Welcome to General Geology!!

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Welcome to General Geology!!"

Transcription

1 Welcome to General Geology!! Professor Weeden: x3344 Olney 402B Class webpage: Text: Murck, BW & Skinner, BJ (2012) Visualizing Geology 3 rd ed., John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

2 Chapter 3: How Old Is Old? The Rock Record and Geologic Times White Cliffs of Dover chalk deposits, with coccolithophore (inset)

3 Relative age Learning Objectives Outline the four main principles of stratigraphy and the role of fossils in correlating strata. The geologic column Describe the four units of geologic time and associated fossils. Numerical age Explain the use of radioactive decay and magnetic polarity in dating rocks. The age of Earth Explain how geologists estimate the age of the Earth.

4 Is geologic time a tough concept?

5 Relative Age Sequence of past geologic events The age of rock, fossils, or other geologic feature relative to another feature Derived from three basic principles of stratigraphy

6 Relative Age Stratigraphy: The science of rock layers and the processes by which they are formed. Principal of original horizontality: Water-laid sediments are deposited in horizontal strata. Principle of stratigraphic superposition: Each stratum is younger than the stratum below it. Principle of lateral continuity: Sediments deposited in continuous layers. Principle of cross-cutting relationship: Stratum must be older than any feature that cuts or disrupts it.

7 Relative Age Stratigraphy Figure 3.1 Strata and the principles of stratigraphy

8 Relative Age Stratigraphy Figure 3.1 Strata and the principles of stratigraphy

9 What a Geologist Sees The Grand Canyon

10 What a Geologist Sees The Grand Canyon

11 Relative Age Gaps in the Record Numerical ages The age of a rock or geological feature in years before the present Unconformity A substantial gap in a stratigraphic sequence that marks the absence of a part of the rock record

12 Relative Age Gaps in the Record Figure 3.3 Unconformities

13 Relative Age Fossils and Correlation Paleontology The study of fossils and the record of ancient life on Earth The use of fossils for the determination of relative ages Fossils Shells, bones, or wood whose form has been preserved in sedimentary rocks Imprints of soft animal tissue Preserved tracks or footprints Any evidence of past life

14 Fossils and Correlation Figure 3.4 Pachypleurosaurus (top left); trilobite tracks (bottom left) and gastropod imprint (right)

15 Relative Age Fossils and Correlation Figure 3.5 Lebachia imprint, 250 million years old (above), modern Norfolk pine (right)

16 Principle of faunal and floral succession: stratigraphic ordering of fossil assemblages Fauna: animals Flora: plants Relative Age Fossils and Correlation Succession: new species succeed earlier ones over time Correlation A method of equating the ages of strata that come from two or more different places

17 Relative Age Fossils and Correlation

18 The Geologic Column The succession of all known strata, fitted together in relative chronological order Gaps in record could be filled with evidence from around the world Stratigraphic time scale Figure 3.7 Ammonite fossils

19 Earth s history divided into three eons: Hadean Archean Proterozoic The Geologic Column Eons and Eras Time between Earth s creation and age of the oldest rocks discovered Roughly when single-celled life developed Multicelled, soft-bodied organisms emerged

20 Figure 3.8 The geologic column in words and pictures

21 The Geologic Column Eons and Eras Phanerozoic: Current eon, means visible life Divided into three eras Paleozoic ( ancient life ) Mesozoic ( middle life ) Cenozoic ( recent life )

22 Eons and Eras Paleozoic Era Figure 3.8c Paleozoic Era

23 Eons and Eras Mesozoic Era Figure 3.8c Mesozoic Era

24 Eons and Eras Cenozoic Era Figure 3.8c Cenozoic Era

25 The Geologic Column Periods and Epochs Eras divided into shorter units called periods: Precambrian: Prior to Cambrian Period, rocks generally cannot be differentiated Cambrian explosion: Time of unprecedented diversification of life Periods are divided into epochs Figure 3.9 Cambrian explosion

26 The Geologic Column Periods and Epochs Figure 3.9 Cambrian explosion

27 The Geologic Column Periods and Epochs Figure 3.10 Most ancient macro fossil, Dickinsonia costata; lived 600 million years ago

28 Numerical Age Early Attempts Early attempts during 19th century Edmund Halley: suggested age based on rate of salt accumulation John Joly: calculated Halley s suggested approach; derived age of Earth as 90 million years old Charles Darwin: believed evolution a slow process; therefore, Earth had to be at least 300 million years old Lord Kelvin: used law of thermodynamics to calculate length of time Earth was a solid body; derived an age of 20 million years

29 Numerical Age Figure 3.11 Timeline

30 Numerical Age Early Attempts Radioactivity A process in which an element spontaneously transforms End product is either another isotope of the same element or into a different element

31 Numerical Age Figure 3.12 Radioactive decay

32 Rates of decay Time needed for half of the parent atom of a radioactive substance to decay into daughter atoms Radiometric dating Numerical Age Radioactivity and Numerical Ages The use of naturally occurring radioactive isotopes to determine the numerical age of minerals, rocks and fossils

33 Numerical Age Radioactivity and Numerical Ages Numerical time and the geological column Examine Figure 3.15 and determine the age of rock layer 4.

