! " # $%& Puccinia striiformis West f.sp. tritici

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1 ! " # $%& Puccinia striiformis West f.sp. tritici /.., #. ( 0! ( )* +, -. 2! ( +1 ' 31 " 1, $ 7 0! 1& 6( )* " 5 5, 42 4 & %& 1& *! 0,: & 0!.230 E E150 " %&,, " 1 =* " 5%<! 6E16 & ; %& 38E150 %&..& 230E150 infection (IT).,!, Disease Severity (DS).@ #?>.,, " B.(ACI) Average coefficient of infection.@ & A&> type 4,, & " D* 1&. (DS).@ # ;.C%: % ( (IT),.Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) - H1 0! GB.@ # 4 &.F&, D* 1&. 6- E.,! 0!.,! & 90 D* 1& 6.& J,. :%:. I* 4 " B 0!.K 5%.; "B Jpateco73S +, " "?.!. "L! 0. " B 0! 5* "B!.Sardari +,.0: F.B 0! * : ( +,,. 6/.., 0! *., #. 0! # * : 4 /.., 0! 5* #. 0!.K 5%.; "B Oxely APR "B " 0! #. 0! 5* DB 4 "B! 6Avocet Yr 18 +, (minor gene) "L! : " 6# :O 4 N 7 " "B EHM 6/.., 0!.K 5%.; 4..,. R. 0! 1 " 5< "B * " P, HM Q 0 +, EHM : & 0! 1& F$%& ' & " S " Q,M 6* +, 0! : 12 J " & 0 230E150 %& 4 #* 6#. 0! * ), 0 Yr1, Yr5, Yr3+4 Yr 6, Yr15: : Q H 6. R. 0! J1& "B 0 )* 4 - * ), 6J,,$ & &$ * 0! # +, 4 N "J %1 " J*,. D %& * +, N "O. )< B.- HM ", 0 < " *. F$%& 0! ". 7 - ' ". - 5TJ, 5% B 0! )*., 4 * #*., J, 7 0! : 6(Major gene) &T :. 4&. HM E, 0 & " ) ".., 0. & 0 B : " 5%<!.(minor gene) & %1 ".: ; (durable resistance) #& * " P,. 1 +,., 0! (R) #. 0! (2 0) F! "B UJB E 0! - F* JB - * F (H "! :B F& F '&. ), H 6/..K.* +, 4 N F, * : *, 0! 1. : B.!" #$

2 ...Puccinia striiformis Wesi ' ( ) * +, %& 2 ( +1 Interaction of Specific (Selected) Races of Yellow Rust Fungus Puccinia striiformis West f. sp.ttritici with Bread Wheat Varieties at Seedling and Adult Plant Stages S. Kharouf ; F. Azmeh and A. Yahyaoui ABSTRACT The study is based on 42 varieties and types of bread wheat. A mixture of urediniospores of the two strains (38E150 and 230E150) was used in inoculation in the first season. In the second season, 230E150 is replaced with a less severe strain 6E16 in addition to a mixture of urediniospores. Disease severity (DS), infection type (IT), and average coefficient of infection (ACI) were determined for the three treatments. DSI was estimated using a scale of and the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). Infection type (IT) which is the plant response towards the pathogen, is determined using the same method which estimates the proportion of the tissues affected by the disease during a given period of time throughout the entire epidemic development of the pathogen. The average of the highest coefficient of disease severity is considered as an indicator when taking the readings during a seven-day interval of three periods..as scale is used to study plant reaction during seedling stage; it is found that the variety Jpateco73S is susceptible during both stages indicating the lack of any resistance gene in its genetic composition. The variety Sadari, on the other hand, was resistant during both stages and, consequently, the resistance gene during seedling stage gave the plant the necessary resistance during the adult stage. The variety Oxely APR was susceptible during the seedling stage but resistant during the adult stage. In contrast, the variety Avocet Yr 18 was susceptible only during the adult stage. This condition is due to the effect of temperature. Consequently, varieties which have this type of resistance can be used by plant breeders. In spite of the virulence of the natural population of the yellow rust fungi, and some variants used in the study, such as race 230E150, which was able to attack the gene in 12 Differential varieties, there are still a number of such genes Yr1, Yr5, Yr3 +4 Yr 6, Yr15, which gives the resistance in the seedling stage which can be used in breeding programs, and transported through hybridization to the items adopted and cultivated in the country, especially the widespread, thereby reducing the damage caused by this pathogen. The above suggests that identifying the resistant varieties for a given strain is not sufficient for the disease control without determining the degree of severity of the disease and knowledge of how the genes work to give the plant the ability to resist wheat yellow rust during both growing stages. This is related to major genes and minor genes in addition to availability of cumulative inheritance which assist plant breeders. The variety Cham 1 is likely to have durable resistance as all studies demonstrated its ability to resist the disease at all stages with a reaction of (0-2) during seedling stage, and R during the adult stage. Therefore, it is recommended that this variety to be planted on large scale while studies should continue to determine the rust resistance gene to be introduced to susceptible varieties. Key words: Wheat, Yellow rust, Stripe rust, Resistance, Adult plant, Seedling, Syria. Faculty of Agriculture, P.O.Box 30621, Damascus University, Syria. 368

