Pearson Georgia High School Mathematics

Transcription

1 A Correlation of Pearson Georgia High School Mathematics to the Common Core Georgia Performance s Advanced Algebra

2 FORMAT FOR CORRELATION TO THE COMMON CORE GEORGIA PERFORMANCE STANDARDS (CCGPS) Subject Area: K-12 Mathematics State-Funded Course: Textbook Title: Pearson Georgia High School Mathematics, Advanced Algebra Publisher: Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall The Common Core Georgia Performance s (CCGPS) for Grades K-12 Mathematics may be accessed on-line at: MCC9-12.N.CN.8 MCC9-12.N.CN.9 MCC9-12.A.SSE.1 MCC9-12.A.SSE.1a CCGPS Advanced Algebra Mathematics High School Number and Quantity The Complex Number System N.CN Use complex numbers in polynomial identities and equations. Extend polynomial identities to the complex numbers. For example, rewrite x as (x + 2i)(x 2i). (+) Know the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra; show that it is true for quadratic polynomials. Mathematics High School Algebra Seeing Structure in Expressions A.SSE Interpret the structure of expressions Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context. Interpret parts of an expression, such as terms, factors, and coefficients. 6-6: Theorems About Roots of Polynomial Equations; LESSON LAB 6-6: Using Polynomial Identities; 6-7: The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra 6-7: The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra 6-3: Polynomials, Linear Factors, and Zeros 2-1: Patterns and Expressions; 2-3: Algebraic Expressions; 5-3: Factoring Quadratic Expressions; 5-4: Quadratic Equations; 6-1: Polynomial Functions; 6-3: Polynomials, Linear Factors, and Zeros = Modeling s Page 1 of 13

3 MCC9-12.A.SSE.1b Interpret complicated expressions by viewing one or more of their parts as a single entity. For example, interpret P(1+r) n as the product of P and a factor not depending on P. 2-6: Absolute Value Equations and Inequalities; 6-4: Solving Polynomial Equations; 9-1: Exploring Exponential Models; 9-2: Properties of Exponential Functions; 9-3: Logarithmic Functions as Inverses MCC9-12.A.SSE.2 Use the structure of an expression to identify ways to rewrite it. For example, see x 4 y 4 as (x 2 ) 2 (y 2 ) 2, thus recognizing it as a difference of squares that can be factored as (x 2 y 2 )(x 2 + y 2 ). 5-3: Factoring Quadratic Expressions; 5-5: Completing the Square; 6-4: Solving Polynomial Equations; 8-1: Roots and Radical Expressions; 8-2: Multiplying and Dividing Radical Expressions; 8-3: Binomial Radical Expressions; 8-4: Rational Exponents; 9-4: Properties of Logarithms MCC9-12.A.SSE.3 Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems Choose and produce an equivalent form of an expression to reveal and explain properties of the quantity represented by the expression. 9-3: Logarithmic Functions as Inverses; 9-4: Properties of Logarithms; 9-5: Exponential and Logarithmic Equations; 9-6: Natural Logarithms MCC9-12.A.SSE.3c Use the properties of exponents to transform expressions for exponential functions. For example the expression 1.15 t can be rewritten as [1.15 (1/12) ] (12t) (12t) to reveal the approximate equivalent monthly interest rate if the annual rate is 15%. 9-1: Exploring Exponential Models MCC9-12.A.SSE.4 Derive the formula for the sum of a finite geometric series (when the common ratio is not 1), and use the formula to solve problems. For example, calculate mortgage payments. ACTIVITY LAB 11-5: Geometry and Infinite Series; 11-5: Geometric Series = Modeling s Page 2 of 13

