Cenozoic Earth History I
|
|
- Curtis Nicholas Strickland
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Cenozoic Earth History I Cenozoic plate tectonics Tertiary, Quaternary, Paleogene, Neogene Tejas Transgression North America s east coast geology Laramide Orogeny Post-Laramide mountain building and volcanism The Rocky Mountains Yellowstone Hotspot Alpine-Himalayan Orogenic Belt Circum-Pacific Orogenic Belt
2 The Cenozoic Era The Cenozoic is the shortest era of the Phanerozoic Eon. It starts with the second largest mass extinction in Earth s history and includes the Recent today. There is now agreement in the Earth science community about how the Cenozoic should be sub-divided: Paleogene, Neogene and Quaternary.
3 The Cenozoic Era The Tejas transgression began and ended during the Paleogene. Starting at about the middle of the period, cooling at both poles led to a long period of global cooling and sea level fall. The fall in sea level led to the development of many of the Atlantic Coastal Plain s interesting geologic features like a stair-step series of scarps (paleoshorelines) and terraces (wave-scoured sea floor). By the Neogene, the Earth s polar climate had cooled to the point that both sea ice and continental glaciers began to grow, locking Earth s climate into Icehouse Earth the Earth s climate was (and still is) cold enough that minor changes in the shape of the planet s orbit causes extensive ice ages.
4 The flat-lying Atlantic Coastal Plain (ACP) contains a thick sequence of sediments weathered from the Appalachians and deposited during the Zuni (Cretaceous) and Tejas (early Tertiary) transgressions. The ACP strata at the surface are progressively younger, with Cretaceous and Eocene strata cropping out farthest inland. The ACP sedimentary wedge thickens toward the ocean, reaching a thickness of several kilometers in offshore canyons.
5 The scarps mark places where coastal erosion occurred in the past. In other words, they mark the positions of shorelines in the past. The terraces were formed by slightly offshore erosion and deposition in the shallow ocean.
6 Relatively flat lying sedimentary rocks deposited during the major transgressions and orogenies of the Paleozoic. The hilly topography is controlled by river drainage. Coal in the Appalachian Plateau strata are targets for strip mining and mountaintop removal mining because it is relatively flat lying seams.
7 The deformed and faulted sedimentary rocks of this province were deposited at the same time as the flat lying rocks of the Appalachian Plateau. These strata were deformed and faulted by the great Alleghanian Orogeny, which shoved giant blocks westward for dozens of miles. These blocks are bounded by very large thrust faults.
8 This province contains primarily Proterozoic and Paleozoic aged plutonic, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks, including parts of the Grenville orogen. The amount of uplift necessary to expose these deep crustal rocks is on the kilometer scale. All three Paleozoic orogenies contributed to this massive uplift.
9 Usually heavily weathered rock similar to the Blue Ridge as well as rocks that formed during the rifting of Pangaea (rift basin sediments and igneous dikes). Piedmont Province rocks underlie the sedimentary deposits of the Atlantic Coastal Plain.
10 Lightly lithified and unconsolidated sediment deposited during marine transgressions in the Cretaceous Period and Cenozoic Era. The province extends into the Atlantic Ocean to the edge of the continental shelf. This sedimentary material is more easily eroded than crystalline rock, so the eastern boundary is a fall zone, where the gradients of rivers steepen suddenly as they dig into the softer material of the coastal plain.
11 Fall Zone The eastern margin of North America has been folded into a series of arches and embayments by tectonism associated with formation of the Caribbean plate and persistent northward movement of Cuba. The bays fill with thick packages of sediment when sea level is high.
12 Eastern North America is presently a passive continental margin Ultimately oceanic crust will break along the continental margin and subduction of Atlantic basin crust will begin, just as it did with the Iapetus Ocean during the Paleozoic.
13 The Cenozoic Era The Laramide Orogeny ended during the Paleogene. However even with the end of active subduction along the continental margin, the Rocky Mountains went through several periods of rapid uplift, especially during the Neogene. The modern shape of the Rocky Mountains is the result of erosion of this uplifted material, primarily during the Neogene. The Neogene was also a time of great change in other parts of the Cordilleran, with the development of the San Andreas fault system, the Basin and Range province, and the extrusion of lava to form the Columbia Plateau s Large Igneous Province (LIP). Part of the North American Plate dragged over the Yellowstone hot spot causing a series of volcanoes to pop up along its track.