3 * /01& 2&.' ) # - * %*.#&& " #& 117* &$&4 21( <.' =*&.(Jones and Clifford,1983) CAD D &.@AB 2#?&9 ) %20 3 & %*. %* ) " 2&E ) %70 * ) A4 ) Stripe Yellow rust ' H,H 7E Rusts <' G#& )1 Leaf rust 21 Stem rust '! rust 21( 1* %* $ 65!*& 2& "&+ # 7.' ( G#& (1995 K 2#) 7( I# 2( 7&! J& +,1 )1 3 * L /&* A4 & )1 # J 4 2( & 59 7& 2( & $.(Stubbs, 1985) %<# ) 3 Stripe rust rust Yellow '. I$ /A Puccinia striiformis West f. s. p. tritici (2) / 1$ 65 6H* # A 6 I! 2(.1 I 7 7M& 2& 8<' C7M 34 6M )1 251 A4 1 1* A <' ) ' G# 17M.)N 31&* J1# F && 2 )1 C1B 1' &.2 $&! ) 6. 21( 1& Physiological races 1$ +, #& O' <' AD DF ) %<# J.# 4 2( & 59 7& $ (B$! 2( 7& J'.# 21( )&* 2( %<# 2( 7M&.(Stubbs, 1985 P1992 I*) Adult plant * 2( Seedling resistance * D#& #( 2( J&& 2( (& H )Q( 8. resistance.1# ( B& 4 2# AD & %* J,& ) R1$ +1* )Q1( # # IF. I& R H 1$.(1992 I*) $ S<& J' ) )$7&! ) 7&H H I*&& H 114 H %$ 2( 17 )H * 2( #( 7 " Puccinia striiformis I*&&. A7 ) (Stubbs, 1988) ".< )& F %& %" $& )+ KA ) IF 3.I# 2( C"&! J& 2( 7 H 369

4 ...Puccinia striiformis Wesi ' ( ) * +, %& 2 ( ( (,&+.# $ 6< %H& L& AD ).&( %1* 21( H 2(. HE& (# T#& 8.(1992 I*) A4.1 J & S 2( B D A & & + H ) 3 /&*& 2& J' & 2 ).& C& %* 2(. 3 & 2& 2& H' A K& U1 ) 6,5( ' ) * +, HE& 34 =* AD JD CA1D %#( / J.# 2( V' ) 21( H HE& O (# B / 2( J' 7 I*& JM )5 * 2( * JM )5 )&* &. * 2( F*T C. :, $ 7 0! 1& ( =* W1 : & 2( I& 1*) 1* %& )! I ) $ V' ) W %1 Morocco J1 1 3 DH4 ) # (+ < 2( )N 3&* & 2& +, % R - % 8 H /A -.), 21 1 %* 2( * %& R 2( (# $, W 1 21( M* 38 E150 () ($! 2( =*.@7 ) F $$ E150 * %& R 2( (# $, W?.@7 ) F $$ 2( M* 230 )&, V' I& ( 0,: & 2( )1 6+ 7&A M* 2( 65 (# 6 E 16 E150 21( 1 =* 2 ) A 3 %* I& 38 E150,. # =* # <7 ($! :* & 2 )1 #& Reaction Type (RT) 9 (# J' X& Latent (LP) )1 $' 9 C$& %#( 370

