= 47.5 ;! R. = 34.0 ; n air =

Transcription

1 Setio 9: Refratio ad Total Iteral Refletio Tutorial Pratie, page 449 The agle of iidee is 65 The fat that the experimet takes plae i water does ot hage the agle of iidee Give:! i = 475 ;! R = 340 ; air = 0003 Required: Aalysis: Idex of refratio is a physial property that a be used to idetify a substae Use Sell s law, siθ = siθ, to alulate the idex of refratio of the medium The math it to a substae i Table Solutio: = si! = si! 0003)si 475 = si 340 = 3 Aordig to Table, the idex of refratio lies betwee that of ie ad liquid water but is loser to water Statemet: The medium is probably water 3 Give:! = 35 ;! R = 5 ; air = 0003 Required: Aalysis: siθ = siθ Solutio: = si! = si! = 0003)si35 si 5 = 36 Statemet: The idex of refratio of the water is 36 4 Give: = 4; = 30! 0 8 m/s Required: v v Aalysis: Use the defiitio of idex of refratio, =, to solve for the speed v = v v = Copyright 0 Nelso Eduatio Ltd Chapter 9: Waves ad Light 9-

2 Solutio: v = = 30! 08 m/s 4 v =! 0 8 m/s Statemet: The speed of light i diamod is! 0 8 m/s 5 Give: = 46;! = 56 " 0 #7 m Required: λ λ Aalysis: Use the alterative defiitio of idex of refratio, =, to solve for λ λ =!!! =! Solutio:! =! = 56 " 0#7 m 46! = 38 " 0 #7 m Statemet: The wavelegth of light i quartz is 38! 0 "7 m 6 Give: = 45;! = 450 m = 45 " 0 #7 m Required: f Aalysis: The frequey of light does ot hage whe light passes from oe medium ito aother The frequey of the light iside the glass is the same as i vauum Rearrage the uiversal wave equatio, v = fλ, to solve for f v = f! f = v! Solutio: f = v! = 30 " 08 m /s 45 " 0 #7 m f = 67 " 0 4 Hz Statemet: The frequey of the light is 67! 0 4 Hz Copyright 0 Nelso Eduatio Ltd Chapter 9: Waves ad Light 9-

3 Tutorial Pratie, page 45 a) Give: θ = 400 ; = 0003; = 465 Aalysis: siθ = siθ Solutio: = si! si! =! = si " % # 0003)si400 % 465 ' = 6033 two extra digits arried)! = 60 Statemet: The agle of refratio at the left boudary of the prism is 60 b) Give: θ = 6033 ; 3 = Aalysis: From the geometry of the prism, the agle of iidee at the right boudary, θ 3, is θ3 = 600 θ Determie θ, the use Sell s law, 3siθ3 = 4siθ, to alulate the agle of 4 refratio, θ 4 Solutio: = 600 "! = 600 " = 4 si! 4 = two extra digits arried) si! 4 = 3 4! 4 = si " 3 % 4 # 465)si33967 % 0003 '! 4 = 549 Statemet: The agle of refratio of the exitig light is 549 Sample aswer: The light etered ad exited the prism o faes that were ot parallel You would oly see the exit agle equal to the iidet agle if the faes were parallel, as i a sheet of glass Copyright 0 Nelso Eduatio Ltd Chapter 9: Waves ad Light 9-3

4 3 Give: θ = 55 ; = 60, the agle of the outgoig ray as measured with the horizotal Aalysis: Calulate the first agle of refratio, θ, usig Sell s law, siθ = siθ The determie the seod agle of iidee, θ 3, usig θ3 = 600 θ Use Sell s law to alulate the seod agle of refratio, θ 4 Determie the exit agle, θ, with respet to the horizotal Solutio: The first agle of refratio is θ = si! si! =! = si " % # 0003)si55 % 60 '! = 308 two extra digits arried) The seod agle of iidee is θ 3 = 600 "! = 600 " 308 = 99 two extra digits arried) The seod agle of refratio is θ 4 3 = 4 si! 4 si! 4 = 3 4! 4 = si " 3 % 4 # 60)si99 % 0003 '! 4 = 5 The ormal o the right side of the prism is direted at 30 above the horizotal, so the exit agle is θ = θ4 30 = 5 30 θ = Statemet: The light exits at below the horizotal Copyright 0 Nelso Eduatio Ltd Chapter 9: Waves ad Light 9-4

