Remark: Do not treat as ordinary numbers. These symbols do not obey the usual rules of arithmetic, for instance, + 1 =, - 1 =, 2, etc.
|
|
- Colleen Bishop
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Limits and Infinity One of the mysteries of Mathematics seems to be the concept of "infinity", usually denoted by the symbol. So what is? It is simply a symbol that represents large numbers. Indeed, numbers are of three kinds: large, normal size, and small. The normal size numbers are the ones that we have a clear feeling for. For example, what does a trillion mean? That is a very large number. Also numbers involved in macro-physics are very large numbers. Small numbers are usually used in micro-physics. Numbers like are very small. Being positive or negative has special meaning depending on the problem at hand. The common mistake is to say that - is smaller than 0. While this may be true according to the natural order on the real line in term of sizes, - is big, very big! So when do we have to deal with and -? Easy: whenever you take the reciprocal of small numbers, you generate large numbers and vice-versa. Mathematically we can write this as: (where you must determine the sign +/-) Note that the reciprocal of a small number is a large number. So size-wise there is no problem. But we have to be careful about the positive or negative sign. We have to make sure we know whether a small number is positive or negative. 0+ represents small positive numbers while 0- represents small negative numbers. (Similarly, we will use e.g. 3+ to denote numbers slightly bigger than 3, and 3- to denote numbers slightly smaller than 3.) In other words, being more precise we have Remark: Do not treat as ordinary numbers. These symbols do not obey the usual rules of arithmetic, for instance, + 1 =, - 1 =, 2, etc. Valid Infinity Arithmetic 4 5* = -2* = - Indeterminate Forms,, - More to come later (math151).
2 -4 But, beware: - is Indeterminate. I. Determining the behavior of a function on either side of a Vertical Asymptote. Recall: The zeros of the denominator of a function are either going to be the location of a vertical asymptote or the location of a hole in the graph. Example: At what values of x are the vertical asymptotes located? At what values of x where there be a hole in the graph? f(x) =. We will begin with a very simple rational function and examine the behavior around the vertical asymptote. When x 3, the x So, we must check on either side of 3. Let x. This can be read: as x approaches 3 from the left, the denominator approaches 0 negatively or with negative values, so approaches negative infinity. Let x Let x. This can be read: as x approaches 3 from the right, the denominator approaches 0 positively or with positive values, so approaches positive infinity.
3 Note that when x gets closer to 3, then the points on the graph get closer to the (dashed) vertical line x = 3. Such a line is called a vertical asymptote. For a given function f(x), there are four cases, in which vertical asymptotes can present themselves: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; While the denominator is the same as the previous example, there is a function in the numerator that will affect the behavior as x approaches 3. First graph on Desmos.com. Find and For this function we can use properties of limits along with the basic graph of y =
4 = = Find and Find and Find and Next we investigate the behavior of functions when x. We have seen that. So for example, we have In the next example, we show how this result is very useful. Example: Consider the function f(x) = We have
5 = = = 2 Note that when x gets closer to (x gets large), then the points on the graph get closer to the horizontal line y=2. Such a line is called a horizontal asymptote. In particular, we have for any number a, and any positive number r, provided x r is defined. We also have For -, we have to be careful about the definition of the power of negative numbers. In particular, we have
6 for any natural number n. If we wish to determine the behavior of the function as x, we can divide both the numerator and denominator by the greatest power of x that occurs in the denominator, which is x 4. We have:. So we have Find the vertical and horizontal asymptotes for the graph of f(x) = Example: Consider the function f(x) =
7 We have = And working on the denominator: 3x + 1 = x(3 + and then = When x goes to, then x > 0, which implies that x = x. Hence When x goes to -, then x < 0, which implies that x = -x. Hence Remark. Be careful! A common mistake is to assume that. This is true if x and false if x < 0.
