Late Roman Handmade Grog-Tempered Ware Producing Industries in South East Britain

Transcription

1 Late Roman Handmade Grog-Tempered Ware Producing Industries in South East Britain Malcolm Lyne Archaeopress Archaeology

2 Archaeopress Publishing Ltd Gordon House 276 Banbury Road Oxford OX2 7ED ISBN ISBN (e-pdf) Archaeopress and M Lyne 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owners. Printed in England by This book is available direct from Archaeopress or from our website

3 Contents List of Figures... x Introduction and Acknowledgements... xi 1: The Late Iron Age and Early Roman Background : East Sussex : Hampshire and the Isle of Wight : East Kent : West Kent...2 2: Industry Group 5. East Sussex Wares : Introduction : A history of previous research : East Sussex Ware fabrics...5 Introduction...5 The fabrics : Sources : Industry 5A (Bardown ware)...6 The evidence...6 The exploitation of raw materials...7 Technology... 7 A Corpus of forms produced...7 Jars... 7 Bowls... 9 Dishes... 9 Lids... 9 Distribution : Industry 5B. (East Sussex Wealden Ware)...9 Sources and exploitation of raw materials...9 Technology...10 A corpus of forms produced...10 Jars Bowls Dishes Lids Asham pots Distribution (Figure 6)...12 The end of the industry : Industry 5C. East Sussex Downland ware...13 Centres of production...13 Sources of clay, filler and fuel...14 Fabrics A corpus of forms produced...14 Jars Bowls Dishes Dishes with handles Cups Lids Large dry-storage jars Distribution c AD c AD c AD : Industry 5D. (Beddingham/Ranscombe ware)...27 Source and exploitation of raw materials...27 i

4 Technology...27 The date of the industry...27 The forms produced...28 Jars Bowls Dishes Distribution : Industry 5E. Pevensey Grit-and-Grog-Tempered ware...30 Introduction...30 Fabrics Source A Corpus of forms...32 Jars Bowls Dish/Bowls... 32?Jugs Distribution : The relationship between Pevensey ware and East Sussex wares : Industry 5F. Barcombe/Burgess Hill vitrified ware...34 Introduction...34 Dating A Corpus of forms...34 Jars Bowls Dishes Flasks Mortaria Distribution : Industrial Grouping 6. Hampshire Grog-Tempered Wares : A history of previous research : Fabrics...37 Group 6A. Hampshire Pipe-clay tempered wares...37 Group 6B. Hampshire Camouflaged-grog tempered wares : Firing Technology : Industry 6A. Hampshire Siltstone-Grog Tempered wares...38 Source and exploitation of raw materials Technology...38 A corpus of forms produced...39 Jars Bowls Dishes Beakers Everted-rim storage-jars Lid-seated bead-rim storage-jars...43 Rope-rim storage-jars Lids Trading patterns...43 c AD c AD c AD c AD Long distance coastal trade : Industry 6B. Hampshire Camouflaged-Grog-Tempered Wares...51 Sources of and exploitation of raw materials Technology...51 A corpus of forms produced...53 Jars ii

5 Bowls Storage-jars with everted rims Distribution...55 c AD c AD c AD : Industrial Group 7. East Kent Grog-Tempered Wares : A history of previous research : Industry 7A. East Kent Siltstone-Grog-Tempered ware...60 The Fabrics...60 Sources Technology...61 A Corpus of vessel forms...61 Jars Bowls Dish/Bowls Lids Distribution...63 c AD c AD : Industry 7B. Richborough/Canterbury Grog-tempered ware...67 The Fabric...67 Sources Technology and utilisation of natural resources...68 A Corpus of forms produced...68 Jars Jugs Bowls Dishes Distribution : Industrial Group 8. West Kent Grog and Grit Tempered Wares : Introduction : Industry 8A. West Kent Grog and Grit-and-Grog-Tempered wares...73 Fabrics Sources A Corpus of forms produced...74 Jars Bowls Dish/Bowls Beakers : Industry 8B. West Kent Sand, Shell and Calcite Tempered wares...74 The Fabrics...74 Source and dating...76 A Corpus of forms produced...76 Jars Bowls Dishes Flasks The Distribution of Industries 8A and 8B wares...77 c AD c AD c /450 AD : The Late Roman Grog-Tempered Ware Industries: A Discussion : The reasons for the revival of handmade grog-tempered pottery during the Late Roman period...84 The period to c. 270 AD c AD...85 iii

6 c AD : Previous research : A decline in the use of pottery during the fourth-century? : The End of Roman Pottery Production in Britain : The end of Roman Pottery production in southern Britain...92 Introduction...92 Kent London...95 Hertfordshire...96 South-Central England...97 Appendix 1. Schedule of Quantified Site Assemblages including Late Roman Handmade Grog-Tempered wares Berkshire Newbury Museum Reading Museum Dorsetshire T.Wellicome Lilian Ladle Hampshire Development Archaeology English Heritage Hampshire County Museum Service Portsmouth Museum Reading Museum Southampton Museums Southern Archaeological Services TVAS University of Winchester Wessex Archaeology Winchester City Museum Winchester Excavation Unit Winchester Research Unit Hertfordshire Verulamium Museum Ware museum Isle of Wight Carisbrooke Castle Museum Kevin Trott Kent Formerly Jim Bradshaw Canterbury Archaeological Trust Canterbury Museum Albert Daniels Dartford museum Dover Archaeological Group English Heritage, Dover Castle Kent County Museum Service Maidstone Museum Orpington Museum Oxford Archaeology Thanet Archaeological Trust City of London Museum of London Archaeology Museum of London Pre-Construct Archaeology Greater London Bexley museum Wandsworth museum iv