34 Magnetic Polarity Dating Paleomagnetism The study of rock magnetism to determine the intensity and direction of Earth s magnetic field in the geologic past Magnetic reversal A period of time in which Earth s magnetic polarity reverses itself Figure 3.16 Magnetic reversal time scale

35 Case Study Dating Human Ancestors By using the magnetic reversal time scale, paleontologists were able to bracket the age of human ancestral fossils. Hominid fossils go back as far as 2 million years ago and appear to have evolved from the older Austrolopithecus fossils (Lucy). Haddar sediments in northern Ethiopia are rich in hominid fossils

36 Case Study Dating Human Ancestors Reconstructed Austrolopithecus skulls found in the Haddar region A volcanic ash layer and a lava unit were dated using K-Ar dating to bracket the hominid fossils found.

37 The Age of Earth Oldest rock dated to about 4 billion years Geologic alteration and recycling of materials Figure 3.17 Acasta gneiss in northern Canada, 4.0 billion years ago it formed. This is the oldest rock found so far.

38 The Age of Earth Carbonaceous chondrites Meteorites believed to contain unaltered material from the formation of the solar system Around 4.56 billion years old Figure 3.18 Allende meteorite

39 Critical Thinking If the half life of Carbon-14 is 5,730 years, then 11,460 years, how much Carbon-14 remains? Would a surface between adjacent parallel layers of sediment be a disconformity if erosion had not occurred? Explain. Use an average rate of deposition of sediment of 1 cm a year to estimate the time needed for 2 km of sediment to deposit. Where might errors come from in your estimate?

Geologic Time Essentials of Geology, 11th edition, Chapter 18 Geologic Time: summary in haiku form Key Concepts Determining geological ages

Geologic Time Essentials of Geology, 11th edition, Chapter 18 Geologic Time: summary in haiku form Key Concepts Determining geological ages 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Geologic Time Essentials of Geology, 11 th edition, Chapter 18 Geologic Time: summary in haiku form Superposition and horizontality tell stories in rocks. Key

More information

geologic age of Earth - about 4.6 billion years

geologic age of Earth - about 4.6 billion years Geologic Time Geologic Time geologic age of Earth - about 4.6 billion years Geologic Time very difficult to appreciate from our human perspective necessary to understand history of Earth two basic ways

More information

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 12 Geologic Time 12.1 Discovering Earth s History Rocks Record Earth History Rocks record geological events and changing life forms of the past. We have

More information

Chapter 11 (Geologic Time)

Chapter 11 (Geologic Time) Chapter 11 (Geologic Time) Knowing the chronology of events is crucial for interpreting geologic history. One of the early figures in geology, James Hutton, observed of geologic time that there is "No

More information

Geologic Time. Decoding the Age of our Planet & North Carolina

Geologic Time. Decoding the Age of our Planet & North Carolina Geologic Time Decoding the Age of our Planet & North Carolina The Geologic Time Scale Objectives Describe the geologic time scale. Distinguish among the following geologic time scale divisions: eon, era,

More information

Geologic Time Test Study Guide

Geologic Time Test Study Guide Geologic Time Test Study Guide Chapter 12 Section 1 The Earth s Story and Those Who First Listened 1. What is the difference between uniformitarianism and catastrophism? Uniformitarianism: the same geologic

More information

6/30/2018. Geologic Time. Earth, Chapter 9 Chapter 9 Geologic Time

6/30/2018. Geologic Time. Earth, Chapter 9 Chapter 9 Geologic Time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Geologic Time Earth, Chapter 9 Chapter 9 Geologic Time The Importance of a Time Scale Interpreting Earth s history is an important goal of the science of

More information

Timing of Geologic Events. Geologic Time Terms. Laws / Principles of Stratigraphy

Timing of Geologic Events. Geologic Time Terms. Laws / Principles of Stratigraphy Geologic Time Terms Hadean Archean Proterozoic Phanerozoic Paleozoic Mesozoic Cenozoic(Tertiary) Cambrian Unconformity Angular unconformity Half-life Alpha particle Beta particle Gamma ray Neutron UT How

More information

Lecture Outline Friday Feb. 21 Wednesday Feb. 28, 2018

Lecture Outline Friday Feb. 21 Wednesday Feb. 28, 2018 Lecture Outline Friday Feb. 21 Wednesday Feb. 28, 2018 Questions? Key Points for today What are the 5 relative age dating principles and how do you apply the principles to determine a geologic history

More information

Geologic Time. Earth s History

Geologic Time. Earth s History Geologic Time Chapter 12 Earth s History Earth s history is recorded in rocks Rocks record geological events and changing life forms of the past. We have learned that Earth is much older than anyone had

More information

Principle of Uniformitarianism: Laws of nature don t change with time

Principle of Uniformitarianism: Laws of nature don t change with time G e o l o g i c T i m e Principle of Uniformitarianism: Laws of nature don t change with time Radical idea proposed by Hutton in 1780 s Proposed that past events could be explained by modern processes

More information

Chapter 8 TIMING THE GEOLOGIC RECORD

Chapter 8 TIMING THE GEOLOGIC RECORD Chapter 8 Fossils (cont.): Petrified Forest, Arizona. These ancient logs are millions of years old. Their substance was completely replaced by silica, which preserved all the original details of form.

