Julie Shemeta, MEQ Geo Inc., WCEE Webinar 1/13/2016 1/14/2016

Transcription

1 1/14/16 1

2 Julie Shemeta, MEQ Geo Inc., WCEE Webinar 1/13/2016 1/14/2016 WSJ, Nov 16, 2015 Women s Council on Energy and the Environment (WCEE) January 13, /7/ Rubinstein and Mahani 2015

3 Julie Shemeta, MEQ Geo Inc., WCEE Webinar 1/13/2016 1/14/2016 waste water injection NRC, 2013 Modified from Ellsworth, Science, 2013 Requires a critically a critically stressed fault fault Felt earthquakes PRAGUE, OK Map of injection wells Approximately ~144,000 Class II wells in the USA 20% disposal (~<30,000) 80% enhanced recovery 0.1% hydrocarbon storage wells Inject over 2 billion gallons of brine every day. Typical frac monitoring event Courtesy of M. Zoback, based on Stein and Wysession, 2003 EPA and/or states regulate Class II injection wells. It is not obvious which organization (state, federal) have influence (authority?) over earthquakes associated with injection wells. Map: llc.com Most oil and gas injection wells are in Texas, California, Oklahoma, and Kansas. (Source EPA Website, nts/21_mccurdy_ _UIC_Disposal_508.pdf)

4 Julie Shemeta, MEQ Geo Inc., WCEE Webinar 1/13/2016 1/14/2016 Not frac flow back water CHEROKEE PERRY JONES Geologically active faults are hydrologically active (Walsh and Zoback, 2015) Figure courtesy J. Boak, OGS Modified from Walsh and Zoback, 2015 Earthquakes occurring on vertical strike slip faults in the shallow crystalline basement, 5 6 km deep. Faults in the basement have higher permeability than surrounding rocks. Geologically active faults are hydrologically active. Letters to operators within 6 km of seismic activity in OCC AREAS OF INTEREST Regional compressive stress direction is N85E. Majority of faults are oriented favorably for slip. Faults are up to 10 km (6 mi) long The faults cut through Arbuckle Group and extend into basement rocks. Direct links from a particular injection well are not common. Ongoing (2016): Summarized from McNamara and others, 2015, Walsh and Zoback, Image: quake drilling html issuetougher disposal well directives as oklahomas quake risk rises/ Source

5 Julie Shemeta, MEQ Geo Inc., WCEE Webinar 1/13/2016 1/14/2016 Texas Railroad Commission hires Craig Pearson, first Texas State Seismologist RRC updates rules for disposal wells: Operators must search USGS earthquake database 100 miles around injection well. Commission may require monitoring Commission may set injection pressure and rate limits or temporarily shut down well, or revoke permit. Earthquakes M 0 to USGS catalog 2014 USGS Seismic Hazard Map 5 Hz spectral acceleration map 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years Petersen and others, U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report Potentially induced earthquakes removed from the USGS earthquake catalog before hazard assessment. Potentially induced seismicity greatly increases the seismic hazard in Oklahoma and in the other induced seismicity zones compared to seismic hazard assessed for the 2014 update of the National Seismic Hazard Model

6 Julie Shemeta, MEQ Geo Inc., WCEE Webinar 1/13/2016 1/14/2016

7 1/14/16 Recent Seismic Activity in Kansas: Events and Responses Historic Kansas Earthquakes Rex Buchanan Kansas Geological Survey University of Kansas Women s Council on Energy and the Environment 13 January 2016 Midcontinent Micro- earthquakes, Induced or Triggered Seismicity Defined: Earthquake activity related to human activity; associated with deep wastewater injection, geothermal energy, large reservoirs Potential examples in midcontinent include Arkansas, Colorado, Ohio, Oklahoma, Kansas, Texas 1

8 1/14/16 Kansas Responses Governor s Task Force on Induced Seismicity KGS, KCC, KDHE 1) enhanced monitoring 2) Seismic Action Score USGS, OGS, University of Missouri Permanent network Public information, legislative interaction Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission/Groundwater Protection Council 2

9 1/14/16 KGS- recorded earthquakes, Jan.- June 2015 Courtesy, Kansas Corporation Commission KGS- recorded earthquakes, July- Dec Associated Issues Political Legal Media Public communication 3

10 1/14/16 For More Information Kansas Seismic Action Plan: /kcc.ks.gov /induced_seismicity /state _action_plan.htm KCC Order Concerning Class II Injection Wells in Harper and Sumner counties: / estar.kcc.ks.gov/estar/ ViewFile.aspx/ %20Order.pdf?Id= a a08b a Kansas Geological Survey Resources on Induced Seismicity: / index.html As s ociation of American State G eologists Fact Sheet on Induced Seismicity: / %20Induced%20Seismicity%20Statement%20Update% pdf National Academy of Sciences, Division on Earth Sciences, Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies: /dels.nas.edu/materials/ Report- In- Brief/ Induced- Seismicity U.S. Geological Survey, National Earthquake Information Center: / earthquake.usgs.gov/contactus/ golden/neic.php U.S. Geological Survey, Incorporating Induced Seismicity in the 2014 United States National Seismic Hazard Model Results of 2014 Workshop and Sensitivity Studies: /pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1070/ Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission and Ground Water Protection Council, Potential Injection- Induced Seismicity As s ociated with O il and Gas Development: w.gw pc.org /si tes/defa ul t/fi les /fi na l pri merw eb.pdf Summary Felt earthquakes related to hydraulic fracturing are extremely rare. Some earthquakes appear to be due to deep fluid injection, including wastewater disposal. Need for better reporting of injection data (volumes, pressures), improved seismic monitoring, fault mapping, and public communication. A state issue. Recent Seismic Activity in Kansas: Events and Responses Rex Buchanan Kansas Geological Survey University of Kansas Women s Council on Energy and the Environment 13 January