Plate Tectonics. Why Continents and Ocean Basins Exist
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1 Plate Tectonics Why Continents and Ocean Basins Exist
2 Topics Density Structure of Earth Isostasy Sea-Floor Spreading Mechanical Structure of Earth Driving Mechanism of Plate Tectonics Lithospheric Plate Interactions Plate Tectonics and the Depth of the sea floor
3 Topics Density Structure of Earth Isostasy Sea-Floor Spreading Mechanical Structure of Earth Driving Mechanism of Plate Tectonics Lithospheric Plate Interactions Plate Tectonics and the Depth of the sea floor
4 Mechanical Structure of Earth
5 Mechanical Structure of Earth A different way to view the structure of Earth
6
7 To understand how the crust moves, scientists view the structure of Earth in a different way
8 To understand how the crust moves, scientists view the structure of Earth in a different way Geologist use this structure because the crust does not move by itself
9 To understand how the crust moves, scientists view the structure of Earth in a different way Geologist use this structure because the crust does not move by itself The crust and the upper mantle move as a unit
10 Review
11 Review The density structure of Earth is based on two criteria: 1. Density 2. Composition
12 Mechanical Structure of Earth
13 Mechanical Structure of Earth Use this structure when discussing plate motions
14 Mechanical Structure of Earth Use this structure when discussing plate motions Structure based on two criteria:
15 Mechanical Structure of Earth Use this structure when discussing plate motions Structure based on two criteria: 1. Strength
16 Mechanical Structure of Earth Use this structure when discussing plate motions Structure based on two criteria: 1. Strength 2. Viscosity
17 Mechanical Structure of Earth
18 Mechanical Structure of Earth The mechanical structure of Earth has four layers:
19 Mechanical Structure of Earth The mechanical structure of Earth has four layers: 1. Lithosphere
20 Mechanical Structure of Earth The mechanical structure of Earth has four layers: 1. Lithosphere 2. Asthenosphere
21 Mechanical Structure of Earth The mechanical structure of Earth has four layers: 1. Lithosphere 2. Asthenosphere 3. Mesosphere
22 Mechanical Structure of Earth The mechanical structure of Earth has four layers: 1. Lithosphere 2. Asthenosphere 3. Mesosphere 4. Core
23 Mechanical Structure of Earth Structure of Earth based on strength and viscosity 1. Lithosphere --- outside 2. Asthenosphere 3. Mesosphere 4. Core --- inside
24 Mechanical Structure of Earth Structure of Earth based on strength and viscosity 1. Lithosphere --- outside 2. Asthenosphere 3. Mesosphere 4. Core --- inside
25
26 Mechanical Structure of Earth
27
28 Lithosphere
29 Lithosphere Includes all of the crust and the upper mantle
30 Lithosphere Includes all of the crust and the upper mantle Averages 80 km thick
31 Lithosphere Includes all of the crust and the upper mantle Averages 80 km thick Relatively strong compared to the asthenosphere
32 Lithosphere Includes all of the crust and the upper mantle Averages 80 km thick Relatively strong compared to the asthenosphere Tends to resist stress to the point of fracture
33 Lithosphere Includes all of the crust and the upper mantle Averages 80 km thick Relatively strong compared to the asthenosphere Tends to resist stress to the point of fracture Relatively high viscosity
34 Lithosphere Includes all of the crust and the upper mantle Averages 80 km thick Relatively strong compared to the asthenosphere Tends to resist stress to the point of fracture Relatively high viscosity Relatively low temperature
35 Lithosphere
36 Lithosphere Includes all of the crust and the upper mantle Averages 80 km thick Relatively strong compared to the asthenosphere Tends to resist stress to the point of fracture Relatively high viscosity Relatively low temperature
37
38 Isostasy The lithosphere floats on the asthenosphere
39 Asthenosphere
40 Asthenosphere Underlies the lithosphere
41 Asthenosphere Underlies the lithosphere Averages 300 km thick
42 Asthenosphere Underlies the lithosphere Averages 300 km thick Relatively weak compared to the lithosphere
43 Asthenosphere Underlies the lithosphere Averages 300 km thick Relatively weak compared to the lithosphere Tends to flow when stressed
44 Asthenosphere Underlies the lithosphere Averages 300 km thick Relatively weak compared to the lithosphere Tends to flow when stressed Relatively low viscosity
45 Asthenosphere Underlies the lithosphere Averages 300 km thick Relatively weak compared to the lithosphere Tends to flow when stressed Relatively low viscosity Relatively high temperature
46
47 The asthenosphere is the source of magma that forms the sea floor
48
49 The mesosphere is the largest part of Earth
50 The mesosphere is the largest part of Earth The mesosphere is hotter but more viscous than the asthenosphere
51 The mesosphere is the largest part of Earth The mesosphere is hotter but more viscous than the asthenosphere The outer core is molten Fe
52 The mesosphere is the largest part of Earth The mesosphere is hotter but more viscous than the asthenosphere The outer core is molten Fe The inner core is solid Fe
53 The Driving Mechanism of Plate Tectonics
54 Next The Driving Mechanism of Plate Tectonics
55 Definition Back
56 Definition Viscosity - measure of the resistance to flow Back
57 Definition Viscosity - measure of the resistance to flow For example, water has a low viscosity, it flows easily Back
58 Definition Viscosity - measure of the resistance to flow For example, water has a low viscosity, it flows easily Glass has a high viscosity, it strongly resists flow Back
59 Mechanical Structure of Earth
Plate Tectonics. Why Continents and Ocean Basins Exist
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