Activation measurement of (n,t) reactions
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1 EAF-2011 Prague Activation measurement of (n,t) reactions A. Krása, A. Plompen, E. Andreotti, M. Hult, G. Marissens European Commission JRC IRMM, Geel, Belgium M. Pillon, M. Angelone Associazione EURATOM-ENEA sulla Fusione, Centro Ricerche Frascati, Roma, Italy Joint Research Centre (JRC) IRMM - Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements Geel - Belgium
2 Outline 2/37 Motivation Background Experiment Analysis Results Summary
3 Tritium Motivation Background Experiment Analysis Results Summary 3/37 β - radioactive <E e > 6 kev T 1/2 12 y production in fast neutron fields (E n 10 MeV) radiation safety concern low cross-section detection difficult due to liquid scintillation not selective We measure tritium production indirectly residual nuclei of (n,t) reactions A X n A 2 Y t Z Z 1 + +
4 (n,t)-reactions Motivation Background Experiment Analysis Results Summary 4/37 from a specific nucleus - three possible channels leading to the same residual nucleus projectile target residue ejectile(s) Threshold [MeV] n + 50Cr 48V + t 12.9 n'+d n+p 21.6
5 (n,t) + (n,nd) + (n,p2n) Motivation Background Experiment Analysis Results Summary 5/37 Cross-section [mb] TALYS calculation 50Cr(n,X)48V 92Mo(n,X)90Nb 54Fe(n,X)52Mn 58Ni(n,X)56Co 96Ru(n,X)94Tc 24Mg(n,X)22Na 46Ti(n,X)44Sc 90Zr(n,X)88Y Neutron energy [MeV]
6 Motivation Background Experiment Analysis Results Summary 6/37 Present knowledge of (n,t) excitation functions
7 50 Cr(n,t) 48 V Motivation Background 10 Experiment Analysis Results Summary 7/37 24-CR-50(N,T)23-V-48 Cross-section [mb] 1 0,1 0, Neutron energy [MeV] 1978,T.W.Woo+ 1961,A.P.Baerg+ 1973,S.M.Qaim+ 2007,V.Semkova+
8 50 Cr(n,t) 48 V Motivation Background 10 Experiment Analysis Results Summary 8/37 24-CR-50(N,T)23-V-48 Cross-section [mb] 1 0,1 0, Neutron energy [MeV] 1978,T.W.Woo+ 1961,A.P.Baerg+ 1973,S.M.Qaim+ 2007,V.Semkova+ TALYS 1.0 EAF2007 JENDL-3.3 JENDL-4.0
9 50 Cr(n,t) 48 V Cross-section [mb] Motivation Background ,1 Experiment Analysis Results Summary 9/37 24-CR-50(N,T)23-V ,T.W.Woo+ 1961,A.P.Baerg+ 1973,S.M.Qaim+ 2007,V.Semkova+ TALYS 1.0 EAF2007 JENDL-3.3 JENDL-4.0 0, Neutron energy [MeV] Konobeyev's systematics
10 58 Ni(n,t) 56 Co Motivation Background 10 Experiment Analysis Results Summary 10/37 28-NI-58(N,T)27-CO-56 Cross-section [mb] 1 0,1 0,01 0, Neutron energy [MeV] TALYS 1.0 EAF2007 JENDL-3.3 JEFF-3.1 CENDL-3.1 Konobeyev's systematics 1989,T.Katoh+ 1979,S.Sudar+ 1993,Wang Yongchang+ 1978,T.W.Woo+ 1976,S.M.Qaim+ 2004,V.Semkova+ 2007,V.Semkova+
11 Cross-section [mb] Motivation Background Fe(n,t) 52 Mn Experiment Analysis Results Summary Neutron energy [MeV] 11/37 26-FE-54(N,T)25-MN-52 TALYS 1.0 JEFF , Wang Yongchang+ 1973,S.M.Qaim+ Konobeyev's systematics TALYS ,T.W.Woo+ 1973,S.M.Qaim+ 1961,A.P.Baerg+ 1998,A.Fessler TALYS ,T.W.Woo+ 1973,S.M.Qaim+ 1974,M.Diksic+ 1961,D.M.Chittenden G M G + M
12 46 Ti(n,t) 44 Sc Motivation Background Experiment Analysis Results Summary 12/ TI-46(N,T)21-SC-44 Cross-section [mb] TALYS 1.0 ENDF/B-VII.0 JEFF-3.1 Konobeyev's systematics TALYS ,T.W.Woo+ G 1976,S.M.Qaim+ TALYS ,T.W.Woo+ M G + M Neutron energy [MeV] 1976,S.M.Qaim+
13 90 Zr(n,t) 88 Y Cross-section [mb] Motivation Background Experiment Analysis Results Summary 13/37 40-ZR-90(N,T)39-Y-88 TALYS 1.0 JEFF-3.1 BROND ,S.M.Qaim+ Konobeyev's systematics Neutron energy [MeV]
14 96 Ru(n,t) 94 Tc Cross-section [mb] Motivation Background Experiment Analysis Results Summary 14/37 44-RU-96(N,T)43-TC-94 TALYS 1.0 ENDF/B-VII.0 Konobeyev's systematics Neutron energy [MeV]
15 Motivation Background Experiment Analysis Results Summary 15/37 Experiment
16 Motivation Background Experiment Selection of samples Analysis Results Summary 16/37 n,t n,2n
17 Motivation Background Experiment Analysis Results Summary 17/37 Experiment - irradiation
18 Motivation Background Experiment Neutron source Analysis Results Summary 18/37 Van de Graaff accelerator at IRMM Geel: d + T n+ α E d = 1 5 MeV, 10 µa solid T/Ti target (2 mg/cm 2 ) on Au backing quasi-monoenergetic neutrons E n = MeV up to 10 8 n.cm -2 s -1