14 The Farallon Plate continued to subduct under North America until today only the Juan de Fuca and Cocos plates remain. Along the way, many, many terranes that were originally embedded in the Farallon Plate became part of North America. The subduction of the Farallon-Pacific spreading center caused many geologic changes, including the establishment of the San Andreas fault system
15 Increased heat beneath the Cordilleran plus stress from interactions between the North American and Pacific Plates caused crustal extension such as that found in the Basin and Range Province during the Neogene. The crust and mantle in this region have stretched up to 100% of it s original width. In the brittle upper crust, this stress caused multiple normal faults and a characteristic valleys separated by ridges (basin and range) topography NAWestBasin&Range.jpeg
16 The same temperature increase caused the Laramide Orogeny, which included the initial uplift of the massive Colorado Plateau followed by more intense uplift during the Neogene. Marine rocks (deposited below sea level) are now found well over a mile above sea level. The best exposure of these rocks are found in the Grand Canyon, a great series of canyons carved by the Colorado River. Igneous intrusions formed along the edges of the Colorado Plateau during the Cenozoic both during the Laramide Orogeny and again starting in the late Miocene and continuing until quite recently.
17 Cascade Range Columbia plateau flood basalts Yellowstone hot spot Snake River Plain San Juan volcanic field Arizona volcanic field Volcanic activity in the Cordilleran continued through the Cenozoic due to subduction of the Juan de Fuca and Farallon plates, flood basalt formation in the Columbia plateau and hot spot volcanism caused by the movement of the North American Plate over the Yellowstone hot spot.
18 The Columbia Plateau is an enormous Large Igneous Province (LIP) formed during the Miocene and Pliocene Epochs. Most of the basalt was extruded in a geologically short time at the beginning of the igneous activity in the area during the late Miocene (~17 Ma 14 Ma). The basaltic lava erupted from a series of large vents, some dozens of miles long, and from classic shield volcanoes. The source of the basalt and cause of the extensive eruption is debatable. Almost every known cause of volcanism has been hypothesized for this massive event, including that it was the result of an asteroid impact. One of the most popular current theory is that the eruptions were the results of a short-lived mantle plume, similar to the more permanent plumes that form hotspots.
19 Present of hot spot volcanism at 4.5 Ma volcanism at 16 Ma volcanism at 9 Ma The track of the North American Plate s southeastern movement over a hot spot during the Neogene is marked by a trail of volcanoes. The hot spot doesn t move, the continent moves over it. Volcanic activity in Yellowstone national park like geysers and hot springs indicates that the hot spot is still active.
20 Yellowstone s Dormant (Extinct?) Volcanoes Island Park Caldera Erupted Huckleberry Ridge tuff 2 Ma Yellowstone Caldera Erupted at Lava Creek tuff 600,000 years ago Henry s Fork Caldera Erupted Mesa Falls tuff 1.3 Ma
21 Previous eruptions at the Yellowstone hotspot produced enormous amounts of air-borne volcanic ash and debris, leading to Yellowstone s designation as a Supervolcano. An eruption of that size today be an unimaginable disaster for the western hemisphere.
22 The Cascade Range volcanoes are the result of partial melting of the Juan de Fuca as it subducts. The range has been active into historical times with the Mt. St. Helen s eruption of 1980 being the most recent major eruption. The Juan de Fuca plate is a remnant of the great Farallon plate. This small oceanic plate is bounded by a spreading center to the west and a subduction zone to the east, where it dives beneath the North American Plate.
23 Recent Earth s Major Orogenic Belts The Circum-Pacific and Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belts are Earth s presentday major mountain building belts.
24 The Alpine-Himalayan Orogenic Belt Volcanism, seismicity, and deformation in the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt extends eastward from Spain through the Mediterranean region into Southeast Asia. This tectonism is due to collision of the Arabian, African and Indo-Australian plates with the Eurasian plate. Eocene (50 40 Ma) Miocene (25-15 Ma)
25 The Himalayan Orogeny The movement of the Indian-Australian plate northward caused this orogeny, with oceanic crust subducting beneath Eurasia followed by the collision of the Indian continental block with the Eurasian plate. Although the orogeny is over, the area still experiences massive earthquakes as the leftover stress is accommodated by large earth movement.
26 The Alpine Orogeny This complicated orogenic event is occurring in response to northward movement of the African and Arabian plates toward southern Europe. The convergence is causing deformation along a linear zone from Spain eastward through Greece and Turkey and along Africa's northwest coast, producing many of Europe s largest mountain chains. Tectonic map of southern Europe and the Middle East, showing tectonic structures of the western Alpide mountain belt. Only Alpine (Tertiary) structures are shown.
27 Mediterranean Tectonics Subduction of Mediterranean crust under Italy, Greece, and Turkey continues to cause volcanism and seismicity. Mount Vesuvius and several other Italian volcanoes have erupted several times during the last 4,000 years. Greece and Turkey have more earthquakes than volcanoes. In 1999 an earthquake near Izmit killed 17,000 people in Turkey.
