Making Interactive Map of South Korea s Ecomuseums with Assessment Criteria for Humane Information

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1 , pp Making Interactive Map of South Korea s Ecomuseums with Assessment Criteria for Humane Information Dong-uk Im 1, Jong Oh Lee 1 1 Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, 107 Imun-ro, Seoul, South Korea im.dong.uk@gmail.com, santon@hufs.ac.kr Abstract. Synchronic and diachronic data is used with the help of GIS, interactive map and visual effect. But it cannot be simultaneously loaded on paper map. Extra process is needed to handle intangible humane information like identity, memory and know-how, when making map of ecomuseums which dynamically preserve life zone and life style of inhabitants. To reflect the past(history) and present(situation) conditions of ecomuseums in Korea, classified into seven types, is possible in conventional ways. To predict the possibility of successful future, as seen from recent example of solidarity-type ecomuseum with multiple local governments, suitable assessment criteria for each ecomuseum is needed. Keywords: ecomuseum, Korea, GIS, interactive map, assessment criteria 1 Reflecting Humane Information on GIS Map Most decisions after human activities have geographic consequences. The cartography has been suggested as more precise tools and ways to understand and solve the geographic problems. Map, as a resulting product, depends on synchronic analysis method which records natural conditions and human activities occurring on specific time. The nature and humans shows various changes with the course of time, so we need also diachronic analysis method. GIS(geographic information system) helps understanding of geographical problems through including diachronic changes which cannot be all loaded on paper map. Longley(2011) classified three types geographical problems on the basis of time scale: operational(short-term), tactical(medium-term) and strategic(long-term). This kind of diachronic analysis produces successful solutions when combining with dynamic simulation modeling. But one thing has to be added: nonmaterial humane information. 'Regional identity', among them, is regarded as a core mental element of regional community and passes over existing limitation of geographical divisions. Rubenstein(2012) distinguished three types of region in human geography: functional region, formal region and perceptual region. Perceptual region is an area in which the habitants believe as a part of cultural identity. It can be comprehended through informal sentiment, while functional and formal region is analysed with quantitative calculation. The center point of perceptual region isn't set only by the influence of natural terrain or administrative infrastructure but also regardless of those ISSN: ASTL Copyright 2017 SERSC

2 elements. Two villages can be at feud in disregard of spatial proximity or share the homogeneity in spite of physical distance. Thus extra assessment criteria is needed when handling humane geographical information altered by topographical, administrative and cultural criteria, even when making map by connecting plural associated regions. The process of verifying and reflecting local identities has to be applied to building maps based on GIS. Interactive map, not paper map, is encouraged as the shape of result. Making map of Korean ecomuseums, which dynamically preserve traditional mode of life of the village inhabitants, is the representative example. This study is meant to discuss about assessment criteria of handling humane information used for modeling dynamic simulation based on GIS. 2 Current Situation of Ecomuseums in Korea Ecomuseum is a new concept of preserving the whole life zone and lifestyle of inhabitants, unlike conventional museum concept captured in a building. Rivard(1984) distinguished between traditional museum and ecomuseum as below: Traditional Museum = building + heritage + collections + expert staff + public visitors; Ecomuseum = territory + heritage + memory + population. Davis(2009) pointed that ecomuseum has been linked to the 'new museology', which has shown a concept shift from the 'museum of objects' to the 'museum of ideas'. The term 'ideas' means intangible resources that humans have: identity, memory, know-how, etc. After ecomuseum concept was once introduced in Korea, various attempts has continued all over the country. Ecomuseums in Korea now can be categorized into the following 7 types: (1) historic and cultural heritage; (2) industrial heritage; (3) theme park; (4) urban regeneration; (5) natural environment; (6) rural community; (7) art community. First is the 'historic and cultural heritage type'. Key examples include Yongin Folk Village and Andong Hahoe Village, Suncheon Naganeupseong Village Museum, Eunpyung Hanok Village, Hongseong Town, Ulsan Oegosan Onggi Village, Tongilchon Village, Jeonju Hanok Village. The second type focuses on 'industrial heritage'. Well known examples include Taebaek Cheoram Villageum project and Sinan Jeungdo Salt Village. The third type is 'theme park', which includes Yongin Folk Village, and Yeongju Classical Scholar Village, is a theme-park typed ecomuseum or in some ways an open air museum. 12 Copyright 2017 SERSC

