fotón gluón WaZ A.Einstein A.Compton Richter, Ting M.Gell-Mann Ledermann Schwartz Steinberger Friedman Kendall Taylor Gross,Wilczek,Politzer

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1 Program pre učiteľov fyziky z členských štátov CERNu Fyzika elementárnych častíc 1. z čoho sa skladá svet Martin Mojžiš

2 elementárne častice elementárne fermióny leptóny kvarky elementárne bozóny fotón gluón W a Z bozón gravitón (?) Higgsov bozón neelementárne častice: protón, neutrón, pión,... volajú sa hadróny, skladajú sa z kvarkov

3 elementárne fermióny elektrón mión tau e-neutríno μ-neutríno τ-neutríno up charm top down strange bottom 1. rodina 2. rodina 3. rodina

4 elementárne bozóny fotón gluón W a Z bozón gravitón Higgsov bozón elektromagnetické silné jadrové slabé jadrové gravitačné spontánny narušiteľ

5 Nobelove ceny elektrón J.J.Thomson e-neutríno FReines F.Reines up Friedman Kendall Taylor down M.Gell-Mann mión Ledermann μ-neutríno Schwartz Steinberger charm Richter, Ting strange tau M.Perl τ-neutríno top bottom A.Einstein A.Compton fotón gluón Gross,Wilczek,Politzer WaZ Glashow,Weiberg,Salam Rubbia,van der Meer t Hooft, Veltman

6 antičasticeč ku každej elementárnej častici existuje antičastica častica a antičatica majú rovnakú hmotnosť, spin, častica a antičatica majú opačný elektrický náboj, elektrón neutríno up down ďalšie rodiny analogicky W + je antičastica k W pozitrón C.Anderson anti-neutríno neutríno tí anti-up E.Segrè anti-down O.Chamberlain fotón, gluón, Z, Higgs aj gravitón sú sami sebe antičastice

7 Q interakcie s fotónom 1 e μ τ elektrón mión tau 0 ν e e-neutríno ν μ μ-neutríno ν τ τ-neutríno 2/3 u c t up charm top 1/3 d d s b down strange bottom ±1 W ±

8 To help protect your privacy, PowerPoint prevented this external picture from being automatically downloaded. To download and display this picture, click Options in the Message Bar, and then click Enable external content. interakcie s gluónom e elektrón μ mión τ tau ν e e-neutríno ν μ μ-neutríno ν τ τ-neutríno u u u c c c t t t up charm top d d d s s s b b b down strange bottom

9 interakcie s W a Z bozónom e elektrón μ mión τ tau ν e e-neutríno ν μ μ-neutríno ν τ τ-neutríno u c t up charm top d s b down strange bottom

10 interakcie s gravitónom e elektrón μ mión τ tau ν e e-neutríno ν μ μ-neutríno ν τ < 10-5 < 0.5 < 60 τ-neutríno u 10 c 2600 t up charm top d 20 s 400 b down strange bottom

11 interakcie s Higgsom e elektrón μ mión τ tau ν e e-neutríno ν μ μ-neutríno ν τ τ-neutríno u c t up charm top d s b down strange bottom

12 svet ako stavebnica nukleóny u d u protón kto ich drží pokope? qluóny u d d neutrón aká je farba nukleónov biela! obrázky sú zavádzajúce, tvrdenia zjednodušujúce a farba nie je farba!

13 svet ako stavebnica jadrá deutérium kto ich drží pokope? qluóny (v istom zmysle) hélium ale veď sú biele nevadí (farba je v nich)! obrázky sú zavádzajúce, tvrdenia zjednodušujúce a farba nie je farba!

14 svet ako stavebnica atómy kto ich drží pokope? fotóny aký je náboj atómov nulový! obrázky sú strašne zavádzajúce, tvrdenia zjednodušujúce!

15 svet ako stavebnica molekuly kto ich drží pokope? fotóny ale veď sú neutrálne nevadí (náboj je v nich)! obrázky sú strašne zavádzajúce, tvrdenia zjednodušujúce!

16 svet ako stavebnica redukcionizmus fyzika molekulárnej väzby chémia chémia makromolekúl biochémia biochémia bunky molekulárna biológia molekulárna biológia fyziológia, psychológia psychológia sociológia, ekonómia sociológia volebné preferencie na Slovensku (až toto je nepochopiteľné)

17 akú úúo úlohu má vs stavebnici W-bozón? ó? β-rádioaktivita u d u d u + W u + e + ν e u d d W elektrón e ν e protón neutrón antineutríno! obrázky sú zavádzajúce, tvrdenia zjednodušujúce a farba nie je farba!

18 akú úlohu hrá v stavebnici Z-bozón? je to W-bozónov nerozlučný č ýk kamarát akú úlohu hrá v stavebnici H-bozón? dáva všetkým časticiam hmotnosti akú úlohu hrá v stavebnici gravitón? je to kľúčový hráč na vesmírnej škále

19 akú úlohu hrá druhá a tretia rodina? nikto nevie ale práve vďaka nim máme toľko neelementárnych častíc (hadrónov) mezóny qq baryóny π pión p protón ρ K ró-mezón kaón J/Ψ džejpsaj qqq u d, ud, dd uud u d, ud, dd n neutrón, us, ds ds Ω omega-hyperón sss u s, cc Λ c lambda-čarm udd udc

20 text confinement (uväznenie kvarkov)

21 koniec prvej časti

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