Fermilab Program. Pier Oddone, Fermilab NAS Board of Physics and Astronomy, 2009

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1 Fermilab Program Pier Oddone, Fermilab NAS Board of Physics and Astronomy, 2009

2 Outline State of the program and future evolution Energy Frontier Cosmic Frontier Intensity Frontier Any other items the Board may want to discuss 2

3 The particle physics program We are after a unified and coherent framework to understand the world around us We have a beautiful and powerful Standard Model that organizes what we know and allows us to recognize the phenomena in nature that do not fit Multiple experimental approaches are essential 3

4 Three main thrusts The energy frontier: produce particles at highest energy The intensity frontier: the most particles for neutrinos and rare decays Cosmic frontier: study phenomena in nature 4

5 Fermilab: facilities and experiments Energy Tevatron LHC LHC LHC upgrades LHC ILC? LHC CLIC or Muon Collider? Intensity Minos MiniBooNE NOvA MicroBooNE MINERvA LBNE Mu2e Project X+LBNE Mu2e ν Factory Cosmic P Auger DM Searches SDSS P Auger DM: scalable? DES JDEM DM searches JDEM Now

6 Fermilab: facilities and experiments Energy Tevatron LHC LHC LHC upgrades LHC ILC? LHC CLIC or Muon Collider? Now Green curve: same rates as 09 6

7 Tevatron Performance: Run II from 2002 to 2009 Int. Lum / week Total Luminosity FY09 FY08 FY07 FY06 year FY10 FY05 FY04 FY03 FY02 year Ran ~20 months without a long shutdown Coming back very fast after a long shutdown Initial instantaneous lum ~ 3 x cm -2 s -1 7

8 Precision Higgs constraints m H = GeV Tevatron and LEP2 (prel.) Now with 10 fb -1 m H < 157 (m H < 186 GeV when LEP limit inclued) m H < 117 (δm W =15MeV, δm t =1GeV) 8

9 The Higgs Search Over the last years, there s been a dramatic infusion of people, effort and ideas, aimed at finding the Higgs The SM Higgs (if it exists) is being produced NOW Just not that often & it s buried in backgrounds It will take luminosity, persistence and luck 9

10 SM Higgs Search Result: November Update and new Tevatron combination expected for HCP conference in November CDF Prelim fb -1 DØ Prelim fb -1 10

11 September 10, 2008 The LHC has first closed orbit; 300 press outfits at CERN; hoopla everywhere 11

12 September 19 th, 2008 The demons take over: a quench at one of the splices leads to failure of a splice, arc that vaporizes vacuum pipe and six tons of superfluid helium spill and overpressure the many cryostats 12

13 The LHC repairs in detail

14 CMS Detector Tracker Insertion: Dec 07 14

15 US involvement is huge! Exp. Univ. Labs. % CMS % ATLAS % ALICE % LHCb 1 1% The LHC provides a great opportunity to the US HEP community for the next two decades LHC has been the largest investment in HEP over the last decade of both capital and human resources It is important to continue to be a good partner to CERN 15

16 Lepton colliders beyond LHC ILC Enough By far the easiest! LHC Results or CLIC ILC not enough or Muon collider 16

17 ILC/Project X technology at Fermilab Horizontal Test Stand 1st cryomodule 17 Vertical Test Stand

18 Muon Collider R&D For a machine of greater energy than the ILC: Together with the existing collaboration on muon collider and neutrino factory we have proposed to carry out feasibility study in the next few years Several aspects require new technologies: mostly in capturing and cooling muon beams Time scale for either CLIC or a muon collider is well beyond a possible ILC 18

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20 Muon collider layout 4 TeV 20

21 Fermilab: facilities and experiments Cosmic P Auger CDMS COUPP SDSS P Auger P Auger North? DM: scalable? DES JDEM DM searches Holometer? JDEM Now

22 Intensity Frontier Intensity Minos MiniBooNE ArgoNeut NOvA MicroBooNE MINERvA LBNE Mu2e Now Project X+LBNE Mu2e ν Factory 22

