Entanglement and its Manifestations in High Energy Physics

Transcription

1 EQua3 9 Beaix C. Hiesay Eagee ad is Maifesaios i High Eegy Physics by Beaix C. Hiesay Facuy of Physics Uivesiy of Viea Ausia Physics α Paice Physics β Quau Theoy expeiea pheoeoogica cocepua aheaica aspecs

2 EQua3 9 Beaix C. Hiesay Tesig q foudaios i High Eegy Physics Physics α Paice Physics β Quau Theoy Have doe: PQM QuauTheoy Quau Theoy PHEP Paice Physics Paice Physics Wi do: Pew New Physics New Physics β α { } New Physics Paice Physics Quau Theoy

3 EQua3 9 Beaix C. Hiesay Tesig QM i High Eegy Physics Pa I: Be iequaiies : A syey vioaio i paice physics eaed o oocaiy?! Pa II: The quau echaics of eua kaos Execises Pa III: Be iequaiies / How o descibe he decay popey? Easig he Pas ad Ipacig he Fuue by Ahaoov & Zubaiy Pa IV: The aoic Quau Ease/ Decoheece & Measues of Eagee o Quau Ifoaio es of eagee easues of uipaie qudi syses

4 EQua3 9 Beaix C. Hiesay Tesig QM i High Eegy Physics Pa I: Be iequaiies : A syey vioaio i paice physics eaed o oocaiy?! wod aiwod wod aiwod

5 EQua3 9 Beaix C. Hiesay Tesig QM i High Eegy Physics Pa I: Be iequaiies : A syey vioaio i paice physics eaed o oocaiy?! wod aiwod wod aiwod ao Aikao sd sd

6 Acceeaos EQua3 9 Beaix C. Hiesay

7 EQua3 9 Beaix C. Hiesay Acceeaos DAPHNE ex o Roe Iay E ex o Tokyo Japa

8 EQua3 9 Beaix C. Hiesay The EPR sceaio Aisyeic Be sae: { } ψ { } { H V V H } { } { B B B B } { I II }... spi /... qubi... phoo... kao... B-eso... sige euo i iefeoee

9 The EPR sceaio EQua3 9 Beaix C. Hiesay

10 EQua3 9 Beaix C. Hiesay The EPR sceaio 935: Eisei-Podosky-Rose-PARADOX The EPR eaiy cieio: If wihou i ay way disubig a syse oe ca pedic wih ceaiy i.e. wih he pobabiiy equa o oe he vaue of a physica quaiy he hee exiss a eee of physica eaiy coespodig o his physica quaiy. Æ Quau Theoy is o copee!

11 EQua3 9 Beaix C. Hiesay Wha ae Be iequaiies? eais ocaiy `fee wi oca eaisic heoies: No spooky acio a disace! Quau Mechaics: P a b P a c P c b iequaiies fo pobabiiies Æ aways saisfied! Æquau echaica pobabiiies ay vioae he iequaiies! Expeie has o decide!

12 EQua3 9 Beaix C. Hiesay Deivaio of he BI B A QM QM σ σ QM: B A B A...vaues of obsevabe hidde vaiabe quaisaio diecios ρ ρ d wih B A d E Be s ocaiy hypohesis idepede of

13 EQua3 9 Beaix C. Hiesay Deivaio of he CHH-BI Be s ocaiy hypohesis ρ ρ d wih B A d E { } { } { } ± ± ' ' ' ' ' ' ρ ρ ρ B A B A d B A B A d B A B A d E E { } { } ' ' ' ' ' ' ' E E B A d B A d E E ± ± ± ρ ρ ' ' ' ' ' ' E E E E fo a oca eaisic heoies CHH-Be iequaiy:

14 EQua3 9 Beaix C. Hiesay Wha ae Be iequaiies good fo? Has bee pove: quau cypogaphy poocos ae save if a Be iequaiy is vioaed! Quau Couicaio Copexiy: Be iequaiies ae ecessay ad sufficie codiios fo quau poocos o bea he cassica oes! Coeaios bewee space-ike ocaios exis which ae soge ha ay `cassica coeaios Eagee ad o-ocaiy ae diffee higs!

15 EQua3 9 Beaix C. Hiesay Be iequaiy fo phoos OOPHOE: ocaiy ~o couicaio ove acoscopic disaces possibe wihi speed of igh!!coed!! deecio efficiecy ~fai sapig hypohesis!!not COED!! η ; equied η >. 83

16 EQua3 9 Beaix C. Hiesay Be iequaiy fo ios OOPHOE: exp.5 ±.3 ocaiy ~o couicaio ove acoscopic disaces possibe!! NOT COED!! deecio efficiecy ~fai sapig hypohesis!!coed!! d 3µ equied d > 3k