28 Circum-Pacific Orogenic Belt Subduction Zones (Ring of Fire) Pacific plate under western Eurasian plate Phillipine plate under Eurasian plate Pacific plate under the North American plate Juan de Fuca plate under North American plate Cocos plate under South American plate Pacific plate under Indian- Australian Plate Nazca plate under South American plate Subduction causes mountain building and volcanic activity all around the Pacific Ocean. Note the number of different plates involved!
Crustal Activity. Plate Tectonics - Plates - Lithosphere - Asthenosphere - Earth s surface consists of a major plates and some minor ones
Name: Date: Period: Tectonics The Physical Setting: Earth Science CLASS NOTES Tectonics - s - Lithosphere - Asthenosphere - Earth s surface consists of a major plates and some minor ones The plates are
More information12. The diagram below shows the collision of an oceanic plate and a continental plate.
Review 1. Base your answer to the following question on the cross section below, which shows the boundary between two lithospheric plates. Point X is a location in the continental lithosphere. The depth
More informationPlio-Pleistocene Geology
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 112: Earth History Plio-Pleistocene Geology Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Last Time A) Cenozoic Tectonics Western North American tectonic provinces Plateaus and canyons
More informationChapter. Graphics by Tasa Graphic Arts. Inc.
Earth Chapter Plate Science 9 Tectonics Graphics by Tasa Graphic Arts. Inc. 1 I. Earth s surface is made up of lithospheric plates. A. Lithospheric plates are composed of the crust and part of the upper
More informationMountain Building. Mountain Building
Mountain Building Mountain building has occurred during the recent geologic past American Cordillera the western margin of the Americas from Cape Horn to Alaska Includes the Andes and Rocky Mountains Alpine
More informationBeneath our Feet: The 4 Layers of the Earty by Kelly Hashway
Beneath our Feet: The 4 Layers of the Earty by Kelly Hashway The Earth is more than a giant ball made up of dirt, rocks, and minerals. The Earth may look like a giant ball from when looking at it from
More informationThe Lithosphere and the Tectonic System. The Structure of the Earth. Temperature 3000º ºC. Mantle
The Lithosphere and the Tectonic System Objectives: Understand the structure of the planet Earth Review the geologic timescale as a point of reference for the history of the Earth Examine the major relief
More informationUNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA. GY 112: Earth History. Lecture 36: Plio-Pleistocene Geology. Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 112: Earth History Lecture 36: Plio-Pleistocene Geology Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Last Time A) Cenozoic Overview and Tectonics Western North American tectonic provinces
More informationEvolution of Continents Chapter 20
Evolution of Continents Chapter 20 Does not contain complete lecture notes. Mountain belts Orogenesis the processes that collectively produce a mountain belt Includes folding, thrust faulting, metamorphism,
More informationA) B) C) D) 4. Which diagram below best represents the pattern of magnetic orientation in the seafloor on the west (left) side of the ocean ridge?
1. Crustal formation, which may cause the widening of an ocean, is most likely occurring at the boundary between the A) African Plate and the Eurasian Plate B) Pacific Plate and the Philippine Plate C)
More informationCopyright McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education
Copyright McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education Tibetan Plateau and Himalaya -southern Asia 11.00.a VE 10X
More informationQuestions and Topics
Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift Questions and Topics 1. What are the theories of Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift? 2. What is the evidence that Continents move? 3. What are the forces that
More informationCrustal Boundaries. As they move across the asthenosphere and form plate boundaries they interact in various ways. Convergent Transform Divergent
Name: Date: Period: Plate Tectonics The Physical Setting: Earth Science CLASS NOTES Tectonic plates are constantly moving and interacting As they move across the asthenosphere and form plate boundaries
More informationCaptain s Tryouts 2017
Captain s Tryouts 2017 Dynamic Planet Test Written by: Araneesh Pratap (Chattahoochee High School) Name: Date: Answer all questions on the answer sheet. Point values are given next to each question or
More informationUSU 1360 TECTONICS / PROCESSES
USU 1360 TECTONICS / PROCESSES Observe the world map and each enlargement Pacific Northwest Tibet South America Japan 03.00.a1 South Atlantic Arabian Peninsula Observe features near the Pacific Northwest
More informationGeologic Trips San Francisco and the Bay Area
Excerpt from Geologic Trips San Francisco and the Bay Area by Ted Konigsmark ISBN 0-9661316-4-9 GeoPress All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced without written permission in writing,
More informationGCSE Geology Plate Tectonics: Features and Processes
GCSE Geology Plate Tectonics: Features and Processes A) DIVERGENT BOUNDARIES: 1. O-O Divergence, Example: The Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Iceland The North American and Eurasian Plates are moving away from each
More informationEarth Science Lesson 3 Dynamic Earth Processes (Grades 8-12 ) Instruction 3-3 Plate Boundaries
As we told you in a recent Instruction, much of the Earth's lithosphere (its Crust and the top layer of its Outer Mantle) is made up of moving masses of rock called tectonic plates (tectonic means moving).
