2 June 15. Summer Session Horst Rademacher. Lect 3: California EQ. and Faults.
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1 2 June 15 2 Summer Session 2015 Horst Rademacher HH Lect 3: California EQ and Faults
2 Class Organization Website: You need to sign up for class announcements!
3 Class Organization Lectures are: T/T 12noon 2:30pm in 265 McCone except Thursday, June 11 10am-12:30pm 1 st Homework Assignment will be announced at the end of this class Due this Thursday, June 4 Hand it to Sarah or me during field trip or use my mail slot in the hallway of the BSL Can be completed individually or in groups You are encouraged to work together and discuss the problems, but then you should write down your own answers No electronic submissions, hardcopies only please. My office hours: Tuesdays 3-5pm BSL Conference Room
4 Any HH Questions?
5 Seismicity Report same as Nepal EQ 5 weeks ago Saturday, 30 May 15, 4:23 am PST
6 Seismicity Report Depth in km
7 Seismicity Report World record: deepest EQ of its size ever recorded
8 Seismicity Report 250 km km 700 km = focus of Saturday s EQ
9 Seismicity Report Olivine Spinel Transition Spinel is 7 % denser than Olivine Further reading
10 Any HH Questions?
11 Recap from last lecture I Four Types of Faults 1. Normal 2. Reverse Dipslip faults 3. Strike-slip 4. Oblique Mixed Dip-slip & Strike-slip
12 Recap from last lecture II One can see faults! San Andreas Fault in Carrizo Plain
13 Recap from last lecture III Spectrum of fault behavior ASEISMIC = Creep Flanks constantly move Free Slipping SEISMIC Earthquakes Stick-Slip Even along creeping faults, the reality is somewhere in between.
14 Recap from last lecture IV Creeping Faults Creep relieves strain makes earthquakes smaller Long Term Buildup (Plate Tectonics) - Steady slip = Amount left for Earthquake 10 mm/yr mm/yr? =???
15 Recap from last lecture V Fracking generates only microearthquakes magnitudes < 2 Seismic Hazard is in Wastewater Injection
16 West Coast Subduction = convergent margins Complex section of Pacific Rim of Fire Transform = sliding plate margins Spreading = divergent margins
17 West Coast: Spreading Divergent Plate Margin Golf of California opens like a tectonic zipper Baja California moves away from mainland Mexico Further reading:
18 West Coast: Spreading Last big EQ: Cucapah-El Mayor 4 April 2010, M=7.2
19 West Coast: Convergent margin Cascadia Subduction Zone earthquakes volcanoes tsunamis
20 West Coast: Convergent margin Worrisome gap
21 West Coast: Convergent margin Cascadia has largest EQ Hazard in the US potentially magnitude 9
22 West Coast: Convergent margin Unique feature three tectonic plates meet: Triple Junction
23 West Coast: Convergent margin Mendocino Triple Junction is seismically most active region in California
24 Transform faults San Andreas Fault: The Mother of all Earthquake Faults 810 miles long from Salton Sea to Cape Mendocino
25 Transform faults San Andreas Fault SAF Many side branches, determines the landscape of California What is the strike of SAF? Remember dip, strike and rake?
26 Transform faults Named after San Andreas Lake south of San Francisco San Andreas Fault Discovered in 1895: Studied every aspect of it Robert Wallace ( ) USGS Andrew Lawson ( ) UC Berkeley 1990
27 Transform faults San Andreas Fault: Tectonic Evolution last 30 million years
28 Transform faults San Andreas Fault
29 Any HH Questions?
30 Bay Area Faults San Andreas Fault splits into several faults: Bay Area Faults Calaveras Hayward San Gregorio Rodgers Creek Concord-Green Valley
31 Bay Area Faults Geodetic GPS These faults split the tectonics movement between Pacific and North American plates
32 Bay Area Earthquakes Earthquake History
33 Bay Area Earthquakes 8 October 1865 San Andreas Fault epicenter near Santa Cruz Mark Twain, Roughing It There came a really terrific shock and there was a heavy grinding noise as of brick houses rubbing together. As I reeled about on the pavement trying to keep my footing, I saw a sight! The entire front of a tall four-story brick building sprung outward like a door and fell sprawling across the street.
34 Bay Area Earthquakes October 22, 1868 Hayward Fault epicenter near Hayward Estimated M ~ 6.9
35 Bay Area Earthquakes April 18, 1906: The Great San Francisco Earthquake SAF ruptured for 300 miles, magnitude 7.8 What looks almost peaceful in the country side.
36 Bay Area Earthquakes April 18, 1906: The Great San Francisco Earthquake and Fire 3000 people dead, 80% of San Francisco destroyed
37 Bay Area Earthquakes April 18, 1906: The Great San Francisco Earthquake
38 Bay Area Earthquakes April 18, 1906: The Great San Francisco Earthquake Most damage due to fire
39 Bay Area Earthquakes April 18, 1906: The Great San Francisco Earthquake Most damage due to fire
40 Bay Area Earthquakes World Series earthquake M dead 3757 injuries 8000 homeless cost $6 billion Damaged areas Santa Cruz Oakland Marina District October 17, 1989: Loma Prieta Earthquake
41 Bay Area Earthquakes October 17, 1989: Loma Prieta Earthquake Oakland Cypress Structure I 880 Bridge Collapse
42 Bay Area Earthquakes October 17, 1989: Loma Prieta Earthquake San Francisco Marina District Soft Story Collapse
43 Bay Area Earthquakes October 17, 1989: Loma Prieta Earthquake Santa Cruz Business District
44 Bay Area Earthquakes October 17, 1989: Loma Prieta Earthquake Shake Map shows the distribution of ground shaking
45 Bay Area Earthquakes August 24, 2014: South Napa Earthquake
46 Bay Area Earthquakes August 24, 2014: South Napa Earthquake = rupture area
47 Bay Area Faults Hayward fault bounds East Bay hills. Strawberry Creek is offset by fault.
48 Bay Area Faults 10 mm/yr is 20% of the total Pacific-North American Plate Boundary (50 mm/yr). 300 m
49 Bay Area Faults Creeping Hayward Fault pulls Cal Memorial Stadium apart. more on Thursday
50 Thursday: Field trip to the Hayward Fault Guide: Peggy Hellweg, BSL Operations Manager Meet in front of McCone Hall 12 noon sharp!! Duration hours, about 2 miles walking Sturdy shoes, no flip flops or sandals Bring paper/pen you need to take notes for the field report Field report: Essay words about - Plate tectonics in Bay Area - Hayward Fault - What you saw on the trip, describe each stop Due date: Tuesday, June 9
51 Homework Assignment Just posted on our website 20 questions, several points per question Due date: Thursday, June 4, 2015 My office hours: Tuesdays 3-5pm BSL Conference Room
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