5 % 7M 9 ) 2D Period.Infection Type (IT) 7&4 2<1 & %, * 2(. HE& $' * /A 19 " I & - % - &. 3# /A I / Disease severity (DS) % D (6 13W11) ) & D" - % J $& 1 19 " )Q( * 2( 9 W7 $ * 2( 6$.7 + " A 2( < &#Y.%10034 %& 1($!1 21( =* 2 %* 2( $ %' I1 2( ". * M(* * %& 2( (4) 1& J1' 1$ )1 1&[ 61H /17 1(# isogenic 6H 7"& J' $ (Johanson et al., 1972) 1 I1 21 J ) 6,5( PE" & 2D Cobbty I I" 6 I" 8 I" 2D J J5 1 I" '. Gerek Anza YrA ) * %1& 2( %* 2( & R # 2( & J' 2 2.5) I33= 1$& 1# * R % 2( H,H %# ) I 30 ( I1 % ) 2( J % A =*.(I & 1H*.1 21( A 12 %# N J ) I 50 N 2001/12/2 %' I 2( 2000/12/6 ]& % 6H ' 5 O# $.%46 1D/200 P 2 O 5 1D/ 40 %# 2H I 2( (Zadoks et al.,1974) X #& 40 20@"9 * 2( & + )5, 9 & ".), 2( )1 1 1& IH.&! 3 6$ V'!& 2( & F.K& R V' ) % 3 M(* X1 61#& %9 * 2( S<& )1 L % A (Zadoks et al., 1974) H1 1B 1 1 6#& (DS) 9 " & I&.O' Resistance X1 I& (IT) 7 % Susceptible 1 1& (MR) Moderate Resistance I 1 (R) 371

6 ...Puccinia striiformis Wesi ' ( ) * +, %& 2 ( +1 (S) Susceptible 1- %1 1- & (MS) Moderate )1 %1 (ACI) 19 %1# & Y*.(Peterson et al., 1948) :#!( (AUDPC). & 3* *& * =,H,# AUDPC= [ D1( X1+X2)/2]+[D2(X2+X3)/2] :)4 A4 HH 34 ) I' = D2 H 34 ) I' 2H 2( 9 " = X2 %' 2( 9 " =H 2( 9 " :.1 & 3 = D1 = X1 = X3 1 21( 8&+, J ) $ R 1 X& % & ) (I7) B &, # " '. /A 7 R 2& 3 (1: 2.7:1.3) 1 "(.M& 2( / 6 6,1 L1$ % I&.K& R$ H* V' ) +1# (Bulk) 1 V 6E16 38E E150) ) * *& # 5*. ) I H # KA (& Xb 2±10 * $ 24 7 I*& JM )5 5* 2( 1* $ O 5* 34 KA # %80W70 #& 1 %1& I1& I&.6 17 & Xb 2±15 1" 1F, TY (McNeal et al., 1971) 9W0 X& I 3 &+ A4 (virulent) 1" 6W0 ) D@4 %#( ) (avirulent). (Johnson. et al.,1972) 9 W7 ) 7D$& %#( ) ;, RT, +, J %#( 2( 6( %' I 2( S<& 7M& I V1' ) O# C$& KA 230 E E150 )&, ) % C$& A4 " =* 2( )&& )&# & 34 6M KA Yr8 Yr2 YrA, Yr9 1 1H 3 B& 3 )& )&, ) E150, ) ) 6,5( Yr6 Yr7 YrSD Yr6+ Yr7+ Yr2+.Yr9+ YrSU Yr3V )&H ) $ 3 65 )& )&# ) 6,5( & + )5& ( V' 1 O1 1H 3, 7 H 2( H0 8Q( IH ).(1 %$) O' +# 75&& 372