More informationUnit 1: Earth as a System. Section 1: Plate Tectonics and the Rock Cycle
Unit 1: Earth as a System Section 1: Plate Tectonics and the Rock Cycle Earth s Realms Earth is divided into 4 major realms: Atmosphere gases surrounding earth Hydrosphere - earth s supply of water Lithosphere
More information24. Ocean Basins p
24. Ocean Basins p. 350-372 Background The majority of the planet is covered by ocean- about %. So the majority of the Earth s crust is. This crust is hidden from view beneath the water so it is not as
More informationEarth Science, (Tarbuck/Lutgens) Chapter 10: Mountain Building
Earth Science, (Tarbuck/Lutgens) Chapter 10: Mountain Building 1) A(n) fault has little or no vertical movements of the two blocks. A) stick slip B) oblique slip C) strike slip D) dip slip 2) In a(n) fault,
More informationContinental Landscapes
Continental Landscapes Landscape influenced by tectonics, climate & differential weathering Most landforms developed within the last 2 million years System moves toward an equilibrium Continental Landscapes
More informationIn the space provided, write the letter of the definition that best matches the term or phrase.
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: The Changing Continents 1. What is the result of slow movements of tectonic plates? RESHAPING EARTH S CRUST In the space provided, write the letter of the definition
More informationTAKE HOME EXAM 8R - Geology
Name Period Date TAKE HOME EXAM 8R - Geology PART 1 - Multiple Choice 1. A volcanic cone made up of alternating layers of lava and rock particles is a cone. a. cinder b. lava c. shield d. composite 2.
More informationPlate Tectonics. entirely rock both and rock
Plate Tectonics I. Tectonics A. Tectonic Forces are forces generated from within Earth causing rock to become. B. 1. The study of the origin and arrangement of Earth surface including mountain belts, continents,
More informationEvidence from the Surface. Chapter 02. Continental Drift. Fossil Evidence for Pangaea. Seafloor Spreading. Seafloor Spreading 1/31/2012
Evidence from the Surface Surface landforms Continental shelf and slope Abyssal Plane Mid-oceanic ridge Oceanic Trenches Chapter 02 Continental Drift Continental Drift - a hypothesis that the continents
More informationCenozoic: Global Events Ma- Present
Cenozoic: Global Events 65.5 Ma- Present Major Tectonic Events The Rise of the Himalayas and Closure of the Tethyan Ocean Caused Climate Change Equatorial Ocean Closed Rifting in Western North America
More informationNC Earth Science Essential Standards
NC Earth Science Essential Standards EEn. 2.1 Explain how processes and forces affect the Lithosphere. EEn. 2.1.1 Explain how the rock cycle, plate tectonics, volcanoes, and earthquakes impact the Lithosphere.
More informationEarth s Tectonic Plates
MASTER 49 6.2 3.7 5.4 Philippine Pacific 5.4 North American Juan de Fuca Caribbean Cocos 10.0 9.2 2.3 2.5 2.3 1.8 3.0 Indian-Australian 10.5 7.1 17.2 16.8 6.0 Nazca South American 11.1 10.3 7.3 3.7 7.5
More informationDirected Reading. Section: How Mountains Form MOUNTAIN RANGES AND SYSTEMS. Skills Worksheet
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: How Mountains Form 1. How high is Mount Everest? a. about 1980 km above sea level b. more than 8 km below sea level c. more than 8 km above sea level d. more
More informationTectonic plates of the world
Mountain Building Tectonic plates of the world ISOSTACY Isostatic Rebound crust rises as a result of removal of mass This iceberg also demonstrates the process of isostatic rebound. Types of Mountains
More informationThere are numerous seams on the surface of the Earth
Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift There are numerous seams on the surface of the Earth Questions and Topics 1. What are the theories of Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift? 2. What is the evidence
More information3. The diagram below shows how scientists think some of Earth's continents were joined together in the geologic past.
1. The map below shows the present-day locations of South America and Africa. Remains of Mesosaurus, an extinct freshwater reptile, have been found in similarly aged bedrock formed from lake sediments
More informationWhat Are Tectonic Plates?
Plate Tectonics The theory that the Earth s outermost layer is fragmented into a dozen or more large and small plates that move relative to one another as they ride on top of hotter, more mobile material.
