Part 1. Historical Developments and Contemporary Modalities of Interactions between Education and Territories... 1

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1 Contents Introduction... xiii Part 1. Historical Developments and Contemporary Modalities of Interactions between Education and Territories... 1 Introduction to Part Chapter 1. What Role Should Territories Play in Public Education Policies?... 5 Bruno GARNIER 1.1. Summary Introduction Can the policy of recognition be established in France? Globalization and national identity Territorialization of education policies Conclusion Bibliography Chapter 2. Heads of Schools: New Education Territory Interaction Drivers? Alain BOUVIER, Michel BOYER, Thierry EYMARD and Laurent RIEUTORT 2.1. Summary Introduction Territories and the educational system: renewed challenges The student at the center of a territorialized educational ecosystem Geographical change: from identity territory to network territory... 22

2 vi Evolutions of the Complex Relationship Between Education and Territories Seek coupling and collaboration among educational spaces A research-action project Knowledge based for co-construction within the territories Quebec experience: community school First step in collecting practices Territorial risk management: first points of view Which drivers? Being promoters of open, integrative and territorialized educational practices What actions? Address the challenge of success and build partnerships Which territories? At the heart of a new territoriality Conclusion Bibliography Chapter 3. Educational Success: A Multi-actor Project in a Learning Territory Approach Maryvonne DUSSAUX 3.1. Summary Introduction Educational success: responsibility of local actors An increasingly global and territorialized action Education at the heart of the territory project Networks of actors in the field of education Reformulation of social and educational action Toward a learning territory approach Conclusion Bibliography Chapter 4. Education For, Territories and Positions of Teachers: Rupture and Tension Jean-Marc LANGE 4.1. Summary Introduction School model and territories An inclusion for what purpose? Create a community to address development challenges Project modality Possible forms and desirable form Conclusion and perspectives: social responsibility of the school undertaken Bibliography... 72

3 Contents vii Chapter 5. Education for Sustainable Development and Territories: Toward a New Age of Educational Relationships with Territories in Agricultural Education? Christian PELTIER 5.1. Summary Introduction Structuring elements of the link with the territory in agricultural education Specificities enhancing opening to the territories An old anchorage and new perspectives A double difficulty: problematization and knowledge-tools The opportunity of the teach to produce differently strategic project An educational approach by territorialized integrative objects The concept of integrative object A didactic and territorial approach to integrative objects Knowledge at stake: cognitive and conceptual approach to territorialized integrative objects Issues posed by teaching activities on some territorialized integrative objects Badger Chicken breeding The vegetable garden Conclusion Bibliography Case Study 1. What Levers Exist for Preventing Orientation and Education Inequalities of Territorial Origin in Adult Training? Case of the Bio-construction Regional Vocational Training Center in the Southern Alps Valérie GUILLEMOT Part 2. Territories as Sources of Pedagogical Renewal Introduction to Part Chapter 6. Local Territory in French School Geography Christine VERGNOLLE MAINAR, Sophie GAUJAL and Caroline LEININGER-FREZAL 6.1. Summary Introduction Local setting in the teaching of geography: a variable place according to the eras and levels of education

4 viii Evolutions of the Complex Relationship Between Education and Territories th 20th Century: back and forth of the study of local setting in syllabuses st Century: the primacy of the local setting in primary school, introducing the local setting in secondary schools Relevance of the local setting in contemporary school geography: a challenge for teachers Inhabiting: an epistemologically vague term Difficulties in handling the local setting Studying the local setting: a vector to transform ordinary practices Conclusion Bibliography Chapter 7. When Territorial Commitment Gives Meaning to Professional Activity: Cases of Teachers in Rural Schools in France, Chile and Uruguay Catherine ROTHENBURGER 7.1. Summary Introduction Theoretical contributions Methodology Findings Search for the territory social recognition and learning: common bases of a territorial commitment Territorial commitment: what local issues and actions? Conclusion Bibliography Chapter 8. Relatedness with the Non-Human Environment and Motivation Systems: Keys to Include the Territory in Environmental Education Christian REYNAUD, Rouba REAIDI and Serge FRANC 8.1. Abstract Introduction A complex model of human motivations Relatedness between non-human environment and motivation Relatedness, sensitive approach to environmental education and motivation Conclusion Bibliography