4 MCC9-12.A.APR.1 MCC9-12.A.APR.2 MCC9-12.A.APR.3 MCC9-12.A.APR.4 MCC9-12.A.APR.5 Arithmetic with Polynomials and Rational Expressions A.APR Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials Understand that polynomials form a system analogous to the integers, namely, they are closed under the operations of addition, subtraction, and multiplication; add, subtract, and multiply polynomials. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials Know and apply the Remainder Theorem: For a polynomial p(x) and a number a, the remainder on division by x a is p(a), so p(a) = 0 if and only if (x a) is a factor of p(x). Identify zeros of polynomials when suitable factorizations are available, and use the zeros to construct a rough graph of the function defined by the polynomial. Use polynomial identities to solve problems Prove polynomial identities and use them to describe numerical relationships. For example, the polynomial identity (x 2 + y 2 ) 2 = (x 2 y 2 ) 2 + (2xy) 2 can be used to generate Pythagorean triples. (+) Know and apply that the Binomial Theorem gives the expansion of (x + y) n in powers of x and y for a positive integer n, where x and y are any numbers, with coefficients determined for example by Pascal s Triangle. (The Binomial Theorem can be proved by mathematical induction or by a combinatorial argument.) 6-2: Adding, Subtracting, and Multiplying Polynomials 6-3: Polynomials, Linear Factors, and Zeros; 6-5: Dividing Polynomials 5-4: Quadratic Equations; 6-3: Polynomials, Linear Factors, and Zeros; 6-7: The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra; ACTIVITY LAB 6-7: Graphing Polynomials Using Zeros LESSON LAB 6-6: Using Polynomial Identities 6-8: The Binomial Theorem; LESSON LAB 6-8: Mathematical Induction = Modeling s Page 3 of 13

5 MCC9-12.A.APR.6 Rewrite rational expressions Rewrite simple rational expressions in different forms; write a(x)/b(x) in the form q(x) + r(x)/b(x), where a(x), b(x), q(x), and r(x) are polynomials with the degree of r(x) less than the degree of b(x), using inspection, long division, or, for the more complicated examples, a computer algebra system. 6-5: Dividing Polynomials; 7-1: Simplifying Rational Expressions MCC9-12.A.APR.7 (+) Understand that rational expressions form a system analogous to the rational numbers, closed under addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division by a nonzero rational expression; add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational expressions. 7-2: Multiplying and Dividing Rational Expressions; 7-3: Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions For additional opportunities to introduce this standard, please see: 2-2: Properties of Real Numbers; 7-1: Simplifying Rational Expressions MCC9-12.A.CED.1 MCC9-12.A.CED.2 Creating Equations A.CED Create equations that describe numbers or relationships Create equations and inequalities in one variable and use them to solve problems. Include equations arising from linear and quadratic functions, and simple rational and exponential functions. Create equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities; graph equations on coordinate axes with labels and scales. 2-4: Solving Equations; 2-5: Solving Inequalities; 2-6: Absolute Value Equations and Inequalities; 5-4: Quadratic Equations; 5-5: Completing the Square; 5-6: The Quadratic Formula; 7-7: Solving Rational Equations; TECHNOLOGY LAB 7-7b: Rational Inequalities; 9-5: Exponential and Logarithmic Equations; LESSON LAB 9-6: Exponential and Logarithmic Inequalities 3-1: Relations and Functions; 3-2: Direct Variation; 3-3: Linear Functions and Slope- Intercept Form; 3-4: More About Linear Equations; 3-5: Using Linear Models; 4-1: Solving Systems Using Tables and Graphs; 4-2: Solving Systems Algebraically; 5-1: Quadratic Functions and Transformations; 5-2: Form of a Quadratic Function; 7-4: Inverse Variation; 7-5: The Reciprocal Function Family; 7-6: Rational Functions and Their Graphs; 9-1: Exploring Exponential Models; 9-2: Properties of Exponential Functions = Modeling s Page 4 of 13

6 MCC9-12.A.CED.3 Represent constraints by equations or inequalities, and by systems of equations and/or inequalities, and interpret solutions as viable or non-viable options in a modeling context. For example, represent inequalities describing nutritional and cost constraints on combinations of different foods. 3-8: Two-Variable Inequalities; 4-1: Solving Systems Using Tables and Graphs; 4-2: Solving Systems Algebraically; 4-3: Systems of Inequalities; 4-4: Linear Programming; 4-5: Systems With Three Variables; 4-6: Solving Systems Using Matrices; 5-7: Quadratic Systems; ACTIVITY LAB 7-7a: Systems With Rational Equations MCC9-12.A.CED.4 Rearrange formulas to highlight a quantity of interest, using the same reasoning as in solving equations. For example, rearrange Ohm s law V = IR to highlight resistance R. 2-4: Solving Equations; 7-4: Inverse Variation; 8-5: Solving Square Root and Other Radical Equations MCC9-12.A.REI.2 Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities A.REI Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning Solve simple rational and radical equations in one variable, and give examples showing how extraneous solutions may arise. 7-7: Solving Rational Equations; 8-5: Solving Square Root and Other Radical Equations MCC9-12.A.REI.7 Solve systems of equations Solve a simple system consisting of a linear equation and a quadratic equation in two variables algebraically and graphically. For example, find the points of intersection between the line y = 3x and the circle x 2 + y 2 = : Quadratic Systems = Modeling s Page 5 of 13

