Explain the role of peer review, evidence, and modificationint he development of a theory

Transcription

1 Subject Grade Level 8 Science NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS Justify conclusions based on appropriate and unbiased observations Explain the role of peer review, evidence, and modificationint he development of a theory Evaluate the merit of hypotheses, laws and theories Evaluate the merits of empirical evidence based on experiment design: hypothesis, replication, sample size, Formulate a testable problem using experimetnal design Analyze a set of scientific data using mean, median, mode and range using SI units Suggest solutions to real world problems by analyzing scientific data in: data table/charts, histograms, circle Formulate inferences based on scientific data Communicate results and conclusions from scientific inquiry following peer review Develop and implement strategies for long-term, accurate data collection Generate questions that can and cannot be answered by science LS LS Illustrate the hierarchical relationship of cells, tissues, organs, organ systems and organisms Identify different types of single-celled organisms: protists and bacteria Tuesday, November 13, 2007 Page 180 of 253

2 LS LS LS LS LS LS LS Relate the effect of bacteria on oral health Describe and illustrate single-celled organisms found in pond water Use a dichotomous key to classify oganisms found in pond water Compare and contrast characteristics of unicellular and multi-cellular organisms Classify cells as eukaryotic or prokaryotic Identify and describe similarities and differences among organismsof different but closely related taxa ( e.g., Investigate careers, scientists, and historical breakthroughs related to organisms LS LS LS LS LS LS LS LS LS LS LS LS LS Identify and explain why inherited characteristics of living things depend on genes Distinguish between characteristics of plants and animals through selective breeding Investigate careers, scientists, and historical breakthroughs related to gentics Compare the theory of evolution to the characteristics of a scientific theory Identify basic ideas related to biological evolution: diversity of species, variations of species, adaptations, na Explain that the fossil record provides evidence of life forms' appearance, diversification, and extinction Explain the process of natural selection Identify genetic traits that make organisms more likely to survive and reproduce in a particular environment Investigate careers, scientists, and historical breakthroughs related to natural selection and the fossil record Differentiate between dominate and receive traits Observe and classify traits as dominate and recessive: tongue rolling, detached earlobes, widow's peak, hitc Differentiate among observed inherited traits and acquired traits of plants and animals Interpret simple simple genetic crosses using Punnett Squares Tuesday, November 13, 2007 Page 181 of 253

3 LS LS LS LS Predict patterns that emerge from simple genetic crosses Conduct investigations demonstrating that the phenotype of a genteic trait that is the result of a genotype Explain how gentetic variation within a species is a result of dominant traits and recessive traits Compare and contrast patterns of embryological development for all vertebrates, including humans LS Analyze the effect of changes in environmental conditions on the survival of individual organisms and entire PS PS PS PS PS Compare the atomic theory to the characteristics of a scientific theory Explain the structure of atoms Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom Create atomic models of common elements Investigate scientists, careers, and historical breakthroughs related to the atomic theory PS PS PS PS PS Model how motion and forces change the Earth's surface: compression, tension, weathering, erosion Conduct investigations demonstrating the field force (lines of force) in magnetic fields Design and conduct investigations applying variables affecting the strength of an electromagnet Analyze and compare the relationship between electricty and magnetism Investigate careers, scientists, and historical breakthroughs related to motion and forces that change Earth's Tuesday, November 13, 2007 Page 182 of 253

4 PS PS PS PS PS PS PS PS PS PS PS PS PS PS Construct open and closed electrical circuits: series circuits and parallel circuits Analyze the electromagnetic spectrum Investigate examples of real world uses of the electromagnetic spectrum Conduct investigations demonstrating the separation of white light into its spectrum using refraction Compare ways to transfer information: sound, light, radio, microwave energy Investigate careers, scientists, and historical breakthroughs related to waves and the electromagnetic spectr Describe and diagram open and closed series and parallel circuits Compare and contrast open and closed series and parallel circuits Conduct investigations demonstrating the characteristics of a wave: wavelength, frequency, speed, amplitud Conduct investigations of longitudinal and transverse wavs to determine how thaty are different Explain how energy is transferred through waves: seismic waves, sound waves, water waves, electromagnet Describe how waves travel through different kinds of media Differentiate among reflection, refraction, and absorption of various types of waves Describe and diagram the electromagnetic spectrum ESS ESS ESS ESS Analyze the causes and predict the consequences of global warming on the following: weather, temperature, Explain how weathering and erosion affect the oceans' salinity Investigate careers, scientists, and historical breakthroughs related to external forces that change the Earth Investigate the types of weathering involved in the breakdown of organic and inorganic components of Earth' Tuesday, November 13, 2007 Page 183 of 253

5 ESS ESS ESS ESS ESS ESS ESS ESS ESS ESS ESS ESS ESS ESS ESS ESS Illustrate soil profiles Apply knowledge of soil profiles to local soil samples Investigate the formation of soil types Identify components of soil as inorganic or organic through investigations Identify the basic nutrients needed by plants that are present in soils: nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium Identify ways plants use organic and inorganic components in the soil Investigate and analyze the composition of a variety of soils Investigate how global patterns of water currents influence local weather: Gulf Strem, Atlantic Currents, Calif Conduct investigations on soil permeability Conduct investigations to compare and contrast different landforms found on Earth: mountains, plateaus, pla Synthesize and model the result of both constructive and destructive forces on land forms: deposition, erosio Compare and contrast the different landforms caused by Earth's external forces: plains, canyons, deltas, vall Research local, regional, and state landforms created by external forces in the earth: Gulf Coastal Plain; Ark Use topographic maps to identify surface features of Earth Demonstrate an understanding of the agents of erosion: gravity, water, ice, wind, animals including humans Using models to rivers, predict changes when variables, such as load, slope amount of water, or the compos ESS ESS ESS ESS Explain processes that have changed Earht's surface that have resulted from sudden events (e.g., earthqua Analyze how rock sequences may be disturbed by the folowing: erosion, deposition, igneous intrusion, foldin Explain how scientists determine the relative age of fossils found in layers of sedimentary rock: law of super Apply geologic laws of superposition and cross-cutting to determine the relative age of rock in a cross sectio Tuesday, November 13, 2007 Page 184 of 253

6 ESS ESS ESS ESS ESS ESS ESS ESS ESS Summarize the effects of gravity on bodies in space Identify variables that affect the amount of gravitational force between two objects: mass of the objects and Relate the effects of the moon's gravitational force on Earth's ocean tides Identify the causes of the following: high tides, low tides, spring tides, neap tides Define the terms galaxy and universe Illustrate the appearance of galaxies as seen through a telescope: clarity and shape Comapre and contrast the Milky Way Galaxy to other galaxies Illustrate the position of our solar system within the Milky Way Galaxy Investigate careers, scientists, and historical breakthroughs related to gravity, galaxies, and the universe Tuesday, November 13, 2007 Page 185 of 253