미터법. Introductory Chemistry: Concepts & Connections. Chapter 3. 4 th Edition by Charles H. Corwin
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1 Introductory Chemistry: Concepts & Connections 4 th Edition by Charles H. Corwin Chapter 3 미터법 Christopher G. Hamaker, Illinois State University, Normal IL 2005, Prentice Hall
2 3.1 기본단위와기호 영국식 ; 대영제국에서최초사용, 표준화 미터법 ; 프랑스의과학위원회에서개발 간단하면서기본단위로구성 표 3.1 미터법 양 기본단위 기호 Length meter m Mass gram g Volume liter L Time second s Chapter 3 2
3 단위의정의 1 미터 ; 북극에서적도까지거리의천만분의일 1 kg; 한변의길이가 1/10 m 인정사각형의물의질량 1 리터 ; 4 C 에서물 1kg 이차지하는부피 Chapter 3 3
4 미터법접두어 기본적인미터단위에자주쓰이는접두어 ; Chapter 3 4
5 Metric Symbols 미터단위의이름은기호를사용하여줄일수있다. kilometer is abbreviated km. milligram is abbreviated mg. microliter is abbreviated μl. nanosecond is abbreviated ns. Chapter 3 5
6 3.2 미터변환인자 We can write unit equations for the conversion between different metric units. The prefix kilo- means 1000 basic units, so 1 kilometer is 1000 meters. The unit equation is 1 km = 1000m. Similarly, a centimeter is 1/100 of a meter, so the unit equation is 1 cm = 0.01 m. Chapter 3 6
7 3.2 미터변환인자 Since 1000 m = 1 km, we can write the following unit factors for converting between meters and kilometers: 1 km or 1000 m 1000 m 1 km Since 1 cm = 0.01 m, we can write the following unit factors. 1 cm or 0.01 m 0.01 m 1 cm Chapter 3 7
8 3.3 미터 - 미터변환 We will use the unit analysis method we learned in Chapter 2 to do metric-metric conversion problems. Remember, there are three steps Write down the unit asked for in the answer Write down the given value related to the answer Apply unit factor(s) to convert the given unit to the units desired in the answer. Chapter 3 8
9 3.3 미터 - 미터변환문제 아스피린알약의질량 325 mg 은몇 g? Step 1: We want grams. Step 2: We write down the given: 325 mg. Step 3: We apply a unit factor (1 mg = g) and round to three significant figures g 325 mg = g 1 mg Chapter 3 9
10 Two Metric-Metric Conversions 병원에서이용가능한혈장이 125 dl 가있다. 이혈장의부피는 ml 로어느정도? 0.1 L and ml 1 dl 1 L. 125 dl 0.1 L 1 ml = 12,500 ml 1 dl L Chapter 3 10
11 Another Example 예제 3.5) The mass of the Earth is kg. What is the mass expressed in megagrams, Mg? We want Mg; we have kg Convert kilograms to grams, and then grams to megagrams g 1 Mg kg = Mg 1 kg g Chapter 3 11
12 3.4 미터법 - 영국단위변환 The English system is still very common in the United States. We often have to convert between English and Metric Units. Chapter 3 12
13 Metric-English Conversion 100 미터 or 100 야드중어느길이가더긴가? 1 yd = m. 100 야드가더짧다. 1 yd m = 109 yd m Chapter 3 13
14 English-Metric Conversion 예제 3.6) A half gallon carton contains 64.0 fl oz of milk. How many milliliters of milk are in a carton? We want ml, we have 64.0 fl oz. Use 1 qt = 32 fl oz, and 1 qt = 946 ml fl oz 1 qt 946 ml = 1,890 ml 32 fl oz 1 qt Chapter 3 14
15 복합적인단위를포함한문제 두개의단위비가포함된경우 콜벳자동차의속도가시간당 95 km/hour이면초당몇 m인가? We have km/h, we want m/s. Use 1 km = 1000 m and 1 h = 3600 s. 95 km hr 1000 m 1 hr 1 km 3600 s = 26 m/s Chapter 3 15
