Measurements of unpolarized azimuthal asymmetries. in SIDIS at COMPASS
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1 Measurements of unpolarized azimuthal asymmetries in SIDIS at COMPASS Trieste University and INFN on behalf of the COMPASS Collaboration
2 Measurements of unpolarized azimuthal asymmetries in SIDIS at COMPASS Outlook Introduction The COMPASS experiment Asymmetries extraction Results for completeness, also a look at Collins and Sivers asymmetries from 2007 polarized proton data
3 Q 2 = l l ' 2 x= Q2 2M y= = P l l ' P l P l l ' M z SIDIS ' ' l n l h X
4 Present experimental status ' ' l n l h X ' ' l n l h X
5 Unpolarized target SIDIS cross section (model independent, Bacchetta et al. 2006) cos UU 1 d F UU F cos h F cos2 UU 2 sin l LU 3 cos 2 h F sin h kine factors: 1 = 2 y 2 1 y 1 1 y 2 2 = 1 y 2 1 y 1 1 y 2 3 = y 2 1 y 1 1 y 2 3 independent modulations in the hadron azimuthal distribution beam polarization Cahn effect, Boer Mulder Boer Mulder, pqcd
6 The origin of the azimuthal asymmetries First measurements were proposed as test for perturbative QCD azimuthal asymmetry due to gluon radiation (Georgi Politzer, 1978) pqcd contributions expected to be important at pt> 1 GeV/c
7 The origin of the azimuthal asymmetries First measurements were proposed as test for perturbative QCD azimuthal asymmetry due to gluon radiation (Georgi Politzer, 1978) Alternative hypothesis azimuthal asymmetry due to quark intrinsic transverse momentum inside nucleon, kinematical effect (Cahn 1978)
8 Cahn effect Kinematical effect Leading order QED with non null quark transverse momentum (quark lepton scattering) d ' lh l h X i f i d d q i l q i' l ' q l q' l ' D QPM h i s 2 u 2 s = l k 2 ' 2 u = l k k t = 0 k t 0 Additional physics (modulations in the azimuthal distributions of the hadrons) cos ; cos 2
9 The origin of the azimuthal asymmetries First measurements were proposed as test for perturbative QCD azimuthal asymmetry due to gluon radiation (Georgi Politzer, 1978) Alternative hypothesis azimuthal asymmetry due to quark intrinsic transverse momentum inside nucleon, kinematical effect (Cahn 1978) Recently, interest is renewed because they can give further informations on Boer Mulders TMD PDF (Boer Mulders 1998) leading order PDF correlation between quark intrinsic transverse momentum and transverse polarization in an unpolarized nucleon
10 (TMD) PDF Boer Mulders PDF nucleon f1 g1 L h1 T Transversity PDF Sivers PDF
11 (TMD) PDF f1 nucleon Boer Mulders PDF g1 L h1 T h1 T Transversity PDF Sivers PDF (TMD) FF hadron quark U U D1 T H 1 Collins FF
12 (TMD) PDF f1 nucleon Boer Mulders PDF g1 L h1 T h1 T Transversity PDF Sivers PDF (TMD) FF hadron quark U U D1 T H 1 in cross section: PDF FF Collins FF h 1 H 1
13 The COMPASS experiment
14 COMPASS fixed target experiment at the CERN SPS broad physics programme Data taking since 2002: used in this analysis muon beam: 160 GeV/c longitudinal polarization 80% intensity 2*10^8 + / spill (4.8s/16.2s)
15 2004 COMPASS apparatus : 6LiD (polarised deuteron) dilution factor f = 0.38 polarization PT = 50%
16 data sample: (for this analysis) part of the 2004 data collected with longitudinal (L) and transverse (T) polarization with both target orientation configurations to cancel possible polarization effects event selection: (for this analysis) final statistics: (for this analysis) Q 2 1 GeV /c y 0.9 W 5 GeV /c z pt 1.5 GeV / c
17 Mean values of kinematical variables
18 Asymmetries extraction
19 To extract the asymmetries: the azimuthal distributions have to be corrected by the apparatus acceptance dedicated MC simulations for L and T target polarization data initial az. distribution final az. distribution acceptance
20 To extract the asymmetries: the azimuthal distributions have to be corrected by the apparatus acceptance dedicated MC simulations for L and T target polarization data final az. distribution the final azimuthal distributions are fitted with the function: { N corr = N 0 1 Acos cos Acos 2 cos 2 Asin sin }
21 systematic errors evaluated from: compatibility of results with L and T target polarization (different experimental conditions, different MCs) comparison of results obtained using two different MCs with different settings for each data set (LEPTO default, standard COMPASS high pt; ~extreme cases) compatibility of results from subsamples corresponding to different periods different geometrical regions for the scattered muon
22 Results
23 sin modulation Asin 3 3 = y 2 1 y l 1 1 y 2 error bars: statistical errors red bands: systematical errors
24 cos modulation Acos 1 1 = 2 y 2 1 y y error bars: statistical errors red bands: systematical errors
25 cos2 modulation Acos = 1 y 2 1 y 1 1 y 2 error bars: statistical errors red bands: systematical errors
26 summary: positive hadrons negative hadrons error bars: statistical only
27 cos comparison with theory predictions by: M. Anselmino, M. Boglione, A. Prokudin, C. Turk Eur. Phys. J. A 31, (2007) does not include Boer Mulders contribution
28 cos2 comparison with theory predictions by: V. Barone, A. Prokudin, B.Q. Ma arxiv: [hep ph] sum of all contributions Cahn effect Boer Mulders QCD (first order)
29 Conclusions (I) First results on unpolarized asymmetries from COMPASS sin compatible with zero cos stronger effect (up to 40%), cos2 up to 10% (good general agreement with predictions) Differences between asymmetries from positive and negative hadrons (cos and cos2 ) > hint of B M PDF new input for theoretical work and the better understanding of the nucleon structure
30 COMPASS results on transverse spin and transverse momentum effects on deuteron ( ) Transversity DF Collins asymmetry Two hadron asymmetries polarization charged only, identified hadrons charged only, identified hadrons Sivers DF single hadron asymmetries charged only, identified hadrons Other transverse spin dependent PDF single hadron asymmetries charged only, identified hadrons 2007 proton data...
31 just a flash: Collins and Sivers asymmetries extracted from proton data (2007) new COMPASS results shown at Transversity 2008 (Ferrara Italy) on transverse spin and transverse momentum effects
32 nucleon f hadron f1 U hh11tt h1t 1T D1 Sivers PDF Sivers asymmetries quark g1 L U D T H 1 1 Collins asymmetries h 1 T H1 transversity Collins FF two independent azimuthal modulation in hadrons distributions
33 Collins asymmetry statistical errors only; systematic errors ~0.3 stat at small x the asymmetries are compatible with zero in the valence region the asymmetries are different from zero, of opposite sign for positive and negative hadrons, and have the same strength and sign as HERMES
34 Collins asymmetry statistical errors only 6 LiD target
35 Sivers asymmetry statistical errors only; systematic errors ~0.5 stat the measured asymmetries are small, compatible with zero
36 Conclusions (II) Collins and Sivers asymmetries for protons Collins asymmetry on proton target is different from zero the effect is there at COMPASS energies (transversity PDF and Collins FF different from zero) Sivers asymmetries smaller, compatible with zero these results suggest small effect at COMPASS energies to be understood
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