More information

The principle of fossil succession allows strata in different parts of the world to be correlated, and worldwide relative ages to be worked out

The principle of fossil succession allows strata in different parts of the world to be correlated, and worldwide relative ages to be worked out Correlating beds using index fossils Stratigraphic Classification: Piles of stratified rocks need to be classified. A formation is an easily identifiable rock unit that differs from layers above and below

More information

HISTORICAL NOTES. Catastrophism. James Usher, mid-1600s, concluded Earth was only a few thousand years old

HISTORICAL NOTES. Catastrophism. James Usher, mid-1600s, concluded Earth was only a few thousand years old 1 GEOLOGIC TIME HISTORICAL NOTES Catastrophism James Usher, mid-1600s, concluded Earth was only a few thousand years old Uniformitarianism Charles Lyell published Principles of Geology 1830. 3 HOW DO WE

More information

Objectives. Vocabulary. Describe the geologic time scale. Distinguish among the following geologic time scale divisions: eon, era, period, and epoch.

Objectives. Vocabulary. Describe the geologic time scale. Distinguish among the following geologic time scale divisions: eon, era, period, and epoch. The Geologic Time Scale Objectives Describe the geologic time scale. Distinguish among the following geologic time scale divisions: eon, era, period, and epoch. Vocabulary geologic time scale eon era period

More information

Rock cycle diagram. Principle of Original Horizontality. Sediment is deposited horizontally

Rock cycle diagram. Principle of Original Horizontality. Sediment is deposited horizontally Geologic Time Rock cycle diagram Leaves of History Chapter 21 Lateral Continuity Principle of Original Horizontality Sediment is deposited horizontally Principle of Superposition Oldest rock A Younger

More information

Earth s History. The principle of states that geologic processes that happened in the past can be explained by current geologic processes.

Earth s History. The principle of states that geologic processes that happened in the past can be explained by current geologic processes. Earth s History Date: Been There, Done That What is the principle of uniformitarianism? The principle of states that geologic processes that happened in the past can be explained by current geologic processes.

More information

Clues to Earth s Past. Fossils and Geologic Time

Clues to Earth s Past. Fossils and Geologic Time Clues to Earth s Past Fossils and Geologic Time Fossils A. Paleontologists study fossils and reconstruct the appearance of animals. Fossils B. Fossils remains, imprints, or traces of prehistoric organisms

More information

Fossils: evidence of past life

Fossils: evidence of past life Fossils: evidence of past life Remains or traces of prehistoric life Petrified Cavities and pores are filled with precipitated mineral matter Petrified Formed by replacement Cell material is removed and

More information

Today: 1) Quiz- Vocabulary Chapter 8 2) Lecture on Telling Time Geologically

Today: 1) Quiz- Vocabulary Chapter 8 2) Lecture on Telling Time Geologically Today: 1) Quiz- Vocabulary Chapter 8 2) Lecture on Telling Time Geologically Next Class: 1) Go over Exam 2 2) Continue: Telling Time Geologically 3) In Class Exercise: Radiometric dating Introduction to

More information

Geologic History. Earth is very, very old

Geologic History. Earth is very, very old Geologic History Earth is very, very old Earth s History The history of Earth and the ages of rocks can be investigated and understood by studying rocks and fossils. Evidence of ancient, often extinct

More information

Remains or traces of prehistoric life

Remains or traces of prehistoric life Fossils: evidence of past life Remains or traces of prehistoric life Petrified Cavities and pores are filled with precipitated p mineral matter Petrified Formed by replacement Cell material is removed

More information

Deep Time: How Old Is Old?

Deep Time: How Old Is Old? Deep Time: How Old Is Old? Updated by: Based on slides prepared by: Rick Oches, Professor of Geology & Environmental Sciences Bentley University Waltham, Massachusetts Ronald L. Parker, Senior Geologist

More information

11/5/2015. Creating a Time Scale - Relative Dating Principles. Creating a Time Scale - Relative Dating Principles. The Geologic Time Scale

11/5/2015. Creating a Time Scale - Relative Dating Principles. Creating a Time Scale - Relative Dating Principles. The Geologic Time Scale GEOL 110: PHYSICAL GEOLOGY Why is the Geologic Time Scale important? Rocks record geologic and evolutionary changes throughout Earth s history Without a time perspective, events have little meaning Chapter

More information

Geologic Time: Concepts and Principles

Geologic Time: Concepts and Principles Geologic Time: Concepts and Principles Introduction - An appreciation for the immensity of geologic time is essential for understanding the history of our planet - Geologists use two references for time

More information

Fossils provide evidence of the change in organisms over time.

