Photoelectric Effect
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1 Photoelectric Effect 1) Students will be able to explain why the photon model of light is necessary to explain the PEE. 2) Students will be able to analyze (qualitatively and quantitatively) PEE situations. 1
2 Teachers' notes Subject Topic Title Grade(s) Cross curricular link(s) Prior knowledge Physics 30 topic title 12 curr. know. Intended learning outcome(s) 2
3 Lesson notes 3
4 The Photoelectric Effect (p.e.e.) Discovered by Heinrich Hertz when he directed light at a charged zinc plate attached to a negatively charged electroscope. He found that as soon as he put a piece of glass in the way of the light (thus blocking any UV) the zinc would stop discharging. The p.e.e. can be observed with a variety of metals. 4
5 Other puzzling phenomena regarding the photoelectric effect: no e would be emitted from a metal unless a minimum threshold frequency (f o ) of EMR was met the brightest light wouldn't produce a current if it didn't meet the f o a brighter light wouldn't give e more energy...there would just be more e freed 5
6 Wave theory can't explain the p.e.e. By wave theory, a brighter light would mean more energy. More energy available should mean that e are freed, even with red light. If wave theory can't explain it, what's our other option? 6
7 Einstein was 26 years old and working as a 3rd class patent clerk (he couldn't get a job as a physicist) when he published 4 papers in his "miracle year" of These papers were on: Brownian motion, demonstrating the existence of molecules special relativity (c as universal speed limit, objects become more massive the faster they move, time slows down for objects moving near c E = mc 2 and... 7
8 Einstein's explanation of p.e.e: Einstein suggested that light acts as a particle (i.e. EMR is quantized) the energy of a quantum of light (a photon) is given by: E = hf when a photon collides with an electron in a metal, the photon must have a minimum amount of energy to free the electron 8
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10 P.e.e. and conservation of energy: 10
11 Some useful tidbits: We aren't always given the frequency of EMR, sometimes we're given the wavelength. So, since E = hf and c =fλ: 11
12 The Electron Volt The electron volt is a unit of energy. It is defined as the change in energy an electron would experience if V was applied to it. Convert 5.3 x J to electron volts. Practice problem #2, p
13 In a p.e.e. experiment, we can apply a stopping voltage so that the electrons emitted from the plate don't make it to the collecting plate (i.e. current drops to zero). This stopping voltage allows us to determine the E k of the electrons. 13
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15 p
16 p
17 Practice problems: p. 706, #1 3 p. 707 #1 3 p. 708 #1 2 17
18 We need to know the basic experimental set up: A 18
19 Graphing the Photoelectric Effect E k of Photoelectrons vs Frequency Ek of photoelectrons (J) Frequency (Hz) 19
20 Graphing the Photoelectric Effect Stopping voltage (V) Frequency (Hz) 20
21 Some other useful graphs to know: Current vs Intensity Current Intensity Control: Frequency 21
22 Current vs Frequency Current Frequency Control: Intensity 22
23 Practice problems p. 718 #1 3 p. 719 #1 3 23
24 Practice problems: p. 706, #1 3 p. 707 #1 3 p. 708 #1 2 Practice problems Check and Reflect, p. 720 #1 9 Note: #8 is especially important! 14.2 etest p. 718 #1 3 p. 719 #1 3 24
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30 Attachments carjumps[1].dir favicon[1].ico Planck's constant virtual lab.docx PEE.cmbl Planck's constant virtual lab instructions.pdf
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