USING A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM TO PREDICT FLOW DURATION CURVES AT UNGAGED STREAM SITES IN GUAM

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Shahram Khosrowpanah khosrow@triton.uog.

1 USING A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM TO PREDICT FLOW DURATION CURVES AT UNGAGED STREAM SITES IN GUAM Dr. Leroy F. Heitz lheitz@triton.uog.edu Dr. Shahram Khosrowpanah khosrow@triton.uog.edu Water and Environmental Research Institute of the Western Pacific, University of Guam, Mangilao, Guam, USA Page 1

2 ALWAYS A NEED FOR HYDROLOGIC INFORMATION WATER SUPPLY RESERVOIRS INSTREAM FLOWS Page 2 HYDROPOWER

3 HYDROLOGIC DATA NEEDS THAT WE CONCENTRATED ON AVERAGE FLOWS IN STREAMS FLOW VARIABILITY IN STREAMS Page 3

4 WHAT S THIS PROJECT IS ALL ABOUT AGE OLD HYDROLOGY PROBLEM GAGE SITE AT GAGE SITES We Can Compute AVERAGE FLOW AND FLOW VARIABILITY Page 4

5 WHAT S THIS PROJECT ALL ABOUT UN-GAGED STREAM SITES?? NO DATA Page 5

6 PROJECT GOALS DEVELOP AVERAGE FLOW AND FLOW VARIABILITY FOR UN-GAGED STREAM SITES IN SOUTH GUAM FOR ALL POINTS ALONG MAJOR STREAMS FOR SIMILAR SEGMENTS OF STREAMS CALLED REACHES Page 6

7 FIRST STEP WAS TO DEVELOP CURVES THAT DESCRIBE FLOW VARIABILITY AT GAGED SITES Page 7

8 STREAM GAGES USED IN THE PROJECT GUAM STREAMFLOW DATA AVAILABILITY (53-82) MISSING DATA 1/1/1953 1/1/1955 1/1/1957 1/1/1959 1/1/1961 1/1/1963 1/1/1965 1/1/1967 1/1/1969 1/1/1971 1/1/1973 1/1/1975 1/1/1977 1/1/1979 1/1/1981 1/1/1983 Aplacho River 2.3 Umatac River 8.52 La Sa Fua River 4.42 Imong River 9.71 Almagosa River 6.4 Maulap River 5.09 Ugum above Ugum River near Pago River 25.7 Ylig River Finile 1.41 Inarajan Tianaga 5.61 Cetti River 4.34 Geus 3.00 La Sa Fua 4.42 Tolyaeyuus Agat Talofofo Lonfit Page 8

9 UMATAC GAGE FLOW DATA FROM USGS WEB SITE # Data provided for site # DD parameter statistic Description # Discharge, cubic feet per second (Mean) # # Data-value qualification codes included in this output: # A Approved for publication -- Processing and review completed. # e Value has been estimated. # agency_cd site_no datetime 01_00060_01_00060_00003_cd 5s 15s 20d 14n 10s USGS /1/ A USGS /2/ A USGS /3/ A USGS /4/ A USGS /5/ A USGS /6/ A USGS /7/ A USGS /8/ A USGS /9/ A DAILY AVERAGE FLOW CFS Page 9

10 UMATAC GAGE FLOW DURATION CURVE SIMPLE STATISTICAL FLOW VARIABILITY REPRESENTATION UMATAC FLOW DURATON ALL DATA Flow FLOW IN CFS % 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% % of time flow is PERCENT equaled OF TIME FLOW IS EQUALED or exceeded OR EXCEEDED Page 10

11 PARAMETRIC FLOW DURATION CURVE DATA GAGE AVG 0% 10% 30% 50% 80% 95% UMATAC IMONG PAGO YLIG FINILE INARAJAN TINAGO GUESS UGUM NR FROM DURATION CURVES: PICK OFF AVERAGE, 0%, 10%, 30%, 50%, 80%, AND 95% FOR EACH GAGE PLOT ALL: 0% VS AVERAGE, 10% VERSUS AVERAGE, 30%VS AVERAGE, 50% VS AVERAGE, 80% VS AVERAGE, AND 95% VS AVERAGE Page 11