Fossils provide evidence of the change in organisms over time. Section 1: Fossils provide evidence of the change in organisms over time. K What I Know W What I Want to Find Out L What I Learned Essential Questions What are the similarities and differences between

More information

Studying The Past. II. Why Do We Study Fossils Found in Rocks?

Studying The Past. II. Why Do We Study Fossils Found in Rocks? Studying The Past I. What is a Fossil? A. Definition: The evidence or remains of once-living plants or animals II. Why Do We Study Fossils Found in Rocks? A. To provide evidence of the past existence of

More information

Earth History

Earth History Earth History 89.331 Course information Prof. Lori Weeden Office: Olney 402b Office phone: 978-934-3344 Lori_weeden@uml.edu Course web page: http://faculty.uml.edu/lweeden/earthlife.htm Earth System History

More information

9. DATING OF ROCKS, FOSSILS, AND GEOLOGIC EVENTS

9. DATING OF ROCKS, FOSSILS, AND GEOLOGIC EVENTS LAST NAME (IN CAPS): FIRST NAME: Instructions: 9. DATING OF ROCKS, FOSSILS, AND GEOLOGIC EVENTS Refer to Laboratory 8 in your Lab Manual on pages 207-226 to answer the questions in this work sheet. Your

More information

Geologic Time: Hutton s Outcrop at Siccar Point

Geologic Time: Hutton s Outcrop at Siccar Point Geologic Time: How do we determine age (relative & absolute) What is the age of the earth? How do we know? Hutton s Outcrop at Siccar Point Hutton looked at this outcrop and reasoned that the Earth was

More information

Stratigraphy and Geologic Time. How old are the rocks?

Stratigraphy and Geologic Time. How old are the rocks? Stratigraphy and Geologic Time How old are the rocks? 1 Questions What is the difference between Absolute and Relative dating? How old is the Earth? How can we use fossils to date rocks? How are the absolute

More information

Earth Science 11: Geologic Time Unit

Earth Science 11: Geologic Time Unit Earth Science 11: Geologic Time Unit Text: Chapters 8 Lab: Exercise 6 Name Earth Science 11: Geologic Time Page 1 Geology 12: Geologic Time 8.1: The Geologic Time Scale Today, we know that Earth is approximately

More information

Unit 2 Lesson 3 Absolute Dating. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 2 Lesson 3 Absolute Dating. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company It s About Time! How can the absolute age of rock be determined? Determining the actual age of an event or object in years is called absolute dating. Scientists often use radioactive isotopes to find the

More information

Topic 7: Historical Geology

Topic 7: Historical Geology Topic 7: Historical Geology (ES. 8 b, 9 a-e, 10 a-d, 12 a, b, e) ES.8 The student will investigate and understand geologic processes including plate tectonics. Key concepts include: b) processes (faulting,

More information

Read It! Station Directions

Read It! Station Directions Read It! Station Directions Each member of the group will read the passage and answer the questions from the task cards on the lab sheet in the Read It! section. It is important to remember that the answers

More information

Chapter 3 Time and Geology

Chapter 3 Time and Geology Chapter 3 Time and Geology Methods of Dating Rocks 1. Relative dating - Using fundamental principles of geology (Steno's Laws, Fossil Succession, etc.) to determine the relative ages of rocks (which rocks

More information

Exploring Geology Chapter 9 Geologic Time

Exploring Geology Chapter 9 Geologic Time Exploring Geology Chapter 9 Geologic Time Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 9: Geologic Time Stratigraphic Principles Relative Age Dating

More information

Name Date EARTH S HISTORY VOCABULARY

Name Date EARTH S HISTORY VOCABULARY Name Date EARTH S HISTORY VOCABULARY Use Figure 2 to answer the following two questions. 10. Interpreting Graphics Which is older the sandstone layer or Dike A? Explain your answer. Conglomerate Sandstone

More information

HISTORICAL GEOLOGY. Relative & Absolute age, fossils and geologic time

HISTORICAL GEOLOGY. Relative & Absolute age, fossils and geologic time HISTORICAL GEOLOGY Relative & Absolute age, fossils and geologic time Historical Geology A. Measuring Time 1. Relative Time (Relative Age) Measurement of time using comparison. No numbers used; uses words

More information

Time. How we achieved a modern sense of time. Yearly Calendars are Ancient

Time. How we achieved a modern sense of time. Yearly Calendars are Ancient Time How we achieved a modern sense of time. Yearly Calendars are Ancient Stonehenge is 2000+ BC and indicates that ancient cultures counted days and knew precisely the repeat cycle of the seasons. 1 Renaissance

