October 13, 2015 CSPG Gussow Conference
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1 October 13, 2015 CSPG Gussow Conference
2 TOC: up to 8% MEM, 2011 Perm: nanodarcy BCOGC, 2010 Liard B. Horn River B. Horn River Basin (HRB) Area: 1.3 million hectares Estimated gas resource: 500 tcf
3 Western Canada Sedimentary Basin Adapted from Ferri et al., 2011 Peace River Arc Study interval Adapted from Johnson et al. (1985) Middle (Givetian) Devonian - Late (Frasnian) Devonian (image courtesy of Ron Blakey,
4 Evie Mb. Otter Park Mb. Muskwa Fm
5 Distal Maxhamish Storm G. McAdam Gote Apache Komie Total core recovery: ~1000 m > 100 m 50 m to 100 m <10 m Thin Sections (~25) Wireline logs (96) TAQA Snake Frontier Arc Snake Proximal Core locations
6 Sedimentology Ichnology Paleontology Geochemistry 10 Lithofacies 3 Lithofacies association Anoxic deep-water Transitional Oxygenated deep-water
7 Starved ripple Massive mudstone: Siliceous to calcareous, dark grey color massive mudstones. Key features: Massive texture, rare gravity flows, low bioturbation index, high GR, and high TOC Normal grading Planolites Depositional environment: Anoxic (dysoxic )deep-marine. 200µ
8 Pyrite streaks Well preserved, but rare normal grading Teichichnus Bio-deformation Silica-filled fracs Planolites The most dominant lithofacies Pyritic mudstone: Massive mudstone with dominant pyriterich laminae or lenses Key features: Increased pyrite, rare gravity flows, low bioturbation index, high GR, and High TOC Depositional environment: Anoxic (dysoxic )deep-marine.
9 Evie m. 20 m Otter Park m. Muskwa f. Missing section Missing Missing Maxhamish Proximal Arc Snake Distal Komie McAdam Maxhamish Arc Snake Massive Muds. Pyritic Muds.
10 Helminthopsis 1 cm Event bed Phycosiphon Intensely bioturbated pinstripe mudstone: Intensely bioturbated dark-light grey mudstone lamination. Episodic event beds, worm-like fossils, intense bioturbation, low GR, low TOC Depositional environment: Offshore/distal prodelta. Phycosiphon 0.5 cm
11 1 cm Re-activation surface Double mud drapes ~1 mm Interlaminated calcareous-siliceous mudstone: Interlaminated light grey calcareous mudstone and dark grey siliceous mudstone. Double mud-drapes, thin thick laminae set alternations, and wavy, horizontal parallel laminations Depositional environment: Tide-influenced submarine canyon. Double mud drapes 500µ
12 Shale Shale Very fissile dark to light brown shale. No preserved physical structure Highest Th and Al2O3 content
13 Evie m. 20 m Otter Park m. Muskwa f. Missing section Missing Missing Maxhamish Proximal Arc Snake Distal Komie McAdam Maxhamish Arc Snake Pinstripe Muds. Laminated Muds. (Tidalites) Sandy siltstone Mod. Bioturbated Mudstone
14 1 cm Evie m. 20 m Otter Park m. Muskwa f. Missing section Missing Missing Maxhamish Proximal Arc Snake Distal Komie McAdam Maxhamish Arc Snake Pinstripe Muds. Laminated Muds. (Tidalites) Sandy siltstone Mod. Bioturbated Mudstone
15 Evie m. 20 m Otter Park m. Muskwa f. Missing section Missing Missing Maxhamish Proximal Arc Snake Distal Komie McAdam Maxhamish Arc Snake Pinstripe Muds. Laminated Muds. (Tidalites) Sandy siltstone Mod. Bioturbated Mudstone
16 Laminae disruption Bioturbated layers: Calcareous siltstone and massive mudstone bed/bed sets alternation : Amalgamated current ripples, climbing ripples, normal graded beds, soft-sediment deformations. Sparse or intense bioturbation Low GR, low TOC Contourites Event beds Siliceous to calcareous light and dark grey massive mudstones alternation. : Normal grading, horizontal- to low angle parallel lamination, massive light color beds. Mod-intense bioturbation Low GR, low TOC Distal prodelta/offshore
17 Evie m. 20 m Otter Park m. Muskwa f. Missing section Missing Missing Maxhamish Proximal Arc Snake Distal Komie McAdam Maxhamish Arc Snake Contourites Light-dark grey massive mudstones alternation
18 Evie m. 20 m Otter Park m. Muskwa f. Missing section Missing Missing Maxhamish Proximal Arc Snake Distal Komie McAdam Maxhamish Arc Snake Contourites Light-dark grey massive mudstones alternation
19 Lithofacies types Biogenic activity Fossil forms Geochemical signatures Wireline log responses
20 Proximal Distal Three main cycles, nine minor cycles and 8 major surfaces. Komie Muskwa Fm. and Evie Mb.: Major flooding period Otter Park: Overall falling relative sea level period Datum: at the Evie Mbr.
21 Evie Muskwa Otter Park Proximal Distal TST/HST TST/HST Three main cycles, nine minor cycles and 8 major surfaces. Komie Muskwa Fm. and Evie Mb.: Major flooding period Otter Park: Overall falling relative sea level period Datum: at the Evie Mbr.
22 Evie Otter Park Muskwa GR LF TOC Major Surfaces High Sea Level Low System Tracts TS SB BSFR TS SB
23 Evie Otter Park Muskwa GR LF TOC Major Surfaces High Sea Level Low System Tracts TS SB Erosion? BSFR TS SB
24 Evie Otter Park Muskwa GR LF TOC Major Surfaces High Sea Level Low System Tracts TS SB Re-deposition BSFR TS SB
25 Evie Otter Park Muskwa GR LF TOC Major Surfaces High Sea Level Low System Tracts TS SB BSFR TS SB
26 Evie Otter Park Muskwa TOC Al2O3 GR LF Th Major Surfaces Sea Level High Low System Tracts TS SB BSFR TS SB
27 Evie Otter Park Muskwa GR LF TOC Major Surfaces High Sea Level Low System Tracts TS SB BSFR TS SB
28 Evie Otter Park Muskwa GR LF TOC Major Surfaces High Sea Level Low System Tracts TS SB BSFR TS SB Th : 50.6 (7.1 avg.) Al2O3 : 30.2 (10.9 avg.)
29 Evie Otter Park Muskwa GR LF TOC Major Surfaces High Sea Level Low System Tracts TS SB BSFR TS SB
30 Conclusions Sedimentological and ichnological analysis resulted in the recognition of 10 mudstone lithofacies. Three distinct depositional conditions are identified; - Anoxic deep-water - Oxygenated deep-water - Transitional conditions. Oxygenated deep-water lithofacies show noticeably low TOC values compared to the anoxic deep-water lithofacies. Variations in the bioturbation intensity and diversity as well as several primary sedimentary structures suggest presence of severe stress conditions for the infauna.
31 Conclusions Sedimentological characteristics along with geochemical analysis resulted in determining nine system tracts and eight major surfaces. Sequence boundaries are marked by dramatic changes in the sedimentological, ichnological and geochemical signatures. The HST and TST are characterized by anoxic water deposits in the Evie Member and Muskwa Formation whereas the Otter Park Member system tracts are predominantly characterized by both oxygenated and transitional lithofacies.
32 Mr. Levi Knapp Ms. Julia McMillan British Columbia Ministry of Energy and Mines
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