23 Two avenues to real understanding! Intensity frontier: the most particles Allows the study of neutrinos and rare process Sensitive to physics far beyond the LHC, but only indirectly Need to measure multiple processes LHC: direct production of heavy particles Wonderful direct discoveries of physics beyond the Standard Model Very difficult and often impossible to study how new particles couple to each other and to ordinary particles Need both for a complete understanding 23

24 Interplay: LHC Intensity Frontier nothing Only handle on the next energy scale LHC Intensity Frontier Lots Determine/verify structure of new physics. Anything beyond? 24

25 Example: early discovery at LHC ATLAS discovers strongly coupled SUSY q χ~ 0 1 g Missing E T dark matter candidate ~ χ 0 1 A host of new particles: fit roughly some masses, make assumption on couplings 25

26 Large effects in kaon decay rates d d d W s d s quarks quarks W Z ν ν SM: Κ L π 0 ν ν lepts W d d ν ν d squarks d d s d s squarks χ χ ν ν χ slepts BSM: Κ L π 0 ν ν χ d d ν ν 26

27 For particular classes of SUSY Decay K K + 0 L + π νν ( γ ) 0 π νν Branching Ratio ( 10 Theory (SM) Experiment ± ± 0.04 [1] [3] < 670 ) [2] (90% CL) [4] Large effect on rare K decay modes highly suppressed with SM particles Much higher SM backgrounds in B and C decays 27

28 Or models with extra dimensions + one sigma 28

29 Same for many other experiments Neutrinos LBNE Proton decay (same detector as LBNE) Charged lepton number violation experiments Other rare decays 29

30 Central to intensity frontier: neutrinos Only weak interactions: very small cross sections >> hard to study Need large flux of particles and massive detectors Complementary to LHC: measure neutrino parameters (new symmetries?), neutrino masses, matter-antimatter symmetry violation and surprises. Long base-line and high intensities 30

31 L = 1290 km 31

32 Intensity frontier: DUSEL 32

33 Mu2e can probe TeV New Physics Scale (TeV) with Project X pre-project X MEG Experiment SUSY Model Parameter Compositene ss 33

34 Ultimately will need Project X Provide the most powerful beam of neutrinos to the Homestake site for the highest parameter reach in neutrino physics Provide the most intense proton beams for muon, kaon, low energy neutrino physics and other possible applications without affecting the neutrino program Develop Project X to serve as the front end of future facilities like a neutrino factory or muon collider 34

35 Evolution of the Project X concept Originally an 8 GeV pulsed linac (5Hz, 1 msec pulses) with accumulation in the Recycler storage ring and acceleration to high energy in the Main Injector Original Idea 35

36 Project X and LBNE to Homestake 5% of the time line, the 2 GeV linac feeds a simple Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS), 500m circumference, to strip, accumulate and boost the energy to 8 GeV Six pulses of the SAB are transferred to the recycler, filling the existing recycler, and every 1.4 sec transferred to the Main Injector for acceleration to high energies (60 GeV to 120 GeV) 2 MW to DUSEL 36

37 Project X and 8 GeV beams 8/14 RCS cycles are available for an 8 GeV program driven by a fast spill (single turn). An example is a much upgraded muon g-2 Slow extraction as needed for rare processes is very limited from circular machines: only method is resonance extraction which is rad dirty and limits extraction to 10s of kw. 8 GeV Fast spill 37

38 Project X and 2 GeV beams The greatest potential for rare processes comes from 2 MW continuous beam. Intensity experiments need continuous beam: pile up is the main limitation in pulsed beams 2 MW at 2+ GeV 38

39 Project X By a large margin, the best machine in the world at the intensity frontier for neutrino, kaon and muon beams Would maintain the vitality of the domestic US program by creating many physics opportunities; more than 1000 users Would develop and exercise the technologies to position the US to host a global facility at the energy frontier (or contribute to one elsewhere) Attract major international participation 39

40 In conclusion Fermilab together with the community are developing a vital national program that is complementary to the LHC This program fits within the financial envelope predicted for Office of Science in the next few years The program has flexibility: can adapt to future results and funding scenarios 40