More information

GEOLOGIC TIME. Smith and Pun, Chapter 7 DETERMINING THE ORDER OF EVENTS

GEOLOGIC TIME. Smith and Pun, Chapter 7 DETERMINING THE ORDER OF EVENTS GEOLOGIC TIME Smith and Pun, Chapter 7 DETERMINING THE ORDER OF EVENTS Examination of ancient rocks reveals the history of our planet. Sedimentary and volcanic rocks record processes that occur on the

More information

Section 7. Reading the Geologic History of Your Community. What Do You See? Think About It. Investigate. Learning Outcomes

Section 7. Reading the Geologic History of Your Community. What Do You See? Think About It. Investigate. Learning Outcomes Chapter 3 Minerals, Rocks, and Structures Section 7 Reading the Geologic History of Your Community What Do You See? Learning Outcomes In this section, you will Goals Text Learning Outcomes In this section,

More information

Unit 6: Interpreting Earth s History

Unit 6: Interpreting Earth s History Unit 6: Interpreting Earth s History How do we know that the Earth has changed over time? Regent s Earth Science Name: Topics Relative Dating Uniformitarianism Superposition Original Horizontality Igneous

More information

Geologic Time: Hutton s Outcrop at Siccar Point. How do we determine age (relative & absolute) What is the age of the earth? How do we know?

Geologic Time: Hutton s Outcrop at Siccar Point. How do we determine age (relative & absolute) What is the age of the earth? How do we know? Geologic Time: How do we determine age (relative & absolute) What is the age of the earth? How do we know? What is the age of the Earth? A. 4.44 million years B. 1 million years C. 4.55 billion years D.

More information

Learning Goal: Students will review their understanding of earth s history Success Criteria: Students will solve a variety of problems Agenda: 1.

Learning Goal: Students will review their understanding of earth s history Success Criteria: Students will solve a variety of problems Agenda: 1. Learning Goal: Students will review their understanding of earth s history Success Criteria: Students will solve a variety of problems Agenda: 1. Review 2. Earth history review Why are ancient volcanic

More information

Absolute Age - Radioactive Decay. Absolute Age - Isotopes. Absolute Age - Radioactive Decay

Absolute Age - Radioactive Decay. Absolute Age - Isotopes. Absolute Age - Radioactive Decay GEOL 100 (Planet Earth) #12 - Earth s Clock Geologic Time - Absolute Age Absolute Age = age of rock (or geologic event) in years. Need constant process as well as record of process; constant process in

More information

STUDY GUIDE CHAPTERS 12 & 13 GEOLOGIC TIME CHAPTER 12 SECTION 12.1

STUDY GUIDE CHAPTERS 12 & 13 GEOLOGIC TIME CHAPTER 12 SECTION 12.1 NAME PERIOD DATE STUDY GUIDE CHAPTERS 12 & 13 GEOLOGIC TIME CHAPTER 12 SECTION 12.1 1. WHAT IS THE PRINCIPLE OF UNIFORMITARIANISM PUT FORWARD BY JAMES HUTTON IN THE LATE 1700 s? 2. HOW DID UNIFORMITARIANISM

More information

Chapter 09 Geologic Time

Chapter 09 Geologic Time Physical Geology 1330 116-S&R 1 Chapter 09 Geologic Time Lectures 12 & 13 Dr. Mike Murphy mmurphy@mail.uh.edu 333-S&R-1 www.uh.edu/~mamurph2/homepage.html Two Ways to Date Geologic Events 1. Relative Dating

More information

GEOLOGICAL TIME / DATING TECHNIQUES

GEOLOGICAL TIME / DATING TECHNIQUES DATE DUE: INSTRUCTOR: TERRY J. BOROUGHS Geology 305 NAME: SECTION: GEOLOGICAL TIME / DATING TECHNIQUES Instructions: Read each question carefully before selecting the BEST answer. Provide specific and

More information

GEOLOGICAL TIME / DATING TECHNIQUES

GEOLOGICAL TIME / DATING TECHNIQUES DATE DUE: INSTRUCTOR: TERRY J. BOROUGHS Geology 305 NAME: SECTION: GEOLOGICAL TIME / DATING TECHNIQUES Instructions: Read each question carefully before selecting the BEST answer. Provide specific and

More information

Earth s Changing Surface Chapter 4

Earth s Changing Surface Chapter 4 Name Hour Due Date Earth s Changing Surface Chapter (You do not need your book) Page 1 Fossils Summary Page 2 Traces of Tracks Page 3 Finding the Relative Age of Rocks Summary. Page - Finding the Relative

More information

Chapter 17. Geologic Time: Concepts and Principles

Chapter 17. Geologic Time: Concepts and Principles Chapter 17 Geologic Time: Concepts and Principles Introduction The Grand Canyon - Major John Wesley Powell, in 1869, led a group of explorers down the Colorado River. Powell was impressed with the geology

More information

Geology Laboratory - GEOL 101. Ray Rector - Instructor

Geology Laboratory - GEOL 101. Ray Rector - Instructor GEOLOGIC DATING LAB Principles and Applications Geology Laboratory - GEOL 101 Ray Rector - Instructor Earth s Age and History How Old Is the Earth? How Can We Determine Earth s Geologic History? Two Primary