8 Rational Functions and Horizontal Asymptotes R(x) = Case 1: If the degree of the numerator is less than the degree of the denominator, the HA is y = 0. Case 2: If the degree of the numerator is the same as the degree of the denominator, the HA is y =. Case 3: No Horizontal Asymptote. The rational function is approaching infinity either positively or negatively. You must find the limits as x and as x to determine the end behavior. Limits: Why are limits useful?? For mathematicians they are fundamental in the development of the derivative and the integral, the two primary mathematical structures in calculus. It is with the use of limits that we can take mathematics from discrete values to continuous values. The derivative as the slope of the tangent line to a graph & the definite integral as the area under the graph of a function are two classic applications of the primary structures in calculus. The derivative as the slope of the tangent line is the first we will see. For us, we will cover this Monday. Let us consider a concept that used limits in your previous math class. Example 1: An example that may be somewhat familiar is finding the sum of a geometric series such as = We derived the formula for a geometric series (provided r < 1) in math 96 and found so if we want to find the sum of the entire infinite series, a + ar + ar = = provided r < 1 Applying this to the repeating decimal , we can see that a = 0.24, r = 0.01 which is less than 1 in absolute value, so that = = Example 2: Suppose that a very large tank initially contains 200 gallons of a saline solution with 10 lb of salt. At 10 a.m. a solution is pumped into the tank at 4 gallons/hour that contains 5 lb salt/gallon. Find the following. a) The amount of solution at any time t,
9 b) The amount of salt in the tank at any time t, c) The salt concentration at any time t, d) What is the limit of the salt concentration going to be as t?
6.1 Polynomial Functions
6.1 Polynomial Functions Definition. A polynomial function is any function p(x) of the form p(x) = p n x n + p n 1 x n 1 + + p 2 x 2 + p 1 x + p 0 where all of the exponents are non-negative integers and
More informationLIMITS AT INFINITY MR. VELAZQUEZ AP CALCULUS
LIMITS AT INFINITY MR. VELAZQUEZ AP CALCULUS RECALL: VERTICAL ASYMPTOTES Remember that for a rational function, vertical asymptotes occur at values of x = a which have infinite its (either positive or
More informationLimits at Infinity. Horizontal Asymptotes. Definition (Limits at Infinity) Horizontal Asymptotes
Limits at Infinity If a function f has a domain that is unbounded, that is, one of the endpoints of its domain is ±, we can determine the long term behavior of the function using a it at infinity. Definition
More informationMath 115 Spring 11 Written Homework 10 Solutions
Math 5 Spring Written Homework 0 Solutions. For following its, state what indeterminate form the its are in and evaluate the its. (a) 3x 4x 4 x x 8 Solution: This is in indeterminate form 0. Algebraically,
More informationKing Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Prep-Year Math Program Math Term 161 Recitation (R1, R2)
Math 001 - Term 161 Recitation (R1, R) Question 1: How many rational and irrational numbers are possible between 0 and 1? (a) 1 (b) Finite (c) 0 (d) Infinite (e) Question : A will contain how many elements
More informationHoles in a function. Even though the function does not exist at that point, the limit can still obtain that value.
Holes in a function For rational functions, factor both the numerator and the denominator. If they have a common factor, you can cancel the factor and a zero will exist at that x value. Even though the
More informationSection 2.6 Limits at infinity and infinite limits 2 Lectures. Dr. Abdulla Eid. College of Science. MATHS 101: Calculus I
Section 2.6 Limits at infinity and infinite its 2 Lectures College of Science MATHS 0: Calculus I (University of Bahrain) Infinite Limits / 29 Finite its as ±. 2 Horizontal Asympotes. 3 Infinite its. 4
More informationInfinite Limits. Infinite Limits. Infinite Limits. Previously, we discussed the limits of rational functions with the indeterminate form 0/0.
Infinite Limits Return to Table of Contents Infinite Limits Infinite Limits Previously, we discussed the limits of rational functions with the indeterminate form 0/0. Now we will consider rational functions
More informationMATH 151 Engineering Mathematics I
MATH 151 Engineering Mathematics I Fall, 2016, WEEK 4 JoungDong Kim Week4 Section 2.6, 2.7, 3.1 Limits at infinity, Velocity, Differentiation Section 2.6 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes Definition.
