, CRC Press, 2001. 2) E. M. Lifschitz and L. P. Pitajewski, Statistical Physics, London, Landau Lifschitz Band 5. 3)
More informationKINETIC THEORY OF GASES
KINETIC THEORY OF GASES Boyle s Law: At constant temperature volume of given mass of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure. Charle s Law: At constant pressure volume of a given mass of gas is directly
More informationINTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY Concepts and Critical Thinking Seventh Edition by Charles H. Corwin
Lecture INTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY Concepts and Critical Thinking Seventh Edition by Charles H. Corwin Gases by Christopher G. Hamaker Illinois State University Properties of Gases There are five important
More informationvan der Waals & Wilson
van der Waals & Wilson N.G. Schultheiss translated and adapted by K. Schadenberg 1 Introduction There are various ways to detect and measure particles. This module will discuss two of them, the bubble
More informationGASES (Chapter 5) Temperature and Pressure, that is, 273 K and 1.00 atm or 760 Torr ) will occupy
I. Ideal gases. A. Ideal gas law review. GASES (Chapter 5) 1. PV = nrt Ideal gases obey this equation under all conditions. It is a combination ofa. Boyle's Law: P 1/V at constant n and T b. Charles's
More informationUBMCC11 - THERMODYNAMICS. B.E (Marine Engineering) B 16 BASIC CONCEPTS AND FIRST LAW PART- A
UBMCC11 - THERMODYNAMICS B.E (Marine Engineering) B 16 UNIT I BASIC CONCEPTS AND FIRST LAW PART- A 1. What do you understand by pure substance? 2. Define thermodynamic system. 3. Name the different types
More information17-1 Ideal Gases. Gases are the easiest state of matter to describe - All ideal gases exhibit similar behavior.
17-1 Ideal Gases Gases are the easiest state of matter to describe - All ideal gases exhibit similar behavior. An ideal gas is one that is thin enough, that the interactions between molecules can be ignored.
More informationCentimeters of mercury
CHAPTER 11 PROPERTIES OF GASES Gases have an indefinite shape: a gas takes the shape of its container and fills it uniformly. If the shape of the container changes, so does the shape of the gas. Gases
More informationIntroductory Chemistry: A Foundation, 6 th Ed. Introductory Chemistry, 6 th Ed. Basic Chemistry, 6 th Ed.
Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation, 6 th Ed. Introductory Chemistry, 6 th Ed. Basic Chemistry, 6 th Ed. by Steven S. Zumdahl & Donald J. DeCoste University of Illinois Chapter 13 Gases Properties of
More informationHood River Valley High
Chemistry Hood River Valley High Name: Period: Unit 7 States of Matter and the Behavior of Gases Unit Goals- As you work through this unit, you should be able to: 1. Describe, at the molecular level, the
More informationThermal Physics. Slide 1 / 163. Slide 2 / 163. Slide 3 / 163. Thermal Physics.
Slide 1 / 163 Slide 2 / 163 Thermal Physics www.njctl.org Thermal Physics Temperature, Thermal Equilibrium and Thermometers Thermal Expansion Heat and Temperature Change Thermal Equilibrium : Heat Calculations
More information10/16/2018. Why study gases? An understanding of real world phenomena. An understanding of how science works.
10/16/018 Kinetic Theory and the Behavior of Ideal & Real Gases Why study gases? An understanding of real world phenomena. An understanding of how science works. 1 10/16/018 A Gas Uniformly fills any container.
More informationMolecular mass is the sum of the atomic masses of all of the atoms in the molecule
PERIODIC TABLE IA 1 PERIODIC TABLE IA 2 V. MATTER-Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. Symbols and Formulas Symbols represent individual atoms of an element: H O Cl Br Ag Formulas represent
More informationDEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6301-ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
SYED AMMAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE (Approved by the AICTE, New Delhi, Govt. of Tamilnadu and Affiliated to Anna University, chennai) Established in 1998 - An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Institution Dr. E.M.Abdullah
More informationUnit Outline. I. Introduction II. Gas Pressure III. Gas Laws IV. Gas Law Problems V. Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Gases VI.
Unit 10: Gases Unit Outline I. Introduction II. Gas Pressure III. Gas Laws IV. Gas Law Problems V. Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Gases VI. Real Gases I. Opening thoughts Have you ever: Seen a hot air balloon?