5 Contents ix Chapter 9. Territory-Based Education in Elementary Schools: PNR Queyras-EN Projects Sylviane BLANC-MAXIMIN and Michel FLORO 9.1. Summary Introduction School territory relationships faced with different types of conflicts The concept of territory-based education Know-how favored by territory A cultural mediator aspect The territory via its local heritage: promoter of values? Territory-based education? Conditions for the integration of the school in its territory Case study: partnership territorial educative project in the Queyras valley Queyras and its writing tradition Methodology Results Acquisition of local know-how Unleashing the power of expression Ambitious pedagogic approach Civic values? Education on local heritage Making people responsible? Heritage: a risk of isolationism Conclusion Anchoring a mountain territory in primary school partnership projects A dynamic territory Which emancipation? The territory, a dynamic tool for education Bibliography Chapter 10. Sensitive Postcard of a Local Territory: Development and Issues Sophie GAUJAL Summary Introduction First stage (T1): an ordinary course that promotes reasoned geography Second stage (T2): generating spontaneous geography through a field trip

6 x Evolutions of the Complex Relationship Between Education and Territories Third stage (T3): articulating spontaneous geography and reasoned geography by the development of a sensitive postcard Fourth stage (T4): reformulations Overview Bibliography Case Study 2. Is the Rural Primary School a Hospitable School? Parents Point of View Benoit DEJAIFFE Part 3. Educational Policies and Territorial Education Inequalities Introduction to Part Chapter 11. The Rural School, a Polysemous Object with Significant Societal Challenges? Current Research Contexts and Positions Angela BARTHES and Yves ALPE Summary Introduction How the rural school became a research problem and subject The supposed deficiencies of the rural school and inappropriateness of educational policies Pedagogical and institutional responses to the supposed difficulties of rural students What research exists around the rural school problems? Current major research debates on rural schools The paradox of good rural academic results Can we still talk about the lack of ambition by rural students? Is there a territory effect on the educational performance and trajectories of rural students? Conclusion Bibliography Chapter 12. Relationships between Career Orientation and Territoriality: Elements of Theorization from Rural Mountain Areas Pierre CHAMPOLLION Summary Introduction: historical reviews related to the general theme: education and territory

7 Contents xi Key components of the conceptual framework Educational inequalities, academic inequalities, career orientation inequalities Territory and territoriality: two related composite concepts The case of rural mountain area schools The initial question Main characteristics of the rural mountain area school Current developments: toward a gradual deconstruction of the historical specificity of the rural mountain area school? Approaches to the relationships between career orientation and territoriality Historical background and societal challenges Career orientation in rural mountain areas Adapting the school to the local context Effects of territory? Conclusions: main achievements of the research, pending issues, thematic continuity and elaboration and avenues for research Main achievements of the research Pending issues Thematic continuity and elaboration Toward a theoretical reappraisal? By way of proper conclusion Bibliography Chapter 13. Toward Convergences between Rural and Urban? Comparative Analyses of Educational Contexts and Social Representations in CM Pierre CHAMPOLLION Summary Introduction Problem and current developments Corpus and methodology Corpus Methodology Findings and analyses Contexts (cultural and family) Territorial social representations (of surrounding and remote territories) Perceived behaviors, assessed-projected performances and orientation insertion projects

8 xii Evolutions of the Complex Relationship Between Education and Territories General overview of section Provisional findings and research avenues Bibliography Chapter 14. The Inadequacy of French Rural School Public Policies Yves ALPE and Angela BARTHES Summary Introduction Rural school contexts and recent research developments Age-old delay of the rural school and its poor image The reversal of trends from the 1990s: toward the observation of good academic performance of rural students What recent studies on the rural school apparently reveal: the end of rural student specificity? Rural students school projects are becoming less and less specific Rural students professional plans are no longer significantly marked by their territory of residence End of rural students attachment to their territory? End of rural students specificity and inadequacy of public education policies What the General Inspectorate s reports said about rural schools Territorialized educational policies in view of rural developments Conclusion Bibliography Case Study 3. Comparison of Rural and Urban Area Girls Career Orientation at the End of Troisième Boris MEUNIER Conclusion List of Authors Index