More informationThe Theory of Plate Tectonics Name
The Theory of Plate Tectonics Name Intermediate Version Block CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. The scientific theory that describes the movement of Earth s outer layer is called. CHAPTER 2 CONTINENTAL DRIFT:
More informationContinental Drift. & Plate Tectonics
Continental Drift & Plate Tectonics Alfred Wegener, a German scientist, proposed the hypothesis of CONTINENTAL DRIFT, in 1912. Hypothesis stated: All Earth s continents were once a single landmass (Pangaea)
More informationPlates & Boundaries The earth's continents are constantly moving due to the motions of the tectonic plates.
Plates & Boundaries The earth's continents are constantly moving due to the motions of the tectonic plates. As you can see, some of the plates contain continents and others are mostly under the ocean.
More informationPlate Tectonics. Essentials of Geology, 11 th edition Chapter 15
1 Plate Tectonics Essentials of Geology, 11 th edition Chapter 15 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Plate Tectonics: summary in haiku form Alfred Wegener gave us Continental Drift. Fifty years later...
More informationFull file at
Chapter 2 PLATE TECTONICS AND PHYSICAL HAZARDS MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. What direction is the Pacific Plate currently moving, based on the chain of Hawaiian Islands with only the easternmost island
More informationPlate Tectonics GEOL 101 Lecture 22 How Are Mountains Built?
Plate Tectonics GEOL 101 Lecture 22 How Are Mountains Built? The Grand Tetons, Wyoming First a Brief Review of Sea Floor Spreading Prop: Test 3 Invitations Break-Up of a Continent and Origin of an Ocean
More information3/5/05 Dr. Stewart 1
I. Physiography of Appalachian Mountains A. Introduction 1. These mountains extend from NE Canada to Georgia 2. They are the remains of a deeply eroded, ancient mountain chain once larger than the Himalayans
More informationSeafloor spreading is a geologic process in which tectonic plates large slabs of Earth's lithosphere split apart from each other.
This website would like to remind you: Your browser (Apple Safari 4) is out of date. Update your browser for more security, comfort and the best experience on this site. Encyclopedic Entry seafloor spreading
More informationEarth Science Lesson Plan Quarter 3, Week 7, Day 1
Earth Science Lesson Plan Quarter 3, Week 7, Day 1 Outcomes for Today Standard Focus: PREPARE 1. Background knowledge necessary for today s reading. Continental ice sheets increase the weight of the Earth
More informationBefore Plate Tectonics: Theory of Continental Drift
Before Plate Tectonics: Theory of Continental Drift Predecessor to modern plate tectonics Shape and fit of the continents was the initial evidence Snider-Pelligrini (1858) Taylor (1908) Wegner (1915) Fig.
More informationPlate Tectonics. The Theory of Plate Tectonics. The Plate Tectonics Theory. 62 Plate Tectonics Reading Essentials
CHAPTER 4 LESSON 3 Tectonics The Theory of Tectonics Key Concepts What is the theory of plate tectonics? What are the three types of plate boundaries? Why do tectonic plates move? What do you think? Read
More informationDo NOT open the test until instructed to do so.
Raw Score: Rank: School: Team Number: Names: Boyceville Invitational, December 2, 2017 Dynamic Planet Plate Tectonics and Geographical Impacts Do NOT open the test until instructed to do so. 2011 Tohoku
More informationThe Building of the NYC Region
The Building of the NYC Region Definitions Fall Line marks the area where an upland region (continental bedrock) and a coastal plain meet Piedmont the plateau region of the eastern United States which
More information60% water. Big Bang: 14,000 millions years ago The Earth originated about 4,500 millions years ago its orbit allows water to exist in a liquid state!
Ch2. The Sea Floor #1 Why geology of the oceans? Marine habitats are directly shaped by geological processes The form of the coastlines The depth of the water Type of bottom (muddy, sandy, rocky) #2 Geological
More informationdiscussion of North America s physical features, including its landforms and bodies of
Chapter 7 Natural Environments of North America Chapter 7 focuses on the natural environments of North America. The chapter opens with a discussion of North America s physical features, including its landforms
More informationForces That Shape Earth. How do continents move? What forces can change rocks? How does plate motion affect the rock cycle?
