Types of Compounds CHAPTER
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1 Reviewing Vocabulary Complete each statement. 1. The sulfate ion