7 Pre-Construct Archaeology Surrey Croydon Nat Hist and Scientific Society Guildford museum Museum of London Archaeology Pre-Construct Archaeology East Sussex Battle museum Brighton museum Henry Cleere Culver Archaeological Project Eastbourne museum English Heritage Mrs Gorton Hastings Area Archaeological Research Group Lewes museum Mid Sussex Field Arch Team Sussex Archaeological Unit West Sussex Brighton museum Fishbourne Palace Horsham museum Lewes museum Littlehampton museum Pre-Construct Archaeology Thames Valley Archaeological Services Worthing museum Wiltshire Devizes museum Salisbury museum Thames Valley Arch Services Wessex Archaeological Trust Berkshire Berkshire Archaeological Services Newbury museum Reading museum Thames Valley Archaeological Services Buckinghamshire Aylesbury museum Dorsetshire AC Archaeology Dorset County Museum, Dorchester Lilian Ladle Poole Museum Salisbury Museum Thames Valley Archaeological Services Thomas Wellicome Wimborne Museum Essex Cambridge, Downing Street Museum Chelmsford Museum Colchester Museum Essex County Council Archaeology Section Grays Museum Harlow Museum Passmore Edwards Museum Pre-Construct Archaeology Saffron Walden Museum v

8 Southend Museum Thames Valley Archaeological Services Hampshire AOC Archaeology English Heritage Hampshire County Museum Service Oxfordshire Archaeology Portsmouth Museum Reading Museum Reading University Salisbury Museum Southern Archaeology Thames Valley Archaeological Services Wessex Archaeology Winchester City Museum Winchester Research Unit Hertfordshire Hertford Museum Hertfordshire Archaeological Trust Letchworth Museum Museum of London Thames Valley Archaeological Services Verulamium Museum Ware Museum Watford and South-west Herts Archaeological Society Welwyn Archaeological Society Welwyn Museum Isle of Wight Carisbrooke Castle Museum Brading Museum Kevin Trott Kent Formerly Jim Bradshaw British Museum Canterbury Archaeological Trust Canterbury Museum Central Excavation Unit Dartford Museum Dover Archaeological Group English Heritage, Dover Castle Maison Dieu, Faversham Gravesham Museum Maidstone Museum Pre-Construct Archaeology Swale and Thames Archaeological Survey Thames Valley Archaeological Services Thanet Archaeological Trust City of London Museum of London Archaeology Museum of London Pre-Construct Archaeology Greater London Bexley Museum Museum of London Archaeology Enfield Archaeological Society Fulham Archaeological Research Group Greenwich Museum Pre-Construct Archaeology vi

9 Thames Valley Archaeological Services Oxfordshire Ashmolean Museum Woodstock Museum Surrey Ewell Museum Guildford Museum Kingston Museum Surrey Archaeological Rescue Unit Tempus Reparatum East Sussex Brighton and Hove Archaeological Society Brighton Museum British Museum Eastbourne Museum Lewes Museum Network Archaeology South-Eastern Archaeological Services David Staveley Thames Valley Archaeological Services West Sussex Brighton Museum Fishbourne Museum store Lewes Museum Littlehampton Museum Mid-Sussex Archaeological Field Unit Pre-Construct Archaeology Sussex Archaeological Unit Worthing Museum Wiltshire Devizes Museum Salisbury Museum Wessex Archaeological Trust Appendix 3. The grog-tempered ware industries: gazetteer of examples seen Industry 5A. Bardown Ware Sussex Industry 5B. East Sussex Wealden Ware Sussex and Kent Industry 5C. East Sussex Downland Ware Sussex Kent Surrey Greater London Industry 5D. Beddingham-Ranscombe Ware Sussex Industry 5E. Pevensey Grit and Grog Tempered ware Sussex Industry 5F. Barcombe/Burgess Hill vitrified ware Sussex Industry 6A. Hampshire Grog-Tempered Ware with Siltstone Grog Hampshire Isle of Wight West Sussex East Sussex Kent Wiltshire Berkshire vii

10 Surrey London Industry 6B. Hampshire Grog-Tempered Ware with Camouflaged Grog Hampshire Isle of Wight West Sussex Wiltshire Berkshire Industry 7A. East Kent Grog-Tempered Ware with Siltstone Grog Kent Greater London Industry 7B. East Kent Grog-Tempered Ware with Camouflaged Grog Kent Greater London Hertfordshire Hampshire Industry 8A. West Kent Grog and Grit and Grog-Tempered wares Kent Surrey Greater London Hertfordshire Industry 8B. West Kent Sand-and-Calcite Tempered Wares Kent Surrey Greater London Appendix 4. Fabric breakdowns of quantified East Sussex Ware assemblages c AD c AD c AD Appendix 5. Breakdown of the East Sussex Ware percentages of quantified assemblages as per vessel type c AD c AD c AD c AD Appendix 6. Breakdown of the Hampshire Grog-Tempered Ware percentages as per vessel type Industry 6A c AD Hampshire Sussex c AD Isle of Wight Hampshire Berkshire Sussex c AD Isle of Wight Hampshire Sussex Kent c AD Hampshire Wiltshire Sussex Kent Surrey Industry 6B viii

11 c AD Hampshire c AD Hampshire Isle of Wight c AD Hampshire c AD Hampshire Sussex Wiltshire Appendix 7. Breakdown of Industries 7A, 7B, 8A and 8B percentages of quantified assemblages as per vessel type Industry 7A c AD Kent c AD Kent Industry 7B c AD Kent Industry 8A c AD Kent Surrey Greater London London c AD Kent Surrey Greater London c /450 AD Surrey Greater London London Industry 8B c AD Kent Surrey c AD Kent Greater London London c AD London Bibliography ix