5 Researh This: Usig Spetrosopy to Determie Whether Extra-Solar Plaets Ca Support Life, page 45 A Aswers may vary Sample aswers: Light refleted from other plaets a be see ad aalyzed o Earth Whe the light passes through a spetrometer, it is dispersed broke up) ito its ompoet olours ad makes a spetrum similar to the oe show i the text Sietists use the dark lies i the spetrum to idetify the atom or moleule that absorbed the missig olours This atom or moleule had to be o the plaet where the light was refleted B Aswers may vary Sample aswers: Astrophysiists ad astrobiologists look for oxyge, arbo, itroge, ad hydroge O Earth, these are the mai elemets ivolved i biologial proesses Fidig these elemets elsewhere ould idiate the right oditios for extraterrestrial life C Aswers may vary Sample aswers: Sietists thik of light as a wave whe usig a diffratio gratig i a spetrometer But they also thik of light as partile whe it is absorbed by or emitted from a atom Tutorial 3 Pratie, page 457 Aswers may vary Sample aswer: I will use a liquid with = 0 for my ompariso Give: = 0; = 0003 Aalysis: θ Solutio: θ θ = 564 Statemet: If the idex of refratio of the liquid is dereased to 0, the the ritial agle ireases to 564 As the idex of refratio dereases, the ritial agle ireases Give: = 50; = 33 Aalysis: θ Solutio: θ θ = 65 Statemet: The ritial agle for light at the bezee water boudary is 65 Copyright 0 Nelso Eduatio Ltd Chapter 9: Waves ad Light 9-5

6 3 Give: = 40; = 0003 Aalysis: θ Solutio: θ θ = 456 Statemet: The ritial agle for light o the glass air boudary is Give: d = 4; g = 5; z = 9; air = 0003 ; θ g ; θ z air Aalysis: θ = si med Solutio: Diamod: Crow glass: Ziro:!,d = si " air %!,g = si " air %!,z = si " air % d # 0003 % 4 '!,d = 44 g # 0003 % 5 '!,g = 4 z # 0003 % 9 '!,z = 34 Statemet: The ritial agle for diamod is 44 The ritial agle for ziro is 34 The ritial agle for row glass is 4 Diamod has a smaller ritial agle tha row glass ad ziro, so a light ray passig through diamod is more likely to reflet off the surfae If the light passes ito the diamod from a agle that is less tha the ormal agle of 90 most probable), the the refratio will be more likely to disperse the spetrum tha a material suh as glass, whih has a far lower idex of refratio The diamod appears to glitter Additioal iformatio: Light rays that pass through a piee of material like diamod may reflet off the surfae several times before fially passig out of the material i a differet diretio tha whe they etered This effet gives a viewer the impressio that light soures iside the material produed the light, eve if the light ame from a soure outside the material Setio 9 Questios, page 458 Aswers may vary Sample aswer: Whe light travels from oe medium to aother, its diretio of propagatio hages This hage i diretio durig refratio makes the light ray appear to bed Whe light is refleted or refrated, its diretio hages The hage i agle betwee the iidet ray ad the outgoig ray is the agle of deviatio Copyright 0 Nelso Eduatio Ltd Chapter 9: Waves ad Light 9-6

7 3 Give: = 33;! = 630 m = 63 " 0 #7 m Required: λ λ Aalysis: Rearrage the equatio for idex of refratio, =, to solve for wavelegth λ =!!! =! Solutio:! =! = 63" 0#7 m 33! = 47 " 0 #7 m Statemet: I water, the laser light has a wavelegth of m, or 470 m 4 Give: v = m/s; = m/s Required: v Aalysis: = Solutio: = v = 30!08 m/s 30!0 8 m/s = 0 Statemet: The idex of refratio of the medium is 0 5 Give: θ = 300 ; = 47; = 33; 3 = Aalysis: Oe method is to use Sell s law, siθ = siθ, to determie the agle of refratio i the water film This agle is the iidet agle for the seod refratio ito air Use Sell s law to determie the agle of refratio i air A seod method reogizes that the film of water does ot matter beause its surfaes are parallel We ould use Sell s law to go diretly from glass to air Copyright 0 Nelso Eduatio Ltd Chapter 9: Waves ad Light 9-7