17 EQua3 9 Beaix C. Hiesay Be-ike iequaiy fo euos pi ue Phaseshife χ 45> pi oao α Hasegawa Rauch -45> Aoic Isiue i Viea exp.5 ±.9 ess coexuaiy ~he vaue of a obsevabe spi DOE deped o he co-easued obsevabe pah

18 EQua3 9 Beaix C. Hiesay Wha ae eua kaos? ageess: Mass-eigesaes: { } A kao is a kid of doube si ao i ie: sho-ived sae og-ived sae { } i Γ Γ i e e Feya diaga Γ s...decay widh of Γ / 6 Γ...decay widh of.5 Γ...ass diffeece

19 EQua3 9 Beaix C. Hiesay iiaiies/diffeeces Phoos aos { } H V V H ψ ψ V P V H H P cos φ ; ; 4 8 cos ; ; e e e P P Γ Γ Γ Γ Γ Γ Γ cos ; ; 4 P P No decay

20 EQua3 9 Beaix C. Hiesay The CHH-iequaiy fo he eua kao syse E ; E ; E ; E ; CHH a b a c d b d c QM: Ekao a; b cos a b e u E ; cos φ phoo Γ a b fo a oca eaisic heoies Phoo ao Vioaio! NO vioaio! PROPOITION: The CHH-iequaiy is vioaed iff x> fo kaos o x>.6 fo he ohe esos. ageess osciaio/decay: x Γ Γ B-esos: x.77 D-eso: x<.3 B d -esos: x>.6

21 EQua3 9 Beaix C. Hiesay Is i eay o possibe o disiguish bewee oca eaisic heoies ad quau echaics fo eua kaos? You have o be oe icky!!!

22 EQua3 9 Beaix C. Hiesay!?Eagee eaed o a syey vioaio?! Be iequaiies CP vioaio wod ai-wod

23 Nobepize fo CP vioaio EQua3 9 Beaix C. Hiesay

24 EQua3 9 Beaix C. Hiesay How o descibe kaos? owedge obaied by sog ieacio I a a kao wih : Q-I 3 -B/ I a a aikao wih - P P CP e iα C e iα CP e iα C e iα CP α is a uphysica phase ad i coveioa physics se o zeo CP { iα e } { iα e }

25 EQua3 9 Beaix C. Hiesay CP vioaio Feya { { 3 CP CP π π Expeie: 964 Chisese Coi Fich ad Tuay } { } { } { } { q p q p N N ε ε ε ε s s Γ Γ Γ ε CP vioaio

26 EQua3 9 Beaix C. Hiesay `ide effecs of CP vioaio aie Wha do you ea by ef o igh? Wha do you ea by posiive o egaive chaged? Aswes: Because of CP vioaio we have a absoue defiiio of ef ad igh hee exiss a diffeece bewee a wod of ae ad a wod of aiae. Posiive chage is he chage of he epo oe ofe poduced i he seiepoic decay of he. Do NOT kow: Wha is he oigi of CP vioaio? Why is i ha sa?

27 EQua3 9 Beaix C. Hiesay BI eaed o CP vioaio? β γ γ α β α P P P P P P { } q q p e i * Re α p P N QM 4 q e p P i N QM α 4 P QM α abiay: 3 σ σ σ CP CP Uchiyaa 997

28 EQua3 9 Beaix C. Hiesay Opiizig he BI Phase choice bewee p ad q: β Re { iα *} { i α β } e p q p q Re e q Opiized: αβ p q This BI is expeieay esabe!

29 EQua3 9 Beaix C. Hiesay Expeiea veificaio of he BI epoic Chage Asyey: Expeie ± Γ Γ Γ Γ ν π ν π ν π ν π δ Theoy Q : u s u s sd sd ν π ν π ν ν q p q p δ N q N p -paice sae

30 EQua3 9 Beaix C. Hiesay Expeiea veificaio of he BI epoic Chage Asyey: Expeie ± Γ Γ Γ Γ ν π ν π ν π ν π δ δ δ Be iequaiy:!? CP vioaio eaed o oocaiy!? q p?!!??! -paice sae δ q p q p δ

31 EQua3 9 Beaix C. Hiesay uay Gedake expeie: Iseed q.. pobabiiies io BIs: Expeie: δ 3. 7 ±. ieaue: P P P P P Bea Gius Hiesay Be iequaiy ad CP vioaio i he eua kao syse Phys. e. A 89 B.C. Hiesay. A geeaized Be iequaiy ad decoheece fo he ai- syse. Foud. of Phys. e Bea Hiesay Be iequaiies fo eaged kaos ad hei uiay ie evouio Phys. Rev. A 63 6 B.C. Hiesay Noocaiy ad Eagee i a sage syse Euopea Joua C Bea Bao Gabaio Hiesay Vioaio of a BI i paice physics expeieay veified? Phys. e. A P δ Disadvaage: Pobabiiies cao diecy be easued!

32 EQua3 9 Beaix C. Hiesay A ie hisoy Daw by R.A. Bea o he 6h bihday of Joh Be