7 $%& E /.., 0! %1 +,! (1) "&, $ 7 +2 "< #.1 P. striiformis ,: & & I@ 0! 1& $%& I@ 0! 1& $%& / %1 M =* 230E150 6E16 1 M =* 230E150 38E150 C +, 1 * 25MS 55S 35S 45MS 25MS 60S 40S 75MS Yr18 Jupateco73R 25MS 55S 35S 45MS 25MS 60S 40S 75MS Jupateco73S 35MS 30MS 75MS 65MS 5S 30MS 75MS 25S Yr18 Avocet 25S 70S 95S 55S 60S 70S 95S 90S Yr17 Avocet 5R 5R 5MR 5R 5MR 5R 5MR 25MR Sardari 10MR 5R 15MR 10MR 5R 5R 15MR 5R Yr1 Chinese166 R R R R 5MR R R 1 5 M R Yr1 Avocet 5R 5R 5MR 5R 5MR 5R 5MR 15MR Yr1 Aroona 25MS 20S 30S 25MS 5MS 20S 30S 5MS Yr3+4 Vilmorin23 10MR 5MR 10MR 10MR MR5 5MR 10MR 35MR Strupes DikkoPF 15MS 55MS 45MS 35MS 15MS 55MS 60MS 55MS Suwan92x Omar 55MS 70S 35S 45MS 10S 70S 35S 20S Yr2+ Heins VII 15MS 55S 55S 25MS 10MS 35S 15S 20MS Yr2 Kaly Ansona 25MS 10S 15S 5S 15MS 10S 5S 50MS Yr5 Avocet R 5R 5R R 5 R 5R 5R 5R Yr5 Aroona 5R 10MR 10MR 5R 5MR 25MR 10MR 5MR Yr5 Triticum spelta 5R 30MR 25MR 5R 5MR 20MR 5MR 5MR Yr10 Avocet 5R 15MR 10MR 5R 5MR 15MR 10MR 5MR Yr15 Avocet 15MR 10MR 5MR 15MR 5MR 5MR 5MR 15MR Yr15 Aroona 50S 70S 95S 50S 45S 70S 95S 75S Avocet S 20S 25S 40S 15S 25S 35S 40S 35S Avocet R 5MS 10MS 35MS 5MS 15MS 5MS 20MS 25MS Yr24 Avocet 45MR 10MS 5MS 55MR 10MS 5MS 5MS 10MS Yr26 Avocet 25MS 40MS 65MS 20MS 25MS 40MS 65MS 45MS Yr Corella R R 5R R 5 R R 5 R 5R Yr6+APR Oxely 35S 65S 70S 30S 30S 65S 70S 50S 1I" 5MS 25MS 15MS 5MS 15MS 20MS 20MS 15MS Seris2 10S 90S 70S 10S 25S 90S 70S 45S Yr17 Aroona 35MS 40S 45S 55MS 25S 40S 45S 35S Yr11 Avocet 5MS 20MS 40MS 15MS 35MS 40MS 65MS 55MS Yr7 Avocet 45MS 60S 55S 65MS 20S 60S 45S 35S Yr12 Avocet 65S 95S 99S 90S 70S 95S 99S 90S YrA Anza 55S 90S 85S 55S 60S 95S 95S 90S Morocco 55MS 65MS 45MS 75MS 20MS 35MS 35MS 30MS 4I" 55MS 15S 15S 75MS 10MS 25S 95MS 25MS Greek 15MS 55MS 85MS 25MS 5MS 15MS 45MS 25MS 8I" 10MS 30MS 55MS 10MS 80MR 30MS 15MS 5MS Douma MR 20MR 35MR 10MR 10MR 20MR 35MR 10MR 6I" 5R 5R 5R 5R R R R R D o u m a R 5MR 5MR 5R 5R 5MR 5MR 5R Douma MR 10MS 25MS 5MR 5R 5MS 25MS 5MR Douma R 5MR 15MR 5R 5R 5MR 5MR 5R Douma13903 cc 7 ) H #& ) # %H 7& $d.# J' % = S & =MS & = MR I = R. 2< & %, * 2(. HE& $' 34 " I * 373