More information6.2 Their Derivatives
Exponential Functions and 6.2 Their Derivatives Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Exponential Functions and Their Derivatives The function f(x) = 2 x is called an exponential function because
More informationLecture 2 (Limits) tangent line secant line
Lecture 2 (Limits) We shall start with the tangent line problem. Definition: A tangent line (Latin word 'touching') to the function f(x) at the point is a line that touches the graph of the function at
More information4.2 Graphs of Rational Functions
4.2. Graphs of Rational Functions www.ck12.org 4.2 Graphs of Rational Functions Learning Objectives Compare graphs of inverse variation equations. Graph rational functions. Solve real-world problems using
More informationAdvanced Mathematics Unit 2 Limits and Continuity
Advanced Mathematics 3208 Unit 2 Limits and Continuity NEED TO KNOW Expanding Expanding Expand the following: A) (a + b) 2 B) (a + b) 3 C) (a + b)4 Pascals Triangle: D) (x + 2) 4 E) (2x -3) 5 Random Factoring
More informationAdvanced Mathematics Unit 2 Limits and Continuity
Advanced Mathematics 3208 Unit 2 Limits and Continuity NEED TO KNOW Expanding Expanding Expand the following: A) (a + b) 2 B) (a + b) 3 C) (a + b)4 Pascals Triangle: D) (x + 2) 4 E) (2x -3) 5 Random Factoring
More informationWEEK 7 NOTES AND EXERCISES
WEEK 7 NOTES AND EXERCISES RATES OF CHANGE (STRAIGHT LINES) Rates of change are very important in mathematics. Take for example the speed of a car. It is a measure of how far the car travels over a certain
More informationUNIT 3. Rational Functions Limits at Infinity (Horizontal and Slant Asymptotes) Infinite Limits (Vertical Asymptotes) Graphing Rational Functions
UNIT 3 Rational Functions Limits at Infinity (Horizontal and Slant Asymptotes) Infinite Limits (Vertical Asymptotes) Graphing Rational Functions Recall From Unit Rational Functions f() is a rational function
More informationMath 1314 Lesson 4 Limits
Math 1314 Lesson 4 Limits What is calculus? Calculus is the study of change, particularly, how things change over time. It gives us a framework for measuring change using some fairly simple models. In
More informationHorizontal and Vertical Asymptotes from section 2.6
Horizontal and Vertical Asymptotes from section 2.6 Definition: In either of the cases f(x) = L or f(x) = L we say that the x x horizontal line y = L is a horizontal asymptote of the function f. Note:
More informationMath-2A Lesson 13-3 (Analyzing Functions, Systems of Equations and Inequalities) Which functions are symmetric about the y-axis?
Math-A Lesson 13-3 (Analyzing Functions, Systems of Equations and Inequalities) Which functions are symmetric about the y-axis? f ( x) x x x x x x 3 3 ( x) x We call functions that are symmetric about
More informationReview: Limits of Functions - 10/7/16
Review: Limits of Functions - 10/7/16 1 Right and Left Hand Limits Definition 1.0.1 We write lim a f() = L to mean that the function f() approaches L as approaches a from the left. We call this the left
More informationSection 2.5. Evaluating Limits Algebraically
Section 2.5 Evaluating Limits Algebraically (1) Determinate and Indeterminate Forms (2) Limit Calculation Techniques (A) Direct Substitution (B) Simplification (C) Conjugation (D) The Squeeze Theorem (3)
More informationSection 6: Polynomials and Rational Functions
Chapter Review Applied Calculus 5 Section 6: Polynomials and Rational Functions Polynomial Functions Terminology of Polynomial Functions A polynomial is function that can be written as f ( ) a 0 a a a
More informationMaking Connections with Rational Functions and Equations
Section 3.5 Making Connections with Rational Functions and Equations When solving a problem, it's important to read carefully to determine whether a function is being analyzed (Finding key features) or
More informationMath 1120 Calculus, section 2 Test 1
February 6, 203 Name The problems count as marked. The total number of points available is 49. Throughout this test, show your work. Using a calculator to circumvent ideas discussed in class will generally
More informationSection 4.3 Concavity and Curve Sketching 1.5 Lectures. Dr. Abdulla Eid. College of Science. MATHS 101: Calculus I
Section 4.3 Concavity and Curve Sketching 1.5 Lectures College of Science MATHS 101: Calculus I (University of Bahrain) Concavity 1 / 29 Concavity Increasing Function has three cases (University of Bahrain)
More informationMHF4U. Advanced Functions Grade 12 University Mitchell District High School. Unit 3 Rational Functions & Equations 6 Video Lessons
MHF4U Advanced Functions Grade 12 University Mitchell District High School Unit 3 Rational Functions & Equations 6 Video Lessons Allow no more than 15 class days for this unit! This includes time for review
More information56 CHAPTER 3. POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS
56 CHAPTER 3. POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS Chapter 4 Rational functions and inequalities 4.1 Rational functions Textbook section 4.7 4.1.1 Basic rational functions and asymptotes As a first step towards understanding
More informationSolutions to Midterm 1 (Drogon)
MATH 15 Solutions to Midterm 1 (Drogon) 1 A tank holding gallons of maple syrup can be drained completely in three hours by opening a valve at its bottom The amount of syrup in the tank at time t (where
More informationLimits at Infinity. Use algebraic techniques to help with indeterminate forms of ± Use substitutions to evaluate limits of compositions of functions.