7 MCC9-12.A.REI.11 MCC9-12.F.IF.4 MCC9-12.F.IF.5 Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically Explain why the x-coordinates of the points where the graphs of the equations y = f(x) and y = g(x) intersect are the solutions of the equation f(x) = g(x); find the solutions approximately, e.g., using technology to graph the functions, make tables of values, or find successive approximations. Include cases where f(x) and/or g(x) are linear, polynomial, rational, absolute value, exponential, and logarithmic functions. Mathematics High School Functions Interpreting Functions F.IF Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context For a function that models a relationship between two quantities, interpret key features of graphs and tables in terms of the quantities, and sketch graphs showing key features given a verbal description of the relationship. Key features include: intercepts; intervals where the function is increasing, decreasing, positive, or negative; relative maximums and minimums; symmetries; end behavior; and periodicity. Relate the domain of a function to its graph and, where applicable, to the quantitative relationship it describes. For example, if the function h(n) gives the number of personhours it takes to assemble n engines in a factory, then the positive integers would be an appropriate domain for the function. 5-7: Quadratic Systems; 6-4: Solving Polynomial Equations; 7-7: Solving Rational Equations; ACTIVITY LAB 7-7a: Systems With Rational Equations; 9-5: Exponential and Logarithmic Equations; LESSON LAB 9-6: Exponential and Logarithmic Inequalities 3-3: Linear Functions and Slope-Intercept Form; 3-5: Using Linear Models; 5-1: Quadratic Functions and Transformations; 5-2: Form of a Quadratic Function; 6-1: Polynomial Functions; 6-9: Polynomial Models in the Real World; 7-4: Inverse Variation; 7-5: The Reciprocal Function Family; 7-6: Rational Functions and Their Graphs; 8-8: Graphing Radical Functions; 10-1: Exploring Periodic Data; 10-4: The Sine Function; 10-5: The Cosine Function; 10-6: The Tangent Function; 10-8: Reciprocal Trigonometric Functions 6-9: Polynomial Models in the Real World; 7-5: The Reciprocal Function Family; 7-6: Rational Functions and Their Graphs; 8-8: Graphing Radical Functions = Modeling s Page 6 of 13