8 ...Puccinia striiformis Wesi ' ( ) * +, %& 2 ( +1 1& 1 31', 3 7#( 2& J' )' ) 6, % %" ) V' 3 H, 3 7#( 1 MS 7#( 2& J'(.D" O ) & 2& J' S<& H& ( S R MR 7#( 2& KA,# % *& & 1H 21( 1DHE& 2( & +, ) H AD %' I 2(. 1" J,&1 34 6M,# ) 6( 2H I S<& 7M 1 H %*& J 3 " 6E16, & =* +, J1' ) *5! 38 E150, ) 6+ Yr8, Yr7, Yr6 J1'.# ) =* # CAD C$& & J' %#( & =*.(1 %$) - 6, N 75# ) )* 2( & O 6 1H )1& )A1Jupateco73RYr18 Avocet Yr18 ) & McIntosh. et ) * 2( ' & 2& Yr18 2( )&& )&, )&D C$& - % %#( (al., 1995 I1& R1 9 " &. V' C$& KA %' I.(1 %1$) 1 V' ) I& 60S34 =* )4 / 1" %' 6E16, I& IF 2H I S<& R KA!(& 1( 2(. 9 ) [!& I Yr18 H S<1& 2( & +# % C$& 7 6 ) ) %#( 21( 1 2 D#& ) ) A (2 %$).(McIntosh, 1988) R (&.(1 %") & 2( - 7& Avocet R Avocet S Jupateco 73 S J' & 1 2 %#( Jupateco 73 S J O 2&* 1 1* 2( 90S 34 9 " (2 %$) * 2( (9) 1 * 2( 7#( U& ( Avocet R Avocet S ) %1$) 70S * 2( 7#( ) )* 2( (2 %$) ) )1 )&* & 2( ) L /E I&& + J' CAD ) 0 (1 V1' D" =* (2 %") I& R & 9 " ) M*, 21( K1&& + J' CAD ) 3 % (# % 3 )15 3&* 9 ) 2& ) R&& I A H / 2H 7&.(1 %$) # O# JM 374

9 ! $%&.K #. 0! %1 +,.N.; (2) P. striiformis! " & 1 $ +, V' ) - % =9W8 230E150 38E150 6E16 = +, / % Yr18 Jupateco73R Jupateco73S Yr18 Avocet Yr17 Avocet Sardari Yr1 Chinese Yr1 Avocet Yr1 Aroona Yr3+4 Vilmorin W Strupes DikkoPF W Suwan92x Omar Yr2+ Heins VII Yr2 Kaly ansona Yr5 Avocet Yr5 Aroona Yr5 Triticum spelta Yr10 Avocet Yr15 Avocet Yr15 Aroona W Avocet S W Avocet R Yr24 Avocet Yr26 Avocet Yr Corella Yr6+APR Oxely I" Seri Yr17 Aroona Yr11 Avocet Yr12 Avocet Yr7 Avocet W Morocco W 4I" Yr A Anza W Greek W 8I" W Douma W 6I" W Douma W Douma W Douma W Douma & =7W6W5 & = 4W3 I = 2W1 375

10 ...Puccinia striiformis Wesi ' ( ) * +, %& 2 ( +1 Avocet Yr R9=63 R8=56 R7=49 R6=42 R5=35 R4=28 R3=21 R2=7 R1=0 230 E E 150 BULK M,, 8. 1 #.1 $%&..@ # (1) B Avocet Yr18 +, 4 Jupateco YRS R9=63 R8=56 R7=49 R6=42 R5=35 R4=28 R3=21 R2=7 R1=0 230 E E 150 BULK & M,, 8. 1 #.1 $%&..@ # (2) B S Jupateco +, 4 376