SUGGESTED REFERENCE MATERIAL: Limits at Infinity As you work through the problems listed below, you should reference Chapter. of the recommended textbook (or the equivalent chapter in your alternative
More informationPolynomial Expressions and Functions
Hartfield College Algebra (Version 2017a - Thomas Hartfield) Unit FOUR Page - 1 - of 36 Topic 32: Polynomial Expressions and Functions Recall the definitions of polynomials and terms. Definition: A polynomial
More informationAP Calculus I Summer Packet
AP Calculus I Summer Packet This will be your first grade of AP Calculus and due on the first day of class. Please turn in ALL of your work and the attached completed answer sheet. I. Intercepts The -intercept
More informationLimits and Continuity
Limits and Continuity MATH 151 Calculus for Management J. Robert Buchanan Department of Mathematics Fall 2018 Objectives After this lesson we will be able to: Determine the left-hand and right-hand limits
More informationChapter 2. Limits and Continuity 2.6 Limits Involving Infinity; Asymptotes of Graphs
2.6 Limits Involving Infinity; Asymptotes of Graphs Chapter 2. Limits and Continuity 2.6 Limits Involving Infinity; Asymptotes of Graphs Definition. Formal Definition of Limits at Infinity.. We say that
More informationRational Functions 4.5
Math 4 Pre-Calculus Name Date Rational Function Rational Functions 4.5 g ( ) A function is a rational function if f ( ), where g ( ) and ( ) h ( ) h are polynomials. Vertical asymptotes occur at -values
More informationSolutions to Math 41 First Exam October 15, 2013
Solutions to Math 41 First Exam October 15, 2013 1. (16 points) Find each of the following its, with justification. If the it does not exist, explain why. If there is an infinite it, then explain whether
More informationDepartment of Mathematics, University of Wisconsin-Madison Math 114 Worksheet Sections (4.1),
Department of Mathematics, University of Wisconsin-Madison Math 114 Worksheet Sections (4.1), 4.-4.6 1. Find the polynomial function with zeros: -1 (multiplicity ) and 1 (multiplicity ) whose graph passes
More informationAP Calculus AB. Limits & Continuity.
1 AP Calculus AB Limits & Continuity 2015 10 20 www.njctl.org 2 Table of Contents click on the topic to go to that section Introduction The Tangent Line Problem Definition of a Limit and Graphical Approach
More informationMTH 241: Business and Social Sciences Calculus
MTH 241: Business and Social Sciences Calculus F. Patricia Medina Department of Mathematics. Oregon State University January 28, 2015 Section 2.1 Increasing and decreasing Definition 1 A function is increasing
More information2.4 The Precise Definition of a Limit
2.4 The Precise Definition of a Limit Reminders/Remarks: x 4 < 3 means that the distance between x and 4 is less than 3. In other words, x lies strictly between 1 and 7. So, x a < δ means that the distance
More informationG r a d e 1 1 P r e - C a l c u l u s M a t h e m a t i c s ( 3 0 S ) Final Practice Exam
G r a d e 1 1 P r e - C a l c u l u s M a t h e m a t i c s ( 3 0 S ) Final Practice Exam G r a d e 1 1 P r e - C a l c u l u s M a t h e m a t i c s Final Practice Exam Name: Student Number: For Marker
More informationIntroduction to Series and Sequences Math 121 Calculus II Spring 2015
Introduction to Series and Sequences Math Calculus II Spring 05 The goal. The main purpose of our study of series and sequences is to understand power series. A power series is like a polynomial of infinite
More informationSec 2.2: Infinite Limits / Vertical Asymptotes Sec 2.6: Limits At Infinity / Horizontal Asymptotes
Sec 2.2: Infinite Limits / Vertical Asymptotes Sec 2.6: Limits At Infinity / Horizontal Asymptotes Sec 2.2: Infinite Limits / Vertical Asymptotes Sec 2.6: Limits At Infinity / Horizontal Asymptotes Infinite
More informationFinal Exam Study Guide Mathematical Thinking, Fall 2003
Final Exam Study Guide Mathematical Thinking, Fall 2003 Chapter R Chapter R contains a lot of basic definitions and notations that are used throughout the rest of the book. Most of you are probably comfortable
More informationSec 2.2: Infinite Limits / Vertical Asymptotes Sec 2.6: Limits At Infinity / Horizontal Asymptotes
Sec 2.2: Infinite Limits / Vertical Asymptotes Sec 2.6: Limits At Infinity / Horizontal Asymptotes Sec 2.2: Infinite Limits / Vertical Asymptotes Sec 2.6: Limits At Infinity / Horizontal Asymptotes Infinite