More information

SAMPLE QUESTIONS FOR GEOLOGY 103, TEST 1

SAMPLE QUESTIONS FOR GEOLOGY 103, TEST 1 SAMPLE QUESTIONS FOR GEOLOGY 103, TEST 1 The correct answers are listed at the bottom (no peeking!). These questions are to give you an idea of the type of questions that will be asked. They are not a

More information

GEOLOGIC DATING LAB Principles and Applications

GEOLOGIC DATING LAB Principles and Applications GEOLOGIC DATING LAB Principles and Applications Geology Laboratory - GEOL 101 Ray Rector - Instructor Earth s Age and History How Old Is the Earth? How Can We Determine Earth s Geologic History? Scientific

More information

Chapter Introduction. Chapter Wrap-Up. Explosion

Chapter Introduction. Chapter Wrap-Up. Explosion Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Chapter Wrap-Up Geologic Time Ancient Earth The Cambrian Explosion How have natural events changed Earth over time? What do you think? Before you begin,

More information

Clues to Earth s Past

Clues to Earth s Past Chapter Review Clues to Earth s Past Part A. Vocabulary Review Directions: Use the clues below to complete the crossword puzzle. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Across 2. Element found in tissues of most organisms 4.

More information

Determining geological ages

Determining geological ages Determining geological ages Relative ages placing rocks and geologic events in their proper sequence, oldest to youngest. Absolute dates define the actual numerical age of a particular geologic event.

More information

Geologic Time. What is Age? Absolute Age The number of years since the rock formed. (150 million years old, 10 thousand years old.

Geologic Time. What is Age? Absolute Age The number of years since the rock formed. (150 million years old, 10 thousand years old. Geologic Time There are 2 kinds: What is Age? Absolute Age The number of years since the rock formed. (150 million years old, 10 thousand years old.) Relative Age The age compared to the ages of other

More information

Date: TEN UNIT. Earth. History. and

Date: TEN UNIT. Earth. History. and Name: Date: UNIT TEN Geologic Time and Earth History *Dedicated to: Name: Date: ABSTRACTT AND RATIONALE The Earth is very old 4.5 billion years or more according to scientific estimates. Most of the evidence

More information

9. RELATIVE AND RADIOMETRIC AGES

9. RELATIVE AND RADIOMETRIC AGES LAST NAME (IN CAPS): FIRST NAME: Instructions: 9. RELATIVE AND RADIOMETRIC AGES Your work will be graded on the basis of its accuracy, completion, clarity, neatness, legibility, and correct spelling of

More information

Geologic Time. Geologic Events

Geologic Time. Geologic Events Geologic Time Much of geology is focused on understanding Earth's history. The physical characteristics of rocks and minerals offer clues to the processes and conditions on and within Earth in the past.

More information

2/5/17. #7 Geologic Time #7 Geologic Time

2/5/17. #7 Geologic Time #7 Geologic Time #7 #7 = all of time since Earth formed (4.6 billion years ago, b.y.a.). Geologists study rocks, fossils, geologic structures (faults, folds) to characterize Earth's history. Natural disasters involve present-day.

More information

Chapter 3 Time and Geology

Chapter 3 Time and Geology Chapter 3 Time and Geology Finding the age of rocks: Relative versus Actual Dating The science that deals with determining the ages of rocks is called geochronology. Methods of Dating Rocks 1. Relative

More information

ENVI.2030L Geologic Time

ENVI.2030L Geologic Time Name ENVI.2030L Geologic Time I. Introduction There are two types of geologic time, relative and absolute. In the case of relative time geologic events are arranged in their order of occurrence. No attempt

More information

Age of Earth/Geologic Time. Vocabulary

Age of Earth/Geologic Time. Vocabulary Age of Earth/Geologic Time Vocabulary Big Ideas Geologic Time Earth Structures Identify current methods for measuring the age of Earth and its parts, including the law of superposition and radioactive

More information

GEOLOGIC EVENTS SEDIMENTARY ROCKS FAULTING FOLDING TILTING

GEOLOGIC EVENTS SEDIMENTARY ROCKS FAULTING FOLDING TILTING RELATIVE TIME (DATING) ABSOLUTE TIME (DATING) GEOLOGIC TIME List the order in which events occurred, without regard to the amount of time separating them. Refers to the age of a rock in relation to other

More information

Before the 1700 s, scientists thought that the Earth was only 6,000 years old. This mindset was based on biblical references.