11 )14 2( - 8& J# Saradari J %H J'.# 1& %1* %,1 R 34 MR 7#( ). (Ketata, 2002) )1 1 3 $& 2( * 2( (2) 8#( ) )* 2( 21( 1$. $ +, ) ) ) 8E KA.6 4 I KA 3 < 2( $ K& H )& + )4 3! /&*& 2& V' D" 2( J AD.(3 %") +, ) Sardari R9=63R8=56R7=49R6=42R5=35R4=28R3=21 R2=7 R1=0 230 E E 16 BULK CHECK 38E M,, 8. 1 #.1 $%&.@ # (3) B.Sardari +, 4 $ ( Lupton and Macer., 1962) % ) ( 2& Yr1 H 1( Chinese166 Yr1 Avocet Yr1 Aroona Yr1 J1' ) % 2( Bayles. et al., ) I1#!1 %1 2( )&* & 2( I %#( * 2( (5R) * 2( (2) H CAD %#( (2001 CA1D %& ) A =* AD 2( R!& AD.(2 1%$) J1' ) H % 3 %#& 2& & S )5 H A1D 21( 7 %* I& 2& S<& 34 M. J' 3 Kaly ansona J 2( Yr2 H 2( HE& L&. ) )& =* Vilmorin23 J1 21( +4 Yr3 1H KA Yr2+ Heins VII H 377

12 ...Puccinia striiformis Wesi ' ( ) * +, %& 2 ( +1 1 * 2( - 6, ) & I IH ) %" 3 V' 230E150 38E150 6E16 +, C$& (8-7-6) 2( %#( % =* 6$ % 34 (60MS) - & 2& R1!1(& 1 A1D (2 1%$) * 2( 70S 34 %' I 1 ) % 2( 9 ) 2( 8&( I H A4 21(.(Vallavieille, Pope. et al., 1989) 1 %1" K1 ( 1M(* 4 H CA7 &H Yr5 H 3 $ 2& & 21( 17 C& %* 2(. C$& 7&( 3 )*.(Chen, 2003) ' *& + 7 7( 2& I#! 2( (1%$) 5R =* Yr5 H %*& 2& & %#( 7"& 1 1 H / (2 %$) ) *&( * * 2( & 7E (# Yr5 H )4 / # 2( 8& %1 1 * 2( & * (Stubbs, 1988) + 21& 1 H ID ) 2D Yr5 H ) 34 D "9 $& 65 Aroona, J' 2( I#! J& 2( & %* 2( #( %&.(4 %") Avocet R9 R8 R7 Aroona Y r 5 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R E E E 150 BULK CHECK M,, 8. 1 #.1 $%&..@ # (4) B.Aroona Yr5 +, 4 378

13 21( 1 =1* - % %#( ( Yr17,Yr 7, H 1 * 2( - 8& & (2 %$) * Avocet )1 )1 % 2( KA 95S 34 90S ) %# *& ( )&1D 31 $ * & I& H* %, ).Aroona 61# ),"& 7 $ =*. 3 )& F 7 H )&H 1 8 J 2( H 2& HE& )Q( IH ) Yr 9 H R 6H. ( Hovmøller, 2000) - 8& ) Yr11 )&H1 ),* )A Avocet Yr12 Avocet Yr11 ) O1 1 2&* 2( - ) ( 2& 3 Yr #( =* * 2( 2H ) - %' Stubbs =1* R $& CAD & 40S 2H %#( )* 2( 90S 1H 17 3 ' J' ) )&H )&D %# I (1985). ) $ )A Johnson (1992) McIntosh (1988) R!&& 3 %#& 2& S ) D#& %5 A )&H )&7. H % 21(. 7& Yr10 H %*& 2& AvocetYr10 J' 7M 2( 5R * 2( (4) %#( ) A4 P), 2( ) % %1" 2( "& +, )5 7&( H CAD &H * 1 A 65 CAD 8&&H AD.(Hovmoller, 2007) 7 F.& S 2( H CAD %Q LA1 3 R& H KD ) (Stubbs, 1985) I# J"& 1985 I 2( C$& 2#& < H CAD ) H 1B I 3 %* 2( & 7 H 2& Yr15 H CAD (. =1* R1 =* AD S<& (& (McIntosh, 1996) 7 C& C1$& 17#( ) Aroona Yr15 Avocet Yr15 J' 2( $ 2( (4) * 2( 7& & =* 2( & +,.(2 1%$) 25R34 5R) 2( *& )* 379