8 MCC9-12.F.IF.6 MCC9-12.F.IF.7 MCC9-12.F.IF.7a MCC9-12.F.IF.7b MCC9-12.F.IF.7c MCC9-12.F.IF.7d Calculate and interpret the average rate of change of a function (presented symbolically or as a table) over a specified interval. Estimate the rate of change from a graph. Analyze functions using different representations Graph functions expressed symbolically and show key features of the graph, by hand in simple cases and using technology for more complicated cases. Graph linear and quadratic functions and show intercepts, maxima, and minima. Graph square root, cube root, and piecewise-defined functions, including step functions and absolute value functions. Graph polynomial functions, identifying zeros when suitable factorizations are available, and showing end behavior. (+) Graph rational functions, identifying zeros and asymptotes when suitable factorizations are available, and showing end behavior. 3-5: Using Linear Models; 5-1: Quadratic Functions and Transformations; 5-2: Form of a Quadratic Function; LESSON LAB 5-2: Identifying Quadratic Data; 6-9: Polynomial Models in the Real World 3-3: Linear Functions and Slope-Intercept Form; 3-4: More About Linear Equations; LESSON LAB 3-4: Piecewise Functions; 3-6: Families of Functions; 3-7: Absolute Value Functions and Graphs; 5-1: Quadratic Functions and Transformations; 5-2: Form of a Quadratic Function; 6-1: Polynomial Functions; 6-3: Polynomials, Linear Factors, and Zeros; 6-9: Polynomial Models in the Real World; 7-4: Inverse Variation; TECHNOLOGY LAB 7-5: Graphing Rational Functions; 7-5: The Reciprocal Function Family; 7-6: Rational Functions and Their Graphs; 8-8: Graphing Radical Functions; 9-1: Exploring Exponential Models; 9-2: Properties of Exponential Functions; 9-3: Logarithmic Functions as Inverses; 9-5: Exponential and Logarithmic Equations; 10-4: The Sine Function; TECHNOLOGY LAB 10-4: Graphing Trigonometric Functions; 10-5: The Cosine Function; 10-6: The Tangent Function; 10-7: Translating Sine and Cosine Functions; 10-8: Reciprocal Trigonometric Functions 3-3: Linear Functions and Slope-Intercept Form; 3-4: More About Linear Equations; 5-1: Quadratic Functions and Transformations; 5-2: Form of a Quadratic Function; 5-4: Quadratic Equations LESSON LAB 3-4: Piecewise Functions; 3-7: Absolute Value Functions and Graphs; 8-8: Graphing Radical Functions 6-1: Polynomial Functions; 6-3: Polynomials, Linear Factors, and Zeros; 6-10: Transforming Polynomial Functions 7-4: Inverse Variation; TECHNOLOGY LAB 7-5: Graphing Rational Functions; 7-5: The Reciprocal Function Family; 7-6: Rational Functions and Their Graphs; TECHNOLOGY LAB 7-6: Oblique Asymptotes = Modeling s Page 7 of 13

9 MCC9-12.F.IF.7e Graph exponential and logarithmic functions, showing intercepts and end behavior, and trigonometric functions, showing period, midline, and amplitude. 9-1: Exploring Exponential Models; 9-2: Properties of Exponential Functions; 9-3: Logarithmic Functions as Inverses; TECHNOLOGY LAB 9-5: Using Logarithms for Exponential Models; 10-4: The Sine Function; 10-5: The Cosine Function; 10-6: The Tangent Function; 10-7: Translating Sine and Cosine Functions; 10-8: Reciprocal Trigonometric Functions MCC9-12.F.IF.8 Write a function defined by an expression in different but equivalent forms to reveal and explain different properties of the function. 3-4: More About Linear Equations; 5-2: Form of a Quadratic Function; 5-5: Completing the Square; 6-10: Transforming Polynomial Functions; 8-8: Graphing Radical Functions; 9-1: Exploring Exponential Models; 9-2: Properties of Exponential Functions; 9-3: Logarithmic Functions as Inverses; 9-4: Properties of Logarithms; TECHNOLOGY LAB 9-5: Using Logarithms for Exponential Models MCC9-12.F.IF.8a Use the process of factoring and completing the square in a quadratic function to show zeros, extreme values, and symmetry of the graph, and interpret these in terms of a context. 5-3: Factoring Quadratic Expressions; 5-4: Quadratic Equations; 5-5: Completing the Square MCC9-12.F.IF.8b Use the properties of exponents to interpret expressions for exponential functions. For example, identify percent rate of change in functions such as y = (1.02) t, y = (0.97) t, y = (1.01) (12t), y = (1.2) (t/10), and classify them as representing exponential growth and decay. 9-1: Exploring Exponential Models; 9-2: Properties of Exponential Functions MCC9-12.F.IF.9 Compare properties of two functions each represented in a different way (algebraically, graphically, numerically in tables, or by verbal descriptions). For example, given a graph of one quadratic function and an algebraic expression for another, say which has the larger maximum. 3-4: More About Linear Equations; 5-2: Form of a Quadratic Function; 6-10: Transforming Polynomial Functions; 7-6: Rational Functions and Their Graphs; 8-8: Graphing Radical Functions; 9-3: Logarithmic Functions as Inverses = Modeling s Page 8 of 13