3 Fourth is 'city regeneration' type. Some examples include Ihwa-dong Village Museum, Ikseondong Ecomuseum, Bukchon Hanok Village, Daejeon Village Museum, Samseon-dong Jangsu Village, Busan Gamcheon Town, Incheon Yonghyeondong Town Museum and Busan Soyoung Cultural Village. The fifth type is about 'natural environment'. Suncheon bay, Jeonnam Migratory Birds Protected Area, Paju DMZ Ecomuseum, Gapyeong Ecological Park, Changnyeong Upo Wetland Ecological Park, Chungju Judeok Ecological Park, Juwang Mountain National Park are this type. The sixth type is about 'rural community'. Included in this category are Jeju Gasiri Horse Museum, Wanju Community Business, Jinan Baekunmyeon Ecomuseum, Icheon Buramee Town, Hakseonri Village Museum, Samchuk Galnam Village Museum, Jinan Wonyunjang Village, Yeosu Dolsan Gat-kimchi Town, Wonobong Village Jeongeup, Nonsan Cheonho Village. Seventh is 'Art Community' type. The most well-known Paju Heiri Village, Icheon Sindunmyeon Pottery Workshop Areas, Jeju Island Artists Community, including an artists community in Naju. Nevertheless, ecomuseums have not always been so successful in Korea. Analysis of the failures show that there are largely 3 reasons that caused them to fail; (1) lack of understanding on the concept; (2) passive attitude of civil servants working in the region; (3) conflict amongst the residents over financial benefits. Hence Bae et als.(2016) has suggested development of 6 assessment criteria to evaluate Korea's own ecomuseum. (1) how much financial support is local community receiving from its superior agency? How economically self sufficient is it; (2) can it maintain its zone of life unaided without any direct connection with the central government? Are local residents in the area culturally self-sufficient; (3) in case the region cannot stand alone, is it trying to connect and cooperate with nearby local government? Are they making mutual efforts based on sustainable development; (4) if ancient housings are to be preserved, are residents clearly offered economic profits through a compensation system; (5) does private museums in the region interact with local people; (6) are ecomuseums of different regions attempting to connect? Within this criteria, we can find a consideration when making map of Korea s ecomuseums: describing current situation with natural terrain or administrative infrastructure is not enough. Thus two different tracks, both synchronic and diachronic approaches, and interactive map with dynamic simulation modeling are equally needed. Copyright 2017 SERSC 13

4 3 Considering Traits of Ecomuseums for Making Interactive Map Interactive map shows dynamic visual effects according to user's various demands. Dynamic simulation model with synchronic and diachronic approach is first needed for implementing this kind of map. This process can be arranged by three modules: past(history), present(situation) and future(solidarity). past(history) : describe the developing stages of Korea's ecomuseums present(situation) : show the location and character of ecomuseums scattered all over the country future(solidarity) : analyse the possibility of solidarity among adjacent ecomuseums with similar conditions Especially when implementing the third module of future(solidarity), intangible resources and humane information like identity, memory, know-how, etc., has to be handled as qualitative data. Because we have to distinguish between similarities and differences of certain ecomuseums, and also clearly differentiate improvement capable from features to conserve. It is rather easy to use conventional ways of making map, when reflecting past and present condition of ecomuseums. But to calculate the possibility of successful solidarity, it is encouraged to introduce the assessment criteria for Korea's ecomuseums as mentioned earlier. Fig. 1. Structure of interactive map for Korea s ecomuseum using synchronic and diachronic data Recently, new kind of ecomuseum with a large area began to appear in Korea. Representative example is Gyeonggi Bay Ecomuseum, in which three local governments, Ansan city, Hwaseong city and Shiheung city, solid arize with sharing historical, cultural and natural resources. Also Imsil district is creating Seomjingang River Ecomuseum connect Seomjin-gang river, length of 225km, and Okjeong-ho lake, surface of 763 km2. If this solidarity-type of ecomuseum could be the desirable future direction, it is equally encouraged to observe whole life zone and lifestyle of inhabitants, to reflect it 14 Copyright 2017 SERSC

5 on making departmental maps and also to apply the assessment criteria for analysing unique features of each ecomusem. Fig. 2. Gyeonggiman Bay Ecomuseum(above) and Seomjingang River Ecomuseum(below) as solidarity-type ecomuseums References 1. Bae, E.S., Im, D.-U., Lee, J.O,: The status and perspective of Korean ecomuseums, In: Forum of Ecomuseums and Community Museums, 24th General Conference of ICOM Milano (2016) 2. Davis, P.,: Ecomuseums and the representation of place, In: Rivista Geografica Italiana 116.4, pp (2009) 3. De Varine, H.,: L Ecomusée, In: La gazette : L Association des Musées Canadiens, vol. 11 no. 2, pp (1978) 4. Krygier, J., Wood, D.,: Making Maps: A Visual Guide to Map Design for GIS, 2nd ed., Guilford Press (2011) 5. Longley P. A. et als.,: Geographic Information Systems and Science, 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons (2005) 6. Rivard, R.: Que le musée s'ouvre... ou vers une nouvelle muséologie: les écomusées et les musées 'ouverts, Quebec (1984) 7. Rubenstein, J. et als.,: Introduction to Contemporary Geography, Pearson (2012) Copyright 2017 SERSC 15