Forces That Shape Earth How do continents move? What forces can change rocks? How does plate motion affect the rock cycle? Plate Motion Mountain ranges are produced by plate tectonics. The theory of plate
More informationPractice Questions: Plate Tectonics
Practice Questions: Plate Tectonics 1. Base your answer to the following question on The block diagram below shows the boundary between two tectonic plates. Which type of plate boundary is shown? A) divergent
More informationGeology Topics. Unit 6 Notes
Geology Topics Unit 6 Notes Composition of the Earth Earth is layered due to density differences. Crust thin outer layer, solid, made up of continental and oceanic crust Mantle rocky layer below the crust
More informationMovement of the Earth s Crust: Formation of: Mountain s Plateau's and Dome s
Movement of the Earth s Crust: Formation of: Mountain s Plateau's and Dome s References Information taken from several places including Prentice Hall Earth Science: @ http://www.eram.k12.ny.us/education/components/docmgr/default.php?sectiondetaili
More informationDynamic Crust Practice
1. Base your answer to the following question on the cross section below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The cross section represents the distance and age of ocean-floor bedrock found on both sides
More informationPhanerozoic (last 0.54 by) Tectonics Climate Life
Phanerozoic (last 0.54 by) Tectonics Climate Life Tools for Locating Past Continent Positions Fossils depending on climate Alignment of geological features Geometrical fit of continental margins Similarity
More informationSir Francis Bacon, 1620, noted that the continental coasts on opposites sides of the Atlantic fit together like puzzle pieces.
Plate Tectonics Sir Francis Bacon, 1620, noted that the continental coasts on opposites sides of the Atlantic fit together like puzzle pieces. Could North and South America once have been joined to Europe
More informationMesozoic Earth History Million years ago Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous
Mesozoic Earth History 245-65 Million years ago Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous Geologic Time Scale www.geo.ucalgary.ca/~macrae/timescale/time_scale.gif Main Happenings in Mesozoic Breakup of Pangaea Lots
More informationBathymetry Measures the vertical distance from the ocean surface to mountains, valleys, plains, and other sea floor features
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 CHAPTER 3 Marine Provinces Chapter Overview The study of bathymetry determines ocean depths and ocean floor topography. Echo sounding and satellites are efficient bathymetric tools.
More informationPlate tectonics - 3. Homework 1: Due Monday. Hot Spots Magnetic Reversals Isostasy Continental Tectonics. EESC 2200 The Solid Earth System.
2500 EESC 2200 The Solid Earth System Plate tectonics - 3 17 Sep 08 Hot Spots Magnetic Reversals Isostasy Continental Tectonics Depth (m) 6000 0 9 36 100 155 Homework 1: Due Monday Review: Fracture zone
More informationChapter Overview. Bathymetry. Measuring Bathymetry. Measuring Bathymetry
CHAPTER 3 Marine Provinces Chapter Overview The study of bathymetry determines ocean depths and ocean floor topography. Echo sounding and satellites are efficient bathymetric tools. Most ocean floor features
More informationConvergent plate boundaries. Objective to be able to explain the formation and key features of these zones.
Convergent plate boundaries Objective to be able to explain the formation and key features of these zones. Destructive plate margins When plates collide due to convection currents/slab pull in the asthenosphere
More informationEarth Movement and Resultant Landforms
Earth Movement and Resultant Landforms Structure of the Earth Lithosphere : earth s crust Asthenosphere : upper mantle zone where material is near its melting point & acts almost like liquid (appprox.
More information6. In the diagram below, letters A and B represent locations near the edge of a continent.
1. Base your answer to the following question on the cross section below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The cross section represents the distance and age of ocean-floor bedrock found on both sides
More informationSection 2: How Mountains Form
Section 2: How Mountains Form Preview Objectives Mountain Ranges and Systems Plate Tectonics and Mountains Types of Mountains Objectives Identify the types of plate collisions that form mountains. Identify
More informationPlate Tectonics. 1)The plate tectonic system 2)A theory is born 3) Early evidence for continental drift 4) Continental drift and paleomagnetism
Plate Tectonics Plate boundaries 1)The plate tectonic system 2)A theory is born 3) Early evidence for continental drift 4) Continental drift and paleomagnetism 6)History and future of plate motions system
More informationPLATE TECTONICS. Continental Drift. Continental Drift. Continental Drift. Continental Drift- Wegener s Evidence
Continental Drift PLATE TECTONICS E.B. Taylor (1910) and Alfred Wegener (1915) published on Continental Drift. Continental Drift Wegener s evidence 1. Fit of the Continents 2. Fossil Evidence 3. Rock Type
More informationThe continental lithosphere
Simplicity to complexity: The continental lithosphere Reading: Fowler p350-377 Sampling techniques Seismic refraction Bulk crustal properties, thickness velocity profiles Seismic reflection To image specific
More informationPlate Tectonics Tutoiral. Questions. Teacher: Mrs. Zimmerman. Plate Tectonics and Mountains Practice Test
Teacher: Mrs. Zimmerman Print Close Plate Tectonics and Mountains Practice Test Plate Tectonics Tutoiral URL: http://www.hartrao.ac.za/geodesy/tectonics.html Questions 1. Fossils of organisms that lived
More informationPlate Tectonics. By Destiny, Jarrek, Kaidence, and Autumn
Plate Tectonics By Destiny, Jarrek, Kaidence, and Autumn .The Denali Fault and San Andreas Fault - The San Andreas Fault is a continental transform fault that extends roughly 1300 km (810 miles) through
More informationMountains are then built by deforming crust: Deformation & Mountain Building. Mountains form where stresses are high!