12 PARAMETRIC FLOW DURATION CURVES EXCEEDANCE PERCENT FLOW (CFS) EXCEEDANCE PERCENT FLOW (CFS) PARAMETRIC CURVES ( ) 0 % 10 % 30 % 50 % 80 % 95 % y = x R² = y = 1.876x R² = y = 0.769x R² = y = x R² = y = x R² = y = x R² = AVERAGE FLOW (CFS) AVERAGE FLOW (CFS) 0% 10% 30% 50% 80% 95% Power (0%) Power (10%) Power (30%) Power (50%) Power (80%) Power (95%) WE GET A REGRESSION EQUATION FOR EACH DATA SET Page 12

13 USING PARAMETRIC FLOW DURATION CURVES TO PREDICT DURATION CURVE AT AN UN-GAGED SITE EXCEEDANCE PERCENT FLOW (CFS) EXCEEDANCE PERCENT FLOW (CFS) PARAMETRIC CURVES ( ) 0 % 10 % 30 % 50 % 80 % 95 % y = x R² = y = 1.876x R² = y = 0.769x R² = y = x R² = y = x R² = y = x R² = AVERAGE FLOW (CFS) AVERAGE FLOW (CFS) 25 CFS 0% 10% 30% 50% 80% 95% Power (0%) Power (10%) Power (30%) Power (50%) Power (80%) Power (95%) Page 13

14 RECONSTRUCTED SITE FLOW DURATION CURVE FOR AVG. Q = 25 CFS) SITE FLOW DURATION CURVE FLOW (CFS) FLOW IN CFS % 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% EXCEEDANCE PERCENT EXCEEDANCE PERCENT Page 14

15 WE ARE ½ WAY THERE WHAT WAS NEEDED NEXT WAS A WAY TO PREDICT THE AVERAGE FLOW AT OUR UNGAGED RIVER LOCATIONS Page 15

16 WE USED SOME GIS BLACK MAGIC TO GET THE AVERAGE FLOWS Page 16

17 STARTING POINT WAS NORMAL ANNUAL PRECIPITATION (NAP) LINES from WERI Technical Report 102 By Guard and Lander As Modified by M. Lander Page 17

18 DEVELOPED NORMAL ANNUAL PRECIPITATION GRID FROM NAP LINES USING GIS EACH GRID SQUARE CONTAINS THE VALUE OF THE AVERAGE ANNUAL RAIN FALLING ON THAT SQUARE USED TOPO TO RASTER TOOL Page 18

19 IF WE COULD ADD UP ALL THE RAINFALL FALLING IN A WATERSHED TO A POINT IN A STREAM WE WOULD HAVE THE ANNUAL PRECIPITATION INPUT TO THAT POINT Page 19

20 POSSIBLE THROUGH THE BLACK- MAGIC OF GIS USING GIS HYDROLOGY TOOLS DEVELOPED DRAINAGE PATHWAYS FOR ALL OF THE STREAMS SUMMED UP THE AVERAGE ANNUAL RAINFALL FALLING IN THESE PATHWAYS RESULTS WERE AVERAGE ANNUAL PRECIPITATION INPUT TO THE STREAM Page 20

21 FIRST STEP WAS TO APPLY WATERSHED FUNCTIONS TO A DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL USING GIS HYDROLOGY TOOLS FILLED SINKS IN DATA GUAM LIDAR DATA CREATED A FLOW DIRECTION GRID CREATED A CELL ACCUMULATION GRID WHICH DEFINED THE STREAM PATHWAYS Page 21

22 COMBINED THE FLOW DIRECTION GRID WITH THE PRECIPITATION GRID USING GIS HYDROLOGY TOOLS CREATED A WEIGHTED ACCUMULATION GRID BY SUMMING AVERAGE PRECIPITATION IN THE STREAM PATHS Page 22

RESULTS WAS THE ANNUAL PRECIPITATION INPUT ALONG THE STREAM PATHWAYS PRECIP INPUT 59.