More informationGUIDED NOTES 5.6 RATIONAL FUNCTIONS
GUIDED NOTES 5.6 RATIONAL FUNCTIONS LEARNING OBJECTIVES In this section, you will: Use arrow notation. Solve applied problems involving rational functions. Find the domains of rational functions. Identify
More informationCalculus I Practice Test Problems for Chapter 2 Page 1 of 7
Calculus I Practice Test Problems for Chapter Page of 7 This is a set of practice test problems for Chapter This is in no way an inclusive set of problems there can be other types of problems on the actual
More information3.5 Continuity of a Function One Sided Continuity Intermediate Value Theorem... 23
Chapter 3 Limit and Continuity Contents 3. Definition of Limit 3 3.2 Basic Limit Theorems 8 3.3 One sided Limit 4 3.4 Infinite Limit, Limit at infinity and Asymptotes 5 3.4. Infinite Limit and Vertical
More informationLimits at. x means that x gets larger and larger without a bound. Oktay Olmez and Serhan Varma Calculus Lecture 2 1 / 1
Limits at x means that x gets larger and larger without a bound. Oktay Olmez and Serhan Varma Calculus Lecture 2 1 / 1 Limits at x means that x gets larger and larger without a bound. x means that x gets
More informationThe Growth of Functions. A Practical Introduction with as Little Theory as possible
The Growth of Functions A Practical Introduction with as Little Theory as possible Complexity of Algorithms (1) Before we talk about the growth of functions and the concept of order, let s discuss why
More informationTo get horizontal and slant asymptotes algebraically we need to know about end behaviour for rational functions.
Concepts: Horizontal Asymptotes, Vertical Asymptotes, Slant (Oblique) Asymptotes, Transforming Reciprocal Function, Sketching Rational Functions, Solving Inequalities using Sign Charts. Rational Function
More informationSection 3.3 Limits Involving Infinity - Asymptotes
76 Section. Limits Involving Infinity - Asymptotes We begin our discussion with analyzing its as increases or decreases without bound. We will then eplore functions that have its at infinity. Let s consider
More informationA function is actually a simple concept; if it were not, history would have replaced it with a simpler one by now! Here is the definition:
1.2 Functions and Their Properties A function is actually a simple concept; if it were not, history would have replaced it with a simpler one by now! Here is the definition: Definition: Function, Domain,
More informationMath Calculus f. Business and Management - Worksheet 12. Solutions for Worksheet 12 - Limits as x approaches infinity
Math 0 - Calculus f. Business and Management - Worksheet 1 Solutions for Worksheet 1 - Limits as approaches infinity Simple Limits Eercise 1: Compute the following its: 1a : + 4 1b : 5 + 8 1c : 5 + 8 Solution
More informationThe First Derivative Test for Rise and Fall Suppose that a function f has a derivative at every poin x of an interval A. Then
Derivatives - Applications - c CNMiKnO PG - 1 Increasing and Decreasing Functions A function y = f(x) is said to increase throughout an interval A if y increases as x increases. That is, whenever x 2 >
More informationSection Properties of Rational Expressions
88 Section. - Properties of Rational Expressions Recall that a rational number is any number that can be written as the ratio of two integers where the integer in the denominator cannot be. Rational Numbers:
More information3.5: Issues in Curve Sketching
3.5: Issues in Curve Sketching Mathematics 3 Lecture 20 Dartmouth College February 17, 2010 Typeset by FoilTEX Example 1 Which of the following are the graphs of a function, its derivative and its second
More informationSolutions to Math 41 First Exam October 18, 2012
Solutions to Math 4 First Exam October 8, 202. (2 points) Find each of the following its, with justification. If the it does not exist, explain why. If there is an infinite it, then explain whether it
More informationChapter 3 Differentiation Rules
Chapter 3 Differentiation Rules Derivative constant function if c is any real number, then Example: The Power Rule: If n is a positive integer, then Example: Extended Power Rule: If r is any real number,
More informationSection 3.1 Extreme Values
Math 132 Extreme Values Section 3.1 Section 3.1 Extreme Values Example 1: Given the following is the graph of f(x) Where is the maximum (x-value)? What is the maximum (y-value)? Where is the minimum (x-value)?