More informationScientists and Their Discoveries: The Ideal Gas Law Poster Illustrated Teacher's Guide
Scientists and Their Discoveries: The Ideal Gas Law Poster Illustrated Teacher's Guide #35-1170 Paper #35-1171 Laminated Background Gas Law Basics Matter most frequently takes the form of a solid, liquid,
More information10 TEMPERATURE, THERMAL EXPANSION, IDEAL GAS LAW, AND KINETIC THEORY OF GASES.
10 TEMPERATURE, THERMAL EXPANSION, IDEAL GAS LAW, AND KINETIC THEORY OF GASES. Key words: Atoms, Molecules, Atomic Theory of Matter, Molecular Mass, Solids, Liquids, and Gases, Thermodynamics, State Variables,
More informationGas Volumes and the Ideal Gas Law
SECTION 11.3 Gas Volumes and the Ideal Gas Law Section 2 presented laws that describe the relationship between the pressure, temperature, and volume of a gas. The volume of a gas is also related to the
More informationChapter 10. Gases. Chemistry, The Central Science, 10th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten
Chemistry, The Central Science, 10th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten Chapter 10 John Bookstaver St. Charles Community College St. Peters, MO 2006, Prentice Hall, Inc.
More informationPhysics 161 Lecture 14 Kinetic Theory of Gas. October 18, 2018
Physics 161 Lecture 14 Kinetic Theory of Gas October 18, 2018 1 Exam 1, Thursday 18 Oct The exam will start promptly at 10:00pm. You will be permitted to open your exam at 10:00pm. You will have until
More informationChapter 13. Kinetic Theory (Kinetikos- Moving ) Based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion
Chapter 3 Kinetic Theory (Kinetikos- Moving ) Based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion The motion has consequences Behavior of Gases Physical Properties of Gases Ideal Gas an imaginary
More informationCh. 12 Notes - GASES NOTE: Vocabulary terms are in boldface and underlined. Supporting details are in italics.
Ch. 12 Notes - GASES NOTE: Vocabulary terms are in boldface and underlined. Supporting details are in italics. STANDARD ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE: 1* atm 760* mm Hg 760* torr 101.3 kpa 14.7 psi * atm, mm Hg,
More informationGases, Liquids, and Solids. Chapter 5
Gases, Liquids, and Solids Chapter 5 Educational Goals 1. Define, compare, contrast the terms specific heat, heat of fusion, and heat of vaporization. Know the equations that involve these concepts and
More informationUNIT 10.
UNIT 10 Pressure: F/A http://chemlab.truman.edu/chem130labs/calorimetryfiles/thermobackground.asp There are four variable needed to define the physical state of a gas. They are: o Temperature o Pressure
More informationGases and the Kinetic Molecular Theory
Gases and the Kinetic olecular Theory Importance in atmospheric phenomena, gas phase reactions, combustion engines, etc. 5.1 The hysical States of atter The condensed states liquid and solid The gaseous
More informationChemistry, The Central Science, 10th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten. Chapter 10. Gases.
Chemistry, The Central Science, 10th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten Chapter 10 Characteristics of Unlike liquids and solids, they Expand to fill their containers.
More informationC H E M 1 CHEM 101-GENERAL CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 5 GASES INSTR : FİLİZ ALSHANABLEH
C H E M 1 CHEM 101-GENERAL CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 5 GASES 0 1 INSTR : FİLİZ ALSHANABLEH CHAPTER 5 GASES Properties of Gases Pressure History and Application of the Gas Laws Partial Pressure Stoichiometry of
More informationPhysics 231 Topic 12: Temperature, Thermal Expansion, and Ideal Gases Alex Brown Nov
Physics 231 Topic 12: Temperature, Thermal Expansion, and Ideal Gases Alex Brown Nov 18-23 2015 MSU Physics 231 Fall 2015 1 homework 3 rd midterm final Thursday 8-10 pm makeup Friday final 9-11 am MSU
More informationWorksheet 1.1. Chapter 1: Quantitative chemistry glossary
Worksheet 1.1 Chapter 1: Quantitative chemistry glossary Amount The number of moles of a substance present in a sample. Aqueous solution A solution with water as the solvent. Atmosphere The unit atmosphere
More informationGases. Pressure is formally defined as the force exerted on a surface per unit area:
Gases Pressure is formally defined as the force exerted on a surface per unit area: Force is measure in Newtons Area is measured in m 2 and it refers to the Area the particle/object is touching (From the
More informationChapter 10: Thermal Physics
Chapter 10: hermal Physics hermal physics is the study of emperature, Heat, and how these affect matter. hermal equilibrium eists when two objects in thermal contact with each other cease to echange energy.
More information