14 ...Puccinia striiformis Wesi ' ( ) * +, %& 2 ( +1 Oxely YrAPR 50 R9=63 R8=56 R7=49 R6=42 R5=35 R4=28 R3=21 R2=7 R1= E E 16 BULK M,, 8. 1 #.1 $%&..@ # (5) B.Oxely YrAPR 6+, 4 21( K1A 1- & %#( Yr Corella J 7M P & 2& Yr6 H 3 8<&* ) IF 3 * 17#$ 1 17&.& 34 O Yr7 H R H CAD $ ) +4 )1& ).& ) )( 2( * 2( KA & 1 I& H CAD )! 8 +4 Yr18 H $. 1H I& ) IF 3 J AD )E M*, A. 3 7& 1 2( 7& &H /A Yr18 H 7 H =,H 3 8<&* 8& 2( 45MS 34 25MS ) 8#( ). & 8f +4 )1 8#( * 2( - & Oxely YrAPR J ) J1 AD )' (R) 8#( ) * 2( 6 ) )* 2( (6 4) )4 A $& CAD * 2( H 3 /&* S1 2( 84 ) A 8&. ) 7 R& * CAD 2( AD.(5 %") (Singh, 1992). 7 J' ) 8' & 1& %#( Anza YrA J 7M.=* AD 2( S<& R 65!(& % ( 2( - 6, ) * 2( (6 7) )* 2(.(2 %$) V' 230E150 ", C$& 65S 45S 34 8#( 1 A1D (1 %$) 6E16" %', C$& (75MS) J#5 8#( 380

15 7#$ ( 1I" 6I" 8I" J' McIntosh,(1988) S<& R!(& 1* 21( 7#( )* 2(.2 W0 7#( B * 2( CA1D ) 31 % (5) I 34 (5MR) - & ) 1 71& )N 3&* (# F H H H 7& 2( K&& J' (20MS) - & %#( 3 ( 4I" J 1 1& * 2( 230E150, R 65MS 34 8#( A17 1& 1 6H & $ A (21%$) * 2( (4) - 2( 8#( *& (.)&* & 2( - 6, Greek J ) J 21( 1 I& 75MS 34 25S ) (2 %$) ) * 1( J'.(1 %$) # (5MR) 1 & 34 (5R) (2 0) * 2( 7#$ 1 17& 2( H 3 /&*& 7 3 % * 2( 1 1& %1#( ) O )* 2(.2H ( 55MS 34 25MS) * 2( KA * 2( (6 4) -.2& 3 7 % 8&+,1.#1 1' 2# R&$ " ) IF 3 2( H 12 I$7& ) & 2& 230E150, %H 2( & Yr1, Yr5, Yr3+4 Yr 6, %H H ) KD % 8Q( & J' * 2( 2& Yr15 %, ) 7 KA & S 2( 7& ) 2& 3 ' 7 "&+ # + 2( &# J' 34 )$7&.. AD ) I$& 2& 5' ) %. 6<7 6,* X, J' $4 )E 5& I& % ).1$ 8&+,1 21( )& O. R&$ " I9 ) %# 1 3 ' 7* O 2( H %# I9 (Major gene) 1< H 3!#& AD C 2&* & 2( ) $1 ).(McIntosh et al., 2001) (minor gene) H )1 H =* (durable resistance) < ) L 1I" J I& 21( (2 W0) 81#( )1 7 C 2(. 8& 7 %, 1H 8&1 8& R& A * 2( (R) * 1H %1 21( %. I 8 $ H (#.(1995 K 2#) - J'

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