Before the 1700 s, scientists thought that the Earth was only 6,000 years old. This mindset was based on biblical references. Before the 1700 s, scientists thought that the Earth was only 6,000 years old. This mindset was based on biblical references. However, as scientists began to better understand the processes that shape

More information

Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating

Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating Radioactivity and radiometric dating Atomic structure Radioactivity Allows us to put numerical ages on geologic events Atomic structure reviewed Nucleus composed

More information

Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating

Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating Radioactivity and radiometric dating Atomic structure Radioactivity Allows us to put numerical ages on geologic events Atomic structure reviewed Atom model Nucleus

More information

Integrated Science. Geologic Time Notes. Section 1: Geologic Time

Integrated Science. Geologic Time Notes. Section 1: Geologic Time Integrated Science Geologic Time Notes Section 1: Geologic Time To help in the analysis of Earth s rocks, geologists have divided the history of Earth into time units based upon the fossils contained in

More information

Before the 1700 s, scientists thought that the Earth was only 6,000 years old. This mindset was based on biblical references.

Before the 1700 s, scientists thought that the Earth was only 6,000 years old. This mindset was based on biblical references. Before the 1700 s, scientists thought that the Earth was only 6,000 years old. This mindset was based on biblical references. However, as scientists began to better understand the processes that shape

More information

8. GEOLOGIC TIME LAST NAME (ALL IN CAPS): FIRST NAME: Instructions

8. GEOLOGIC TIME LAST NAME (ALL IN CAPS): FIRST NAME: Instructions LAST NAME (ALL IN CAPS): FIRST NAME: Instructions 8. GEOLOGIC TIME Refer to Exercise 6 in your Lab Manual on pages 151-168 to answer the questions in this work sheet. Your work will be graded on the basis

More information

FOSSILS. Book G Chapter 4 Section 1

FOSSILS. Book G Chapter 4 Section 1 FOSSILS Book G Chapter 4 Section 1 OVERVIEW Explain what fossils are and how most fossils form. Describe what fossils tell about how organisms have changed over time. Identify and describe different types

More information

3 Absolute Dating: A Measure of Time

3 Absolute Dating: A Measure of Time CHAPTER 3 3 Absolute Dating: A Measure of Time SECTION The Rock and Fossil Record BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How can geologists learn the

More information

Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating

Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating STM Chapters 7 and 8 Pages 135-142 And 157-166 Radioactivity and radiometric dating Atomic structure Radioactivity Allows us to put numerical ages on geologic events

More information

17-1 The Fossil Record Slide 2 of 40

17-1 The Fossil Record Slide 2 of 40 2 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life What is the fossil record? 3 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life Fossils and Ancient Life Paleontologists are scientists who collect and study fossils. All information about

More information

The Environment and Change Over Time

The Environment and Change Over Time The Environment and Change Over Time Fossil Evidence of Evolution What do you think? Read the two statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if

More information

PLEASE DO NOT WRITE ON THIS QUIZ! Relative Dating and Stratigraphic Principles Quiz

PLEASE DO NOT WRITE ON THIS QUIZ! Relative Dating and Stratigraphic Principles Quiz PLEASE DO NOT WRITE ON THIS QUIZ! Relative Dating and Stratigraphic Principles Quiz TEST NO A Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

More information

A Trip Through Geologic Time

A Trip Through Geologic Time A Trip Through Geologic Time A Trip Through Geologic Time Review In: Have the same animals that live today always been on Earth? Illustrate and JUSTIFY. When finished with this In Question, show Ms. Johnson

More information

Chapter 24 Geologic Time. Physical Science II Module 3, Part 4

Chapter 24 Geologic Time. Physical Science II Module 3, Part 4 Chapter 24 Geologic Time Physical Science II Module 3, Part 4 Geologic Time Geologists study the rocks/minerals, the structures, and the processes that occur on Earth today. In addition, geologists look

More information

II. Knowing and Understanding the Six Principles of Stratigraphy:

II. Knowing and Understanding the Six Principles of Stratigraphy: Student Name(s): Physical Geology 101 Laboratory Relative Dating of Rocks Using Stratigraphic Principles Grade: I. Introduction & Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to learn and apply the concepts of

More information

Biology. Slide 1 of 40. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Biology. Slide 1 of 40. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Biology 1 of 40 2 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life What is the fossil record? 3 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life The fossil record provides evidence about the history of life on Earth. It also shows how different

More information

G-100 Lectures 12 & 13 Clocks in Rocks

G-100 Lectures 12 & 13 Clocks in Rocks A riddle: G-100 Lectures 12 & 13 Clocks in Rocks This thing all things devours: Birds, beasts, trees, flowers; Gnaws iron, bites steel, Grinds hard stones to meal; Slays king, ruins town, And beats high

More information

Unit V: Earth s History

Unit V: Earth s History Rock Outcrop on Rte. 12 Depauville Unit V: Earth s History Review Book pp.97-112. Original photo taken by Mr. O on 8/11/10. Objective #1 Describe processes that formed the atmosphere and oceans of early

More information

CHAPTER 8 DETERMINING EARTH S AGE RELATIVE AND ABSOLUTE ROCK AGES. Loulousis

CHAPTER 8 DETERMINING EARTH S AGE RELATIVE AND ABSOLUTE ROCK AGES. Loulousis CHAPTER 8 DETERMINING EARTH S AGE RELATIVE AND ABSOLUTE ROCK AGES Loulousis Bellringer What are 5 visual clues that help you determine if someone is older or younger than you? Color of hair Wrinkles in