23 RESULTS WAS THE ANNUAL PRECIPITATION INPUT ALONG THE STREAM PATHWAYS PRECIP INPUT CFS-YR ALSO COMPUTED DRAINAGE AREAS ALONG ALL THE STREAMS NOTE: UNITS = AVERAGE ANNUAL FLOW IN CFS REQUIRED TO EQUAL THE POTENTIAL ANNUAL VOLUME OF RAINFALL FLOWING PAST THAT POINT IN ONE YEAR Page 23

24 COMPARED AVERAGE PRECIPITATION INPUT TO AVERAGE ANNUAL FLOW FROM GIS PRECIPITATION INPUT (CFS) AVERAGE FLOW (CFS) RUNOFF FACTOR DRAINAGE AREA (SQ. MILES) UMATAC IMONG PAGO YLIG FINILE INARAJAN TINAGO GUESS UGUM NR TALOFOFO AAAAAAAAAAAAAA FFFFFFFF RRRRRRRRRRRR FFFFFFFFFFFF = PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP IIIIIIIIII Page 24

25 DEVELOPED AN AVERAGE FLOW VS PRECIPITATION INPUT RELATIONSHIP 35 GUAM RIVERS PRECIPITATION INPUT VS AVERAGE FLOW DATA AVERAGE FLOW (CFS) AVERAGE FLOW (CFS) y = x R² = AVERAGE ANNUAL PRECIPITATION INPUT (CFS) AVERAGE ANNUAL PRECIPITATION INPUT (CFS) PRECIPITATION INPUT (CFS) AAAAAAAAAAAAAA FFFFFFFF = XX AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP RR 2 = Page 25

APPLIED THE GIS RASTER CALCULATOR TOOL TO COMPUTE AVERAGE FLOW AVERAGE FLOW 30.

26 APPLIED THE GIS RASTER CALCULATOR TOOL TO COMPUTE AVERAGE FLOW AVERAGE FLOW CFS AVERAGE FLOW COMPUTED FOR ALL POINTS ALONG ALL STREAMS AAAAAAAAAAAAAA FFFFFFFF = XX PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP IIIIIIIIII Page 26

27 USED RASTER CALCULATOR TOOL AGAIN TO COMPUTE FLOW DURATION VALUES ALONG THE STREAMS DURATION VALUES COMPUTED FOR ALL POINTS ALONG ALL STREAMS Page 27

28 FLOWS IDENTIFIED IN ALL STREAMS IN SOUTH GUAM Page 28

29 ROAD BRIDGE ISSUES ROAD FILL FILLED AREA ROAD FILL Page 29

30 ISSUES WITH GIS ACCUMULATION FUNCTION ELEVATION GRID FILE VERY LARGE THE ACCUMULATION FUNCTION WOULD NOT RUN TO COMPLETION WE RESAMPLED THE ELEVATION DATA GUAM LIDAR DATA 1M GRID 1.9 GB Page 30

31 SIMILAR STUDIES DONE FOR POHNPEI AND KOSRAE, FSM 2200 MILES ISLAND OF POHNPEI, FSM ISLAND OF KOSRAE, FSM Page 31

32 FOR MORE DETAILS SEE WERI TECHNICAL REPORTS Prediction of flow duration curves for use in hydropower analysis at ungaged sites in Pohnpei, FSM, Report #129, Prediction of flow duration curves for use in hydropower analysis at ungaged sites in Kosrae, FSM, Report #137, Prediction of Flow Duration Curves at Ungaged Sites on Guam Report #154, Page 32

GIS MAPS ON LINE DIGITAL ATLAS OF SOUTHERN GUAM http://south. hydroguam.

33 GIS MAPS ON LINE DIGITAL ATLAS OF SOUTHERN GUAM hydroguam.net/ Page 33

34 THANKS TO WERI and the USGS Water Institute Program that funded the project USGS Pacific Island Water Science center who with the support of WERI and the Government of Guam maintain the stream flow gaging net work in Guam Dr. Nathan Habana at WERI for keeping my ARCMAP GIS program updated and helping with the LIDAR Elevation Data All the Government of Guam Agencies who s forward thinking funded the development of the LIDAR Elevation data Page 34

35 THANKS FOR YOUR TIME QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS Page 35

StreamStats: Delivering Streamflow Information to the Public. By Kernell Ries

StreamStats: Delivering Streamflow Information to the Public By Kernell Ries U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey MD-DE-DC District 410-238-4317 kries@usgs.gov StreamStats Web Application