10 MCC9-12.F.BF.1 MCC9-12.F.BF.1a MCC9-12.F.BF.1b MCC9-12.F.BF.1c MCC9-12.F.BF.3 Building Functions F-BF Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities Write a function that describes a relationship between two quantities. Determine an explicit expression, a recursive process, or steps for calculation from a context. Combine standard function types using arithmetic operations. For example, build a function that models the temperature of a cooling body by adding a constant function to a decaying exponential, and relate these functions to the model. (+) Compose functions. For example, if T(y) is the temperature in the atmosphere as a function of height, and h(t) is the height of a weather balloon as a function of time, then T(h(t)) is the temperature at the location of the weather balloon as a function of time. Build new functions from existing functions Identify the effect on the graph of replacing f(x) by f(x) + k, k f(x), f(kx), and f(x + k) for specific values of k (both positive and negative); find the value of k given the graphs. Experiment with cases and illustrate an explanation of the effects on the graph using technology. Include recognizing even and odd functions from their graphs and algebraic expressions for them. 3-1: Relations and Functions; 3-2: Direct Variation; 3-5: Using Linear Models; 5-1: Quadratic Functions and Transformations; 5-2: Form of a Quadratic Function; 6-3: Polynomials, Linear Factors, and Zeros; 7-5: The Reciprocal Function Family; 7-6: Rational Functions and Their Graphs; 8-6: Function Operations; 9-2: Properties of Exponential Functions 11-1: Mathematical Patterns; 11-2: Arithmetic Sequences; 11-3: Geometric Sequences; 11-4: Arithmetic Series 7-6: Rational Functions and Their Graphs; 8-6: Function Operations 8-6: Function Operations 3-6: Families of Functions; 3-7: Absolute Value Functions and Graphs; 5-1: Quadratic Functions and Transformations; 6-10: Transforming Polynomial Functions; 7-5: The Reciprocal Function Family; 10-7: Translating Sine and Cosine Functions = Modeling s Page 9 of 13

11 MCC9-12.F.BF.4 Find inverse functions. 8-7: Inverse Relations and Functions; 8-8: Graphing Radical Functions; 9-3: Logarithmic Functions as Inverses MCC9-12.F.BF.4a MCC9-12.F.BF.4b MCC9-12.F.BF.4c MCC9-12.F.BF.5 MCC9-12.F.LE.4 MCC9-12.F.TF.1 Solve an equation of the form f(x) = c for a simple function f that has an inverse and write an expression for the inverse. For example, f(x) =2(x 3 ) or f(x) = (x+1)/(x-1) for x 1. (+) Verify by composition that one function is the inverse of another. (+) Read values of an inverse function from a graph or a table, given that the function has an inverse. (+) Understand the inverse relationship between exponents and logarithms and use this relationship to solve problems involving logarithms and exponents. Linear, Quadratic, and Exponential Models F.LE Construct and compare linear, quadratic, and exponential models and solve problems For exponential models, express as a logarithm the solution to ab (ct) = d where a, c, and d are numbers and the base b is 2, 10, or e; evaluate the logarithm using technology. Trigonometric Functions F-TF Extend the domain of trigonometric functions using the unit circle Understand radian measure of an angle as the length of the arc on the unit circle subtended by the angle. 8-7: Inverse Relations and Functions; 9-3: Logarithmic Functions as Inverses 8-7: Inverse Relations and Functions 8-7: Inverse Relations and Functions 9-3: Logarithmic Functions as Inverses; 9-5: Exponential and Logarithmic Equations 9-5: Exponential and Logarithmic Equations; 9-6: Natural Logarithms For an additional opportunity to introduce this standard, please see: 9-4: Properties of Logarithms 10-3: Radian Measure For an additional opportunity to introduce this standard, please see: 10-2: Angles and the Unit Circle = Modeling s Page 10 of 13