8 Solutio: First method: = si! si! =! = si " % # 47)si300 % 33 '! = two extra digits arried) si! = 3 = si! 3 = si " si! % $ 3 ' # 33)si33548 % 0003 ' = 473 Seod method: = 3 = 3 = si " % 3 # 47)si300 % 0003 ' = 473 Statemet: The agle of refratio of the fial outgoig ray is Give: θ = 300 ; = 44; = 0003 Required: Aalysis: siθ = siθ Copyright 0 Nelso Eduatio Ltd Chapter 9: Waves ad Light 9-8

9 Solutio: = si! si! =! = si " % # 44)si300 % 0003 '! = 460 Statemet: The agle of refratio is Give: θ = 500 ; = 33; = 0003 Required: Aalysis: siθ = siθ Solutio: = si! si! =! = si " % # 33)si500 % 0003 '! = si " 085 ) There is o solutio for! Statemet: The iidet agle of the laser beam i water is greater tha the ritial agle i water The laser beam udergoes total iteral refletio 8 a) Give: = 65; = 33 Aalysis: θ Solutio: θ θ = 537 Statemet: The ritial agle for light at a glass water boudary is 537 b) The light starts i the medium with the higher idex of refratio, whih is the glass There a be o total iteral refletio if the light starts i the medium with the lower idex of refratio Copyright 0 Nelso Eduatio Ltd Chapter 9: Waves ad Light 9-9

10 9 a) Give: θ = 45 ; = 0003; = 30 i = θ Aalysis: siθ = siθ Solutio: siθ = siθ siθ = siθ siθ θ 30si θ = 67 Statemet: The agle of iidee is 67 b) Give: = 30; = 0003 Aalysis: θ Solutio: θ θ = 503 Statemet: The ritial agle for light at the trasparet material air boudary is a) Give: θ = 300 ; = 33; = 63 R = θ Aalysis: siθ = siθ Solutio: = si! si! =! = si " % # 33)si300 % 63 '! = 4 Statemet: The agle of refratio is 4 Copyright 0 Nelso Eduatio Ltd Chapter 9: Waves ad Light 9-0

11 b) Light iidet o a water arbo disulfide boudary aot udergo total iteral refletio beause the idex of refratio of arbo disulfide is greater tha the idex of refratio of water Aswers may vary Sample aswer: Fibre optis, whih use total iteral refletio, are used i mediie to view iside various parts of the body Oe example of a istrumet that uses fibre optis is the edosope Dotors use a edosope to examie a patiet s iteral tissues ad orgas Additioal iformatio: A agiosope is a oated fibre opti able with a fish-eye les that a be iserted ito a blood vessel to diagose ostritios, blokages, or weakesses A gastrosope is aother variatio of fibre opti able that is swallowed ad is used to view the esophagus, stomah, ad some of the small itestie Most medial fibre opti sopes also have mehaisms for takig tissue samples or for removig diseased tissue a) Aswers may vary Sample aswer: Hiberia Atlati ad Emerald Express are two iteratioal ompaies with plas for ew fibre opti trasatlati ables b) The biggest advatage of submarie ables is that the time for trasmissio ad reeptio of the sigal is sigifiatly shorter tha whe usig satellite ommuiatio This may ot seem like a major advatage for oversatios, but most trasatlati ommuiatio ivolves ivestmet tradig, whe every milliseod outs The ewest ables are aimig for roud-trip trasit times of 60 ms The biggest disadvatage of submarie ables is ost This tehology otributes to the esalatig pries for ommuiatios 3 Aswers may vary Sample aswer: Sigal redutio, usually alled atteuatio, i optial fibres ours for a umber of reasos Oe reaso is that impurities i the fibre may absorb the sigal More sigifiatly, there are losses due to refletio from the ore or laddig, ad losses due to spliig of the ables These losses our beause the sigal reflets off these surfaes at a agle that will allow trasmissio out of the fibre Copyright 0 Nelso Eduatio Ltd Chapter 9: Waves ad Light 9-