DATING HOW OLD IS THIS THING?
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1 DATING HOW OLD IS THIS THING?
2 WHY?
3 u CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISON v UNDERSTANDING DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE OF A PARTICULAR GROUP OR CULTURE w UNDERSTANDING SITE FORMATION PROCESSES x UNDERSTANDING REGIONAL CULTURAL SEQUENCES y UNDERSTANDING THE FULL MEASURE AND DEPTH OF HUMAN CULTURE
4 u CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISON v UNDERSTANDING DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE OF A PARTICULAR GROUP OR CULTURE w UNDERSTANDING SITE FORMATION PROCESSES x UNDERSTANDING REGIONAL CULTURAL SEQUENCES y UNDERSTANDING THE FULL MEASURE AND DEPTH OF HUMAN CULTURE
5 u CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISON v UNDERSTANDING DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE OF A PARTICULAR GROUP OR CULTURE w UNDERSTANDING SITE FORMATION PROCESSES x UNDERSTANDING REGIONAL CULTURAL SEQUENCES y UNDERSTANDING THE FULL MEASURE AND DEPTH OF HUMAN CULTURE
6 u CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISON v UNDERSTANDING DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE OF A PARTICULAR GROUP OR CULTURE w UNDERSTANDING SITE FORMATION PROCESSES x UNDERSTANDING REGIONAL CULTURAL SEQUENCES y UNDERSTANDING THE FULL MEASURE AND DEPTH OF HUMAN CULTURE
7 u CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISON v UNDERSTANDING DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE OF A PARTICULAR GROUP OR CULTURE w UNDERSTANDING SITE FORMATION PROCESSES x UNDERSTANDING REGIONAL CULTURAL SEQUENCES y UNDERSTANDING THE FULL MEASURE AND DEPTH OF HUMAN CULTURE
8 u CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISON v UNDERSTANDING DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE OF A PARTICULAR GROUP OR CULTURE w UNDERSTANDING SITE FORMATION PROCESSES x UNDERSTANDING REGIONAL CULTURAL SEQUENCES y UNDERSTANDING THE FULL MEASURE AND DEPTH OF HUMAN CULTURE
9 OK, HOW DO ARCHAEOLOGISTS DATE ARTIFACTS SITES CULTURES PHASES
10 BC
11 11,000-10,700 B.P.
12 4TH CENTURY BC
13 HOW ARCHAEOLOGISTS REFERENCE TIME
14 u v w BC/AD: BEFORE CHRIST BCE/CE: BEFORE COMMON ERA BP: BEFORE PRESENT
15 u v RELATIVE DATING ABSOLUTE DATING
16 u v RELATIVE DATING ABSOLUTE DATING
17 RELATIVE DATING The process of determining a sequence or order of events or objects relative to one another without determining their absolute age.
18
19
20
21 ? BC? BC? BC
22 TYPOLOGY The result of the process of classification (according to some sort of criteria). The product of the classification is a type
23
24 SERIATION
25 SERIATION Relative dating technique in which assemblages from multiple sites (in the same culture) are ordered chronologically based on specific traits.
26 CONTEXTUAL SERIATION Ordering based on the presence or absence of visible characteristics - shape, size, color, etc. FREQUENCY SERIATION Relies on measuring the proportional abundance or frequency of a design style
27 CONTEXTUAL SERIATION Ordering based on the presence or absence of visible characteristics - shape, size, color, etc. FREQUENCY SERIATION Relies on measuring the proportional abundance or frequency of a design style
28 CONTEXTUAL SERIATION Ordering based on the presence or absence of visible characteristics - shape, size, color, etc. FREQUENCY SERIATION Relies on measuring the proportional abundance or frequency of a design style
29 FLINDERS PETRIE
30
31
32 SEQUENCE DATING
33
34
35 COMPUTATIONAL SERIATION
36 JIM DEETZ
37
38 IBM 704
39
40 STRATIGRAPHY
41 LAW OF SUPERPOSITION
42 LAW OF SUPERPOSITION (Principle of Superposition). The idea that sedimentary layers are deposited in a chronological sequence, with the earliest at the bottom and the most recent at the top.
43 ARCHAEOLOGICAL STRATIGRAPHY (Stratification) horizontal layers of human activity built up over a period of time with earliest material on bottom, and most recent on top
44
45
46 STRATIGRAPHY
47 BIOSTRATIGRAPHY Focuses on correlating and assigning relative ages of strata by using the floral and/or faunal assemblages contained within them GEOCHRONOLOGY Correlating and assigning relative ages of strata by focusing on the actual geologic material. CULTURAL STRATIGRAPHY Stratigraphy based on human activity. Leverages diagnostic artifacts to better understand sequence. Cross dating important.
48 BIOSTRATIGRAPHY Focuses on correlating and assigning relative ages of strata by using the floral and/or faunal assemblages contained within them GEOCHRONOLOGY Correlating and assigning relative ages of strata by focusing on the actual geologic material. CULTURAL STRATIGRAPHY Stratigraphy based on human activity. Leverages diagnostic artifacts to better understand sequence. Cross dating important.