Deformation & Mountain Building Where are mountains located? Deformation and Folding Mountain building Mountains form where stresses are high! Mountains form at all three types of plate boundaries where
More informationPlate Tectonics. Chapter 17. Great Idea: The entire Earth is still changing, due to the slow convection of soft, hot rocks deep within the planet.
Plate Tectonics Chapter 17 Great Idea: The entire Earth is still changing, due to the slow convection of soft, hot rocks deep within the planet. 1 Chapter Outline The Dynamic Earth Plate Tectonics: A Unifying
More informationTerrain Units PALEOGEOGRAPHY: LANDFORM CREATION. Present Geology of NYS. Detailed Geologic Map of NYS
NYS TOPOGRAPHY Why so? PALEOGEOGRAPHY: LANDFORM CREATION Prof. Anthony Grande AFG 014 Present Geology of NYS Detailed Geologic Map of NYS Generalized Geology Detailed Geology Hot links to the fold out
More informationWhat type of land feature is located at Point A? A Cliff B Delta C Mountain D Valley
1 What type of land feature is located at Point A? A Cliff B Delta C Mountain D Valley Alfred Wegener s theory of continental drift was 2 not accepted by scientists when the theory was first proposed.
More informationL wave Lahar Lava Magma
Very large collapsed volcanic crater, often containing a lake eg. Lake Taupo The process which provides the force to move the tectonic plates Innermost part of the Earth, made of a liquid outer core and
More informationMap shows 3 main features of ocean floor
Map shows 3 main features of ocean floor 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 3 Marine Provinces 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Chapter 3 Overview The study of bathymetry determines ocean depths and ocean
More informationFORCES ON EARTH. An investigation into how Newton s Laws of Motion are applied to the tectonic activity on Earth.
FORCES ON EARTH An investigation into how Newton s Laws of Motion are applied to the tectonic activity on Earth. GEOLOGY Geologists scientists who study the forces that make and shape the Earth Geologists
More informationPlate Tectonics CHAPTER 17
Plate Tectonics CHAPTER 17 Layers of the Earth A. Crust- solid, 5-70 km thick Moho Two Types of Crust: Oceanic- ocean floor, more dense then because of more iron Continental-dry land (mostly silicates
More informationMesozoic Earth History
Mesozoic Earth History The Mesozoic Era 251-66 MYA Breakup of Pangea Changes in air and oceanic currents Evolution of new terrestrial and marine life Opening of the Atlantic Ocean Basin Rocky Mountains
More informationChapter 7 Plate Tectonics. Plate tectonics accounts for important features of Earth s surface and major geologic events.
Chapter 7 Plate Tectonics Plate tectonics accounts for important features of Earth s surface and major geologic events. 7-2 Alfred Wegener s Hypothesis of Continental Drift (1915) He noticed that the continents
More informationA physical feature of the Earth s surface
Earth s Landforms A physical feature of the Earth s surface A physical feature of the Earth s surface LANDFORM Highest of Earth s physical features Highest of Earth s physical features MOUNTAIN Low area
More informationGO ON. Directions: Use the diagram below to answer question 1.
d i a g n o s t i c t e s t : e a r t h a n d s p a c e s c i e n c e question 1. 1. What is the correct order (starting from the surface) of Earth s layers? A crust, outer core, inner core, mantle B mantle,
More informationModule 7: Plate Tectonics and Earth's Structure Topic 2 Content: Plates of the World Presentation Notes
There are several large plates and several smaller plates that comprise the Earth s crust. How do these plates interact with the bordering plates? Review each of the world s plates and the landforms that
More informationPlates Moving Apart Types of Boundaries
Plates Moving Apart Types of Boundaries PLATE TECTONICS IS The theory that the Earth s crust is broken into slabs of rock that move around on top of the asthenosphere. How fast are plates moving? The Arctic
More informationYORK CASTLE HIGH SCHOOL CHRISTMAS TERM EXAMINATIONS GEOGRAPHY Duration 1 1 /2 HRS.