12 MCC9-12.F.TF.2 MCC9-12.F.TF.5 Explain how the unit circle in the coordinate plane enables the extension of trigonometric functions to all real numbers, interpreted as radian measures of angles traversed counterclockwise around the unit circle. Model periodic phenomena with trigonometric functions Choose trigonometric functions to model periodic phenomena with specified amplitude, frequency, and midline. 10-2: Angles and the Unit Circle; 10-3: Radian Measure; 10-4: The Sine Function; 10-5: The Cosine Function; 10-6: The Tangent Function; 10-8: Reciprocal Trigonometric Functions 10-4: The Sine Function; 10-5: The Cosine Function; 10-6: The Tangent Function; 10-7: Translating Sine and Cosine Functions; 10-8: Reciprocal Trigonometric Functions Prove and apply trigonometric identities MCC9-12.F.TF.8 Prove the Pythagorean identity (sin A) 2 + (cos A) 2 = 1 and use it to find sin A, cos A, or tan A, given sin A, cos A, or tan A, and the quadrant of the angle. 10-9: Trigonometric Identities MCC9-12.G.GMD.4 Mathematics High School Geometry Geometric Measurement and Dimension G.GMD Visualize relationships between twodimensional and three-dimensional objects Identify the shapes of two-dimensional cross-sections of three-dimensional objects, and identify three-dimensional objects generated by rotations of two-dimensional objects. 12-4: Space Figures and Cross Sections; 12-6: Locus: A Set of Points MCC9-12.G.MG.1 Modeling with Geometry G.MG Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations Use geometric shapes, their measures, and their properties to describe objects (e.g., modeling a tree trunk or a human torso as a cylinder). 12-1: Perimeters and Areas of Similar Figures; 12-2: Trigonometry and Area; 12-3: Geometric Probability; 12-5: Areas and Volumes of Similar Solids = Modeling s Page 11 of 13

13 MCC9-12.G.MG.2 Apply concepts of density based on area and volume in modeling situations (e.g., persons per square mile, BTUs per cubic foot). 12-1: Perimeters and Areas of Similar Figures; 12-2: Trigonometry and Area; 12-5: Areas and Volumes of Similar Solids MCC9-12.G.MG.3 MCC9-12.S.ID.2 MCC9-12.S.ID.4 MCC9-12.S.IC.1 Apply geometric methods to solve design problems (e.g., designing an object or structure to satisfy physical constraints or minimize cost; working with typographic grid systems based on ratios). Mathematics High School Statistics and Probability Interpreting Categorical and Quantitative Data S.ID Summarize, represent, and interpret data on a single count or measurement variable Use statistics appropriate to the shape of the data distribution to compare center (median, mean) and spread (interquartile range, standard deviation) of two or more different data sets. Use the mean and standard deviation of a data set to fit it to a normal distribution and to estimate population percentages. Recognize that there are data sets for which such a procedure is not appropriate. Use calculators, spreadsheets, and tables to estimate areas under the normal curve. Making Inferences and Justifying Conclusions S.IC Understand and evaluate random processes underlying statistical experiments Understand statistics as a process for making inferences about population parameters based on a random sample from that population. 12-1: Perimeters and Areas of Similar Figures; 12-2: Trigonometry and Area; 12-5: Areas and Volumes of Similar Solids 1-1: Analyzing Data; 1-2: Deviation; 1-4: Normal Distributions For an additional opportunity to introduce this standard, please see: LESSON LAB 1-2: An Introduction to Summation Notation 1-4: Normal Distributions 1-3: Samples and Surveys = Modeling s Page 12 of 13

14 MCC9-12.S.IC.2 Decide if a specified model is consistent with results from a given data-generating process, e.g., using simulation. For example, a model says a spinning coin falls heads up with probability 0.5. Would a result of 5 tails in a row cause you to question the model? ACTIVITY LAB 1-4a: Probability Distributions MCC9-12.S.IC.3 Make inferences and justify conclusions from sample surveys, experiments, and observational studies Recognize the purposes of and differences among sample surveys, experiments, and observational studies; explain how randomization relates to each. 1-3: Samples and Surveys MCC9-12.S.IC.4 Use data from a sample survey to estimate a population mean or proportion; develop a margin of error through the use of simulation models for random sampling. ACTIVITY LAB 1-4b: Margin of Error MCC9-12.S.IC.5 Use data from a randomized experiment to compare two treatments; use simulations to decide if differences between parameters are significant. ACTIVITY LAB 1-4c: Drawing Conclusions From Samples MCC9-12.S.IC.6 Evaluate reports based on data. 1-1: Analyzing Data; 1-2: Deviation; 1-3: Samples and Surveys = Modeling s Page 13 of 13