49 BIOSTRATIGRAPHY Focuses on correlating and assigning relative ages of strata by using the floral and/or faunal assemblages contained within them GEOCHRONOLOGY Correlating and assigning relative ages of strata by focusing on the actual geologic material. CULTURAL STRATIGRAPHY Stratigraphy based on human activity. Leverages diagnostic artifacts to better understand sequence. Cross dating important.
50 BIOSTRATIGRAPHY Focuses on correlating and assigning relative ages of strata by using the floral and/or faunal assemblages contained within them GEOCHRONOLOGY Correlating and assigning relative ages of strata by focusing on the actual geologic material. CULTURAL STRATIGRAPHY Stratigraphy based on human activity. Leverages diagnostic artifacts to better understand sequence. Cross dating important.
51 BIOSTRATIGRAPHY Focuses on correlating and assigning relative ages of strata by using the floral and/or faunal assemblages contained within them GEOCHRONOLOGY Correlating and assigning relative ages of strata by focusing on the actual geologic material. CULTURAL STRATIGRAPHY Stratigraphy based on human activity. Leverages diagnostic artifacts to better understand sequence. Cross dating important.
52 CROSS DATING Cross-dating (synchronism) looks for artifacts from historically dated areas that have been imported into undated areas and found in association with local artifacts.
53 ? BC? BC 400 BC? BC
54 u v RELATIVE DATING ABSOLUTE DATING
55 ABSOLUTE DATING Determining the approximate (numerical) age of an artifact, site, etc. Usually based on the physical or chemical properties of the materials of artifacts, buildings, or other items that have been modified by humans
56 DENDROCHRONOLOGY
57 DENDROCHRONOLOGY Method of determining dates based on the growth rings (tree rings or annual rings) of a tree.
58 DENDROCHRONOLOGY Method of determining dates based on the growth rings (tree rings or annual rings) of a tree.
59
60 ABCHORED CHRONOLOGIES Dendrochronological sequences that have been linked to other established absolute chronologies.
61 ABCHORED CHRONOLOGIES Dendrochronological sequences that have been linked to other established absolute chronologies.
62 ABCHORED CHRONOLOGIES: SOUTHWEST GREAT PLAINS MIDWEST GERMANY GREAT BRITAIN IRELAND NEW ZEALAND TURKEY JAPAN RUSSIA
63 RADIOCARBON DATING Uses the naturally occurring radioisotope carbon-14 to estimate the age of carbon-bearing materials up to about 58,000 to 62,000 years
64 RADIOCARBON DATING Uses the naturally occurring radioisotope carbon-14 to estimate the age of carbon-bearing materials up to about 58,000 to 62,000 years
65 CHARCOAL
66 UNCALIBRATED Uncalibrated dates are returned as Radiocarbon B.P. (Before Present), with 1950 being present. CALIBRATED The raw radiocarbon dates, in BP years, are calibrated to give calendar dates. Standard calibration curves are available, based on comparison of radiocarbon dates of samples that can be dated independently by other methods
67 UNCALIBRATED Uncalibrated dates are returned as Radiocarbon B.P. (Before Present), with 1950 being present. CALIBRATED The raw radiocarbon dates, in BP years, are calibrated to give calendar dates. Standard calibration curves are available, based on comparison of radiocarbon dates of samples that can be dated independently by other methods
68 UNCALIBRATED Uncalibrated dates are returned as Radiocarbon B.P. (Before Present), with 1950 being present. CALIBRATED The raw radiocarbon dates, in BP years, are calibrated to give calendar dates. Standard calibration curves are available, based on comparison of radiocarbon dates of samples that can be dated independently by other methods
69 PROBLEMS
70 BONES
71 PLANT REMAINS
72 RESERVOIR EFFECT
73 THERMOLUMINESCENCE The determination, by means of measuring the accumulated radiation dose, of the time elapsed since material containing crystalline minerals was either heated (lava, ceramics) or exposed to sunlight (sediments).
74 THERMOLUMINESCENCE The determination, by means of measuring the accumulated radiation dose, of the time elapsed since material containing crystalline minerals was either heated (lava, ceramics) or exposed to sunlight (sediments).
75
76
77
78 ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE Primarily used to date tooth enamel. Tooth enamel contains hydroxyapatite, which has no trapped charges when formed. Accumulates charges once in ground. Get range of years, not single year.
79 ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE Primarily used to date tooth enamel. Tooth enamel contains hydroxyapatite, which has no trapped charges when formed. Accumulates charges once in ground. Get range of years, not single year.
80 POTASSIUM ARGON DATING Based on measurement of the product of the radioactive decay of an isotope of potassium (K) into argon (Ar). Ideal for dating the formation of volcanic rock. Due to the long half-life, the technique is most applicable for dating minerals and rocks more than 100,000 years old
81 POTASSIUM ARGON DATING Based on measurement of the radioactive decay of an isotope of potassium (K) into argon (Ar). Ideal for dating the formation of volcanic rock. Due to the long half-life, the technique is most applicable for dating minerals and rocks more than 100,000 years old
82
83 SO WHAT?
84 u v CONTEXT? HOW IS THE AGE OF THE EVENT DATED MEANINGFUL IN TERMS OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR?
85 OLD WOOD
86
87 THE END
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