GRADE 9 YORK CASTLE HIGH SCHOOL CHRISTMAS TERM EXAMINATIONS GEOGRAPHY Duration 1 1 /2 HRS. Name: 1. Label the internal structure of the earth provided below. WRITE on the space provide. Oceanic Crust/Upper
More information1.4 Notes: Plates Converge or Scrape Past Each Other Think About Tectonic Plates Push Together at Convergent Boundaries
1.4 Notes: Plates Converge or Scrape Past Each Other Think About If new crust is created at divergent boundaries, why does the total amount of crust on Earth stay the same? Tectonic Plates Push Together
More informationScience 10 PROVINCIAL EXAM STUDY BOOKLET. Unit 4. Earth Science
Science 10 PROVNCAL EXAM STUDY BOOKLET Unit 4 Earth Science Student nstructions 1. Ensure that you have blank paper and a Data Booklet. 2. Record all answers on a separate piece of paper. 3. Answer keys
More informationPhysical Geography. Physical Geography. Physical Landscape I of the United States and Canada. Definitions. Physical Geography GEOLOGIC PROCESSES
Physical Landscape I of the United States and Canada Physical Geography Physical landscape (natural environment) sets the stage for human use (the cultural landscape). Prof. Anthony Grande AFG 2016 Landforms
More informationSection 10.1 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions This section discusses volcanic eruptions, types of volcanoes, and other volcanic landforms.
Chapter 10 Section 10.1 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions This section discusses volcanic eruptions, types of volcanoes, and other volcanic landforms. Reading Strategy Previewing Before you read the section,
More informationMarine Science and Oceanography
Marine Science and Oceanography Marine geology- study of the ocean floor Physical oceanography- study of waves, currents, and tides Marine biology study of nature and distribution of marine organisms Chemical
More informationDistribution of Continents Mid-ocean Ridges Trenches. Deformation Metamorphism Volcanism Earthquakes
Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics Global Problems in Geology Distribution of Continents Mid-ocean Ridges Trenches Orogenic Belts Deformation Metamorphism Volcanism Earthquakes Development of Continental
More informationPrentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE
Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 9 Plate Tectonics 9.1 Continental Drift An Idea Before Its Time Wegener s continental drift hypothesis stated that the continents had once been joined
More informationPrentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE
Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 9 Plate Tectonics 9.1 Continental Drift An Idea Before Its Time Wegener s continental drift hypothesis stated that the continents had once been joined
More informationRefer to the map on page 173 to answer the following questions.
Chapter 8-1 Plate Tectonics 1. Brainstorm the type of evidence that would indicate a climate change and how this evidence supports the theory of continental drift. Tropical fossils in cold regions Evidence
More informationSocial Studies 9 UNIT 2 GEOGRAPHIC INFLUENCES ON IDENTITY: PLACE AND PEOPLE
Social Studies 9 UNIT 2 GEOGRAPHIC INFLUENCES ON IDENTITY: PLACE AND PEOPLE The Structure of the Earth To understand the forces that create Canada's physical landscape we must understand the structure
More informationPlate Tectonics: A Scientific Revolution Unfolds
Chapter 2 Lecture Earth: An Introduction to Physical Geology Eleventh Edition Plate Tectonics: A Scientific Revolution Unfolds Tarbuck and Lutgens From Continental Drift to Plate Tectonics Prior to the
More informationFINAL EXAM Crustal Deformation CONVERGE DIVERGENT PLATES MANTLE PLUMES FLUX BASALTIC GRANITIC
Crustal Deformation Reading: Chapter 10 Pages 283-304 Review Questions 4, 6, 7, 10, 12, 15, 18, 20 FINAL EXAM NOON TO 2 PM, TUESDAY DEC. 5 HERE: Natural Science 101 BRING A SCAN TRON TURN IN YOUR REVIEW
More informationGEOLOGY MEDIA SUITE Chapter 12
UNDERSTANDING EARTH, SIXTH EDITION GROTZINGER JORDAN GEOLOGY MEDIA SUITE Chapter 12 Volcanoes 2010 W.H. Freeman and Company Plate tectonics explains the global pattern of volcanism. Key Figure 12.20 (page
More informationParts of the Sevier/ Laramide Orogeny
Parts of the Sevier/ Laramide Orogeny AA. Accretionary Prism BB. Forearc Basin Sediment scraped off of subducting plate Sediment derived from the volcanic arc CC. Volcanic Arc Magmatic intrusion into the
More informationStrike-Slip Faults. ! Fault motion is parallel to the strike of the fault.
Strike-Slip Faults! Fault motion is parallel to the strike of the fault.! Usually vertical, no hanging-wall/footwall blocks.! Classified by the relative sense of motion. " Right lateral opposite block
More informationMARINE GEOLOGY & GEOGRAPHY
MARINE GEOLOGY & GEOGRAPHY Bathymetry BATHYMETRY BATHYMETRY THE UNDERWATER EQUIVALENT TO TOPOGRAPHY THE STUDY OF WATER DEPTH A BATHYMETRIC MAP SHOWS FLOOR RELIEF OR TERRAIN AS CONTOUR LINES Bathymetry
More information