19 dt neutron spectra Motivation Background Experiment Analysis Results Summary 19/37 Neutron fluence rate [n/(cm 2. s)] 2E+06 2x10 6 1E E+000 E d = 1-5 MeV 0 < angle < 133 E d = 1-5 MeV angle Neutron energy [MeV] kinematic calculation
20 Motivation Background Experiment Neutron spectra at 0 Analysis Results Summary 20/37 TOF measurements
21 Neutron fluence measurement Motivation Background Experiment Analysis Results Summary cross-section [b] 1.4 NB-93(N,2N)NB CO-59(N,2N)CO ZR-90(N,2N)ZR / Neutron energy [MeV]
22 Neutron fluence [a.u.] Neutron spectra determination Motivation Background Experiment Analysis Results Summary 22/37 1 MeV spectra at 12 kinematic calculation Neutron energy[mev]
23 Neutron spectra determination Neutron fluence [a.u.] Motivation Background Experiment Analysis Results Summary 23/37 1 MeV spectra at 12 kinematic calculation Monte Carlo simulation Neutron energy[mev]
24 Neutron spectra determination Motivation Background Experiment Analysis Results Summary 24/37 Neutron fluence [a.u.] Neutron energy[mev] 1 MeV spectra at 12 kinematic calculation Monte Carlo simulation diamond measurement
25 Motivation Background Experiment Single crystal diamond Analysis Results Summary 25/37 12 C(n,α) 9 Be Q = -5.7 MeV 4.7 x 4.7 x 0.5 mm 3
26 Single crystal diamond Motivation Background Experiment C(n,α) 9 Be Analysis Results Summary 12 C(n,α) 9 Be 26/ Normalised Response C(n,d) 11 B 12 C(n,p) 12 B 13 C(n,α) 10 Be 12 C(n,n'3α) 20.5 MeV neutrons MeV neutrons Deposited Energy (MeV)
27 Motivation Background Experiment Single crystal diamond Analysis Results Summary 27/37 Cross-section (barn) 0,3 0,2 0,1 12 C(n,α) 9 Be this paper CENDL-3.1 EAF ,G.Dietze+ 1976,A.P.Stevens 1980,P.Dimbylow 0, Neutron energy (MeV)
28 Motivation Background Experiment Analysis Results Summary 28/37 Experiment - measurement
29 Motivation Background Experiment γ-spectrometry Analysis Results Summary 29/37 underground lab HADES in SCK CEN (depth of 225 m) seven HPGe spectrometers background 220 cnts/d/kg of Ge ( kev)
30 50 Cr(n,t) 48 V Motivation Background Experiment Analysis Results Summary 30/37 E γ = kev & kev I γ = 99.98% & 98.2% activities: ~ mbq
31 Motivation Background Experiment Analysis Results Summary 31/37 Data analysis
32 Data analysis Motivation Background Experiment Analysis Results Summary 32/37 interactive peak fitting in Genie2000 EGS4 Monte Carlo code: - efficiencies - coincidences - uncertainties residual nuclei activities & neutron fluences σ (Ε)
33 Motivation Background Experiment Analysis Results Summary 33/37 Results
34 50 Cr(n,t) 48 V our results Motivation Background Experiment Analysis Results 10 Summary 34/37 24-CR-50(N,T)23-V-48 Cross-section [mb] Neutron energy [MeV] TALYS 1.0 JENDL-3.3 JENDL-4.0 Konobeyev's systematics 1978,T.W.Woo+ 1961,A.P.Baerg+ 1973,S.M.Qaim+ 2007,V.Semkova+ this work
35 in usual sense: effective mean energy: Correction of <E>, <σ> Motivation Background Experiment Analysis Results Summary E 1 = EφdE φde σ (E) ~ E α - fit of: experimental trend α E 2 = EσφdE σφde 35/37 : TALYS prediction α correction of cross- section: according to calculated σ = σ σφde φde ( E ) 2 for the power- law
36 50 Cr(n,t) 48 V corrected <E>, <σ> Cross-section [mb] Motivation Background Experiment Analysis Results Summary CR-50(N,T)23-V Neutron energy [MeV] TALYS 1.0 JENDL /37 Konobeyev's systematics 1978,T.W.Woo+ 1961,A.P.Baerg+ 1973,S.M.Qaim+ 2007,V.Semkova+ this work this work - experiment-based correction this work - TALYS-based correction
37 Summary Motivation Background Experiment Analysis Results Summary 37/37 50 Cr(n,t) 14, 15, 16, 16.5, 17.3 MeV: measured and analyzed σ σ (n,t) in Ni, Fe, Ti, Zr, Mo, Mg, MeV: measured to be analyzed + next irradiations at lower neutron spectra measurement using SCD: first check performed fresh target measurements planned for June/July 2011
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