# x 10. Quiz 1next Monday, June 18 Names/symbols of common elements Two math problems from chapter 2
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1 Announcements Wednesday, June 13, 2012 Quiz 1next Monday, June 18 Names/symbols of common elements Two math problems from chapter 2 MasteringChemistry assignments (due at 11:59 pm): Ch 1-2a: this Fri, June 15 Ch 2b: next Tue, June 19 Lab assignments: Exp 1 postlab quiz: this Fri, June 15, 9am Exp 2 prelab quiz: next Mon, June 18, 9am Reading assignments: Ch 3-4: next Mon, June 18 Scientific notation Scientific notation: used to easily report very small or very large numbers always clearly shows any desired number of significant figures (never ambiguous) # x = 10 1 = 2.00 x 10 2 = 10 2 = 10 3 = x 10 2 = 5500 = ch2b Page 1 ch2b Page 2
2 Scientific notation Entering scientific notation into a calculator 9.78 x 10 3 decimal To use scientific notation on your calculator, you must use the E EE or EXP key x 10-2 decimal To enter 1.38 x 10 5 : sci To enter x 10-3 : text calculator: numeric calculator: ch2b Page 3 ch2b Page 4
3 Sig figs in calculations Sig figs in calculations 1. Multiplying or dividing: a. find the value with the fewest sig figs b. round answer to that number of sig figs You travel 20.0 miles in 3.0 hours. What is your average speed in miles per hour? 2. Adding and subtracting: a. Find the value with the fewest number of decimal places (numbers to right of decimal point) b. Answer is rounded to that number of decimal places cm cm cm = cm / 5 pieces = x 10 2 cm x 9.2 x 10-4 cm = Multiplying or dividing Answer limited by Adding or subtracting ch2b Page 5 ch2b Page 6
4 Combination calculations Measurement units Only round onceat the end of a series of calculations! Keep track of significance in intermediate calculations by underlining the last significant digit g+8.5 g cm cm = The SI unitsare a part of the metric system. English system: feet, inches, pounds, etc. Basic SI units: length: meter (m) mass: kilogram (kg) temp: kelvin (K) mass: measure of the amount of matter present measured on a On your own... weight: amount of gravitational force measured on a ( ) x (2.338 x 1.53) = kg (SI unit): g (gram): ch2b Page 7 ch2b Page 8
5 SI prefixes Volume SI prefixeschange the size of a unit by a power of 10 Volume is the amount of space occupied prefix abbrev. power of 10 (definition) kilo k 10 3 = 1000 centi c 10-2 = 1/100 = 0.01 milli m 10-3 = 1/1000 = kg = g = g 1 cm = m = m 1 m = cm = cm 1 ml = L = L 1 L = ml = ml m = dm The unit gets the number. 1 cm 3 = 1 L = = cm = mm (d = 10-1 ), c = 10-2, m = 10-3 ch2b Page 9 ch2b Page 10
6 Dimensional analysis Dimensional analysisis a process of unit conversion that works by cancelling unwanted units. Say you're throwing a party. You prepare for: 15 guests 3 drinks per guest Dimensional analysis 43.2 m =? cm remember k = 10 3 c = 10-2 m = 10-3 In dimensional analysis, we use: 1 single given value to start with conversion factors 2 units "per" equation (2.54 cm = 1 in) 217 in =? km (start with a roadmap) Give the answer with the correct number of sig figs and in scientific notation. Start with the single value then mult. by conversion factor fraction so original unit cancels. ch2b Page 11 ch2b Page 12
7 Density Densityis the amount of mass per unit volume = mass volume An object has a mass of 14.3 g and a volume of 9.8 ml. What is its density in g/cm 3 What is its density in oz/in 3? Density is an intensive property(it does not depend on quantity.) So, it can be used to identify substances. Substance Density gold 19.3 g/cm 3 mercury 13.6 g/cm 3 water g/cm 3 air g/cm 3 = 1.30 g/l ch2b Page 13 ch2b Page 14
8 Density as a conversion factor Conversion practice Density is THEconversion factor between mass and volume. What volume Hg (in ml) has a mass of 4.86 g? The density of Hg is 13.6 g/cm 3. An object has a mass of 12.1 kilograms and a density of 4.5 g/ml. What is the volume of this object in fluid ounces? (1 fl oz = ml) If you have 9.48 L Hg, what is its mass in grams? A sample of a liquid weighs 42.5 lb and has a density of 0.95 g/cm 3. What is its volume in gallons? ch2b Page 15 ch2b Page 16
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