16 3.5 부피측정 직사각형고체의부피는길이, 넓이, 두께를곱한값 ; length (l), width (w), thickness (t). volume = l w t 각단위는동일단위사용. If an object measures 3 cm by 2 cm by 1 cm, the volume is 6 cm 3 (cm 3 is cubic centimeters). Chapter 3 16
17 입방체의부피 vs. 액체의부피 미터법에서액체부피의기본단위는리터 (L). 1 L 는한면이 10 cm 인입방체의부피와동일. Chapter 3 17
18 Cubic & Liquid Volume Units 1 리터는 1000 cm 3 10 cm 10 cm 10 cm = 1000 cm cm 3 = 1 L = 1000 ml. Therefore, 1 cm 3 = 1 ml. Chapter 3 18
19 Conclusions Continued 폭스바겐비틀자동차가 498 cm 3 배기량을가진다. 이부피를입방인치로나타내라 We want in 3, we have 498 cm 3. Use 1 in = 2.54 cm three times. 1 in 498 cm cm 1 in 2.54 cm 1 in 2.54 cm = 30.4 in 3 Chapter 3 19
20 3.6 치환에의한부피측정 비정형고체의부피를직접계산. 그것을치환하는물의양을측정하여간접적으로계산. 이방법을치환에의한부피측정. Chapter 3 20
21 Volume by Displacement You want to measure the volume of an irregularly shaped piece of jade. Partially fill a volumetric flask with water and measure the volume of the water. Add the jade, and measure the difference in volume. The volume of the jade is 10.5 ml. Chapter 3 21
22 3.7 밀도개념 밀도 ; 질량의농도를표현하기위한수단 단위부피당질량의양, 질량을부피로나눈것. 밀도의단위 mass volume = density - 고체, 액체밀도 ; g/cm 3, g/ml - 기체밀도 ; g/l Chapter 3 22
23 Estimating Density We can estimate the density of a substance by comparing it to another object. A solid object will float on top a liquid with a higher density. Object S 1 has a density less than that of water, but larger than that of L 1. Object S 2 has a density less than that of L 2, but larger than that of water. Chapter 3 23
24 밀도계산 백금덩어리는 g 의질량과 10.0 cm 3 의부피를갖는다. 밀도는? Recall, density is mass/volume g 10.0 cm 3 = 22.5 g/cm 3 Chapter 3 24
25 단위인자로서밀도의응용 자동차배터리에 1275 ml 의황산이들어있다. 산의밀도가 1.84 g/ml 라면, 몇그램의산이포함되어있는가? We have 1275 ml and we want grams: 1.84 g 1275 ml = 2350 g ml Chapter 3 25
26 3.8 온도 온도 ; 각각의입자들이가지는평균운동에너지의척도. There are three temperature scales: Celsius Fahrenheit Kelvin Kelvin; 절대온도스케일. Chapter 3 26
27 Temperature Scales On the Fahrenheit scale, water freezes at 32 F and boils at 212 F. On the Celsius scale, water freezes at 0 C and boils at 100 C. These are the reference points for the Celsius scale. Water freezes at 273K and boils at 373K on the Kelvin scale. Chapter 3 27
28 Temperature Conversions This is the equation for converting C to F. ( ) 180 F C 100 C = F This is the equation for converting F to C. ( F - 32 F) ( 100 C) 180 F To convert from C to K, add 273. C = K = C Chapter 3 28
29 Fahrenheit-Celsius Conversions Body temperature is 98.6 F. What is body temperature in Celsius? (98.6 F - 32 F) ( 100 C ) 180 F = 37.0 C Chapter 3 29
30 3.9 열과비열 열 ; 높은온도에있는물체로부터낮은온도에있는물체로에너지가흐르는것. 열은전체에너지의척도 온도는평균에너지의척도 예 ) 그림 3.7 열은 joules (J) 또는 calories (cal) 로표현 칼로리 ; 물 1g 을 1 도올리는데필요한열의양 Chapter 3 30
31 비열 비열 ; 어떤주어진온도의변화를일으키는데필요한열의양. 물질 1g 을 1 도올리는데필요한열의양. 단위 ; cal/g 0 C. Chapter 3 31
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