More informationAP CALCULUS AB Study Guide for Midterm Exam 2017
AP CALCULUS AB Study Guide for Midterm Exam 2017 CHAPTER 1: PRECALCULUS REVIEW 1.1 Real Numbers, Functions and Graphs - Write absolute value as a piece-wise function - Write and interpret open and closed
More informationAlgebra 1 S1 Lesson Summaries. Lesson Goal: Mastery 70% or higher
Algebra 1 S1 Lesson Summaries For every lesson, you need to: Read through the LESSON REVIEW which is located below or on the last page of the lesson and 3-hole punch into your MATH BINDER. Read and work
More informationMATH 113: ELEMENTARY CALCULUS
MATH 3: ELEMENTARY CALCULUS Please check www.ualberta.ca/ zhiyongz for notes updation! 6. Rates of Change and Limits A fundamental philosophical truth is that everything changes. In physics, the change
More informationUnit 5: Applications of Differentiation
Unit 5: Applications of Differentiation DAY TOPIC ASSIGNMENT 1 Implicit Differentiation (p. 1) p. 7-73 Implicit Differentiation p. 74-75 3 Implicit Differentiation Review 4 QUIZ 1 5 Related Rates (p. 8)
More informationInfinite Limits. By Tuesday J. Johnson
Infinite Limits By Tuesday J. Johnson Suggested Review Topics Algebra skills reviews suggested: Evaluating functions Graphing functions Working with inequalities Working with absolute values Trigonometric
More informationInverse Functions. N as a function of t. Table 1
Table 1 gives data from an experiment in which a bacteria culture started with 100 bacteria in a limited nutrient medium; the size of the bacteria population was recorded at hourly intervals. The number
More informationConcepts of graphs of functions:
Concepts of graphs of functions: 1) Domain where the function has allowable inputs (this is looking to find math no-no s): Division by 0 (causes an asymptote) ex: f(x) = 1 x There is a vertical asymptote
More informationMAT100 OVERVIEW OF CONTENTS AND SAMPLE PROBLEMS
MAT100 OVERVIEW OF CONTENTS AND SAMPLE PROBLEMS MAT100 is a fast-paced and thorough tour of precalculus mathematics, where the choice of topics is primarily motivated by the conceptual and technical knowledge
More informationContinuity and One-Sided Limits
Continuity and One-Sided Limits 1. Welcome to continuity and one-sided limits. My name is Tuesday Johnson and I m a lecturer at the University of Texas El Paso. 2. With each lecture I present, I will start
More informationEQ: What are limits, and how do we find them? Finite limits as x ± Horizontal Asymptote. Example Horizontal Asymptote
Finite limits as x ± The symbol for infinity ( ) does not represent a real number. We use to describe the behavior of a function when the values in its domain or range outgrow all finite bounds. For example,
More informationsketching Jan 22, 2015 Calculus with Algebra and Trigonometry II Lecture 2Maxima andjan minima, 22, 2015 convexity/concav 1 / 15
Calculus with Algebra and Trigonometry II Lecture 2 Maxima and minima, convexity/concavity, and curve sketching Jan 22, 2015 Calculus with Algebra and Trigonometry II Lecture 2Maxima andjan minima, 22,
More informationChapter 5B - Rational Functions
Fry Texas A&M University Math 150 Chapter 5B Fall 2015 143 Chapter 5B - Rational Functions Definition: A rational function is The domain of a rational function is all real numbers, except those values
More informationExponential Functions Dr. Laura J. Pyzdrowski
1 Names: (4 communication points) About this Laboratory An exponential function is an example of a function that is not an algebraic combination of polynomials. Such functions are called trancendental
More informationSpring 2015, Math 111 Lab 2: Exploring the Limit
Spring 2015, Math 111 Lab 2: William and Mary February 3, 2015 Spring 2015, Math 111 Lab 2: Outline Limit Limit Existence Example Vertical Horizontal Spring 2015, Math 111 Lab 2: Limit Limit Existence