More information

Geological Time How old is the Earth

Geological Time How old is the Earth Geological Time How old is the Earth How old is everything? Universe? Universe ~ 14 Billion Years Old Milky Way Galaxy? Milky Way Galaxy - 10 Billion Years Old Solar System? Solar System -4.6 Billion Years

More information

TRACE FOSSIL FOSSIL ICE CORE RELATIVE DATING SUPERPOSITION ABSOLUTE DATING GEOLOGIC COLUMN UNIFORMITARIANISM HALF-LIFE RADIOACTIVE DECAY

TRACE FOSSIL FOSSIL ICE CORE RELATIVE DATING SUPERPOSITION ABSOLUTE DATING GEOLOGIC COLUMN UNIFORMITARIANISM HALF-LIFE RADIOACTIVE DECAY THIS IS NOT THE SAME TEST. YOU MUST ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS. NAME: Bubble the circle below U3L1 Write the letter next to the vocab term VOCAB MATCH 1 A. O B. O C. O D. O 1 2 A. O B. O C. O D. O 2 3 A. O B.

More information

THE HISTORY OF THE EARTH EARTH SCIENCE

THE HISTORY OF THE EARTH EARTH SCIENCE THE HISTORY OF THE EARTH EARTH SCIENCE FOSSILS Paleontology is the study of life that existed in prehistoric times A fossil is any evidence of earlier life preserved in rock. Shells Bones Petrified trees

More information

Earth History 870:035

Earth History 870:035 Earth History 870:035 Course goal: To describe the history of Earth and its inhabitants Most of Earth s history predates humanity, so it has not been observed Therefore, we will emphasize how scientists

More information

How do we learn about ancient life? Fossil- a trace or imprint of a living thing that is preserved by geological processes.

How do we learn about ancient life? Fossil- a trace or imprint of a living thing that is preserved by geological processes. Unit 1B Lesson 4 History of Life on Earth How do we learn about ancient life? Paleontologists scientists that studies fossils Fossil- a trace or imprint of a living thing that is preserved by geological

More information

Quiz Three (9:30-9:35 AM)

Quiz Three (9:30-9:35 AM) Quiz Three (9:30-9:35 AM) UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 112: Earth History Lecture 7 & 8: Dating Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Last Time 1. William Smith and Water 2. Stratigraphic Principles 3.

More information

Geochronology. study of 'Earth time' Historical Geology. study of the physical and biological evolution of the Earth & its life

Geochronology. study of 'Earth time' Historical Geology. study of the physical and biological evolution of the Earth & its life http://talc.geo.umn.edu/courses/100i/1001kirkby/ss6.html Page I of II 3/17/2006 Geochronology study of 'Earth time' time scale of geologic processes & methods of measuring time Historical Geology study

More information

Notes on Life & Geologic Time Name:

Notes on Life & Geologic Time Name: Notes on Life & Geologic Time Name: S.W.B.A.T Explain how time can be divided into units Relate changes of Earth s to divisions on the geologic time scale Describe how plate tectonics affects Geologic

More information

GEL 113 Historical Geology

GEL 113 Historical Geology GEL 113 Historical Geology COURSE DESCRIPTION: Prerequisites: GEL 111 Corequisites: None This course covers the geological history of the earth and its life forms. Emphasis is placed on the study of rock

More information

Science 20. Unit C: The Changing Earth. Assignment Booklet C1

Science 20. Unit C: The Changing Earth. Assignment Booklet C1 Science 20 Unit C: The Changing Earth Assignment Booklet C FOR TEACHER S USE ONLY Summary Teacher s Comments Chapter Assignment Total Possible Marks 60 Your Mark Science 20 Unit C: The Changing Earth Assignment

More information

The History of Life. Before You Read. Read to Learn

The History of Life. Before You Read. Read to Learn 14 The History of Life section 1 Fossil Evidence of Change Before You Read Throughout Earth s history, many species have become extinct. On the lines below, name some organisms that have become extinct.

More information

17-1 The Fossil Record Slide 1 of 40

17-1 The Fossil Record Slide 1 of 40 1 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life Fossils and Ancient Life Paleontologists are scientists who collect and study fossils. All information about past life is called the fossil record. The fossil record includes

More information

First, an supershort History of the Earth by Eon

First, an supershort History of the Earth by Eon HISTORY OF LIFE WRITTEN IN THE ROCKS (geological record): notice how at first no life, very simple if for billions of years, complex life only recently 600 mya In these chapters, two primary themes: History

More information

Unit A (225 m.y. old) Unit B (how old is it?) Unit C (275 m.y. old)

Unit A (225 m.y. old) Unit B (how old is it?) Unit C (275 m.y. old) Radiometric Dating Relative dating techniques are based on principles can be used to differentiate the relative age rock units and landforms. Relative dating techniques by themselves cannot be used to

More information