More informationINFINITE SEQUENCES AND SERIES
11 INFINITE SEQUENCES AND SERIES INFINITE SEQUENCES AND SERIES Infinite sequences and series were introduced briefly in A Preview of Calculus in connection with Zeno s paradoxes and the decimal representation
More informationSemester Review Packet
MATH 110: College Algebra Instructor: Reyes Semester Review Packet Remarks: This semester we have made a very detailed study of four classes of functions: Polynomial functions Linear Quadratic Higher degree
More information1. Which one of the following points is a singular point of. f(x) = (x 1) 2/3? f(x) = 3x 3 4x 2 5x + 6? (C)
Math 1120 Calculus Test 3 November 4, 1 Name In the first 10 problems, each part counts 5 points (total 50 points) and the final three problems count 20 points each Multiple choice section Circle the correct
More informationSEE and DISCUSS the pictures on pages in your text. Key picture:
Math 6 Notes 1.1 A PREVIEW OF CALCULUS There are main problems in calculus: 1. Finding a tangent line to a curve though a point on the curve.. Finding the area under a curve on some interval. SEE and DISCUSS
More informationAP Calculus AB. Introduction. Slide 1 / 233 Slide 2 / 233. Slide 4 / 233. Slide 3 / 233. Slide 6 / 233. Slide 5 / 233. Limits & Continuity
Slide 1 / 233 Slide 2 / 233 AP Calculus AB Limits & Continuity 2015-10-20 www.njctl.org Slide 3 / 233 Slide 4 / 233 Table of Contents click on the topic to go to that section Introduction The Tangent Line
More information1.1 Radical Expressions: Rationalizing Denominators
1.1 Radical Expressions: Rationalizing Denominators Recall: 1. A rational number is one that can be expressed in the form a, where b 0. b 2. An equivalent fraction is determined by multiplying or dividing
More informationMATH 162. Midterm 2 ANSWERS November 18, 2005
MATH 62 Midterm 2 ANSWERS November 8, 2005. (0 points) Does the following integral converge or diverge? To get full credit, you must justify your answer. 3x 2 x 3 + 4x 2 + 2x + 4 dx You may not be able
More informationAP Calculus AB. Slide 1 / 233. Slide 2 / 233. Slide 3 / 233. Limits & Continuity. Table of Contents
Slide 1 / 233 Slide 2 / 233 AP Calculus AB Limits & Continuity 2015-10-20 www.njctl.org Table of Contents click on the topic to go to that section Slide 3 / 233 Introduction The Tangent Line Problem Definition
More informationLimits Involving Infinity (Horizontal and Vertical Asymptotes Revisited)
Limits Involving Infinity (Horizontal and Vertical Asymptotes Revisited) Limits as Approaches Infinity At times you ll need to know the behavior of a function or an epression as the inputs get increasingly
More informationAlgebra Vocabulary. abscissa
abscissa The x-value of an ordered pair that describes the horizontal distance from the x-axis. It is always written as the first element in the ordered pair. 3 is the abscissa of the ordered pair (3,
More informationCH 2: Limits and Derivatives
2 The tangent and velocity problems CH 2: Limits and Derivatives the tangent line to a curve at a point P, is the line that has the same slope as the curve at that point P, ie the slope of the tangent
More informationMATHEMATICS AP Calculus (BC) Standard: Number, Number Sense and Operations
Standard: Number, Number Sense and Operations Computation and A. Develop an understanding of limits and continuity. 1. Recognize the types of nonexistence of limits and why they Estimation are nonexistent.
More informationGoal: Simplify and solve exponential expressions and equations
Pre- Calculus Mathematics 12 4.1 Exponents Part 1 Goal: Simplify and solve exponential expressions and equations Logarithms involve the study of exponents so is it vital to know all the exponent laws.
More information80 Wyner PreCalculus Spring 2017
80 Wyner PreCalculus Spring 2017 CHAPTER NINE: DERIVATIVES Review May 16 Test May 23 Calculus begins with the study of rates of change, called derivatives. For example, the derivative of velocity is acceleration
More informationRadical Expressions and Graphs 8.1 Find roots of numbers. squaring square Objectives root cube roots fourth roots
8. Radical Expressions and Graphs Objectives Find roots of numbers. Find roots of numbers. The opposite (or inverse) of squaring a number is taking its square root. Find principal roots. Graph functions
More informationAlgebra I+ Pacing Guide. Days Units Notes Chapter 1 ( , )
Algebra I+ Pacing Guide Days Units Notes Chapter 1 (1.1-1.4, 1.6-1.7) Expressions, Equations and Functions Differentiate between and write expressions, equations and inequalities as well as applying order
More informationCoach Stones Expanded Standard Pre-Calculus Algorithm Packet Page 1 Section: P.1 Algebraic Expressions, Mathematical Models and Real Numbers
Coach Stones Expanded Standard Pre-Calculus Algorithm Packet Page 1 Section: P.1 Algebraic Expressions, Mathematical Models and Real Numbers CLASSIFICATIONS OF NUMBERS NATURAL NUMBERS = N = {1,2,3,4,...}
More information#1, 2, 3ad, 4, 5acd, 6, 7, 8, 9bcd, 10, 11, 12a, 13, 15, 16 #1-5
MHF4U Unit 3 Rational Functions Section Pages Questions Prereq Skills 146-147 #1, 2, 3bf, 4ac, 6, 7ace, 8cdef, 9bf, 10abe 3.1 153-155 #1ab, 2, 3, 5ad, 6ac, 7cdf, 8, 9, 14* 3.2 164-167 #1ac, 2, 3ab, 4ab,
More informationContinuous functions. Limits of non-rational functions. Squeeze Theorem. Calculator issues. Applications of limits
Calculus Lia Vas Continuous functions. Limits of non-rational functions. Squeeze Theorem. Calculator issues. Applications of limits Continuous Functions. Recall that we referred to a function f() as a
More informationReading Mathematical Expressions & Arithmetic Operations Expression Reads Note
Math 001 - Term 171 Reading Mathematical Expressions & Arithmetic Operations Expression Reads Note x A x belongs to A,x is in A Between an element and a set. A B A is a subset of B Between two sets. φ
More informationSlope Fields: Graphing Solutions Without the Solutions
8 Slope Fields: Graphing Solutions Without the Solutions Up to now, our efforts have been directed mainly towards finding formulas or equations describing solutions to given differential equations. Then,
More information7.4 RECIPROCAL FUNCTIONS
7.4 RECIPROCAL FUNCTIONS x VOCABULARY Word Know It Well Have Heard It or Seen It No Clue RECIPROCAL FUNCTION ASYMPTOTE VERTICAL ASYMPTOTE HORIZONTAL ASYMPTOTE RECIPROCAL a mathematical expression or function
More informationMath 150 Midterm 1 Review Midterm 1 - Monday February 28
Math 50 Midterm Review Midterm - Monday February 28 The midterm will cover up through section 2.2 as well as the little bit on inverse functions, exponents, and logarithms we included from chapter 5. Notes
More information2.1 Limits, Rates of Change and Slopes of Tangent Lines
2.1 Limits, Rates of Change and Slopes of Tangent Lines (1) Average rate of change of y f x over an interval x 0,x 1 : f x 1 f x 0 x 1 x 0 Instantaneous rate of change of f x at x x 0 : f x lim 1 f x 0
More informationCalculus Summer Packet
Calculus Summer Packet Congratulations on reaching this level of mathematics in high school. I know some or all of you are bummed out about having to do a summer math packet; but keep this in mind: we
More informationLast week we looked at limits generally, and at finding limits using substitution.
Math 1314 ONLINE Week 4 Notes Lesson 4 Limits (continued) Last week we looked at limits generally, and at finding limits using substitution. Indeterminate Forms What do you do when substitution gives you
More informationRational Functions. p x q x. f x = where p(x) and q(x) are polynomials, and q x 0. Here are some examples: x 1 x 3.
Rational Functions In mathematics, rational means in a ratio. A rational function is a ratio of two polynomials. Rational functions have the general form p x q x, where p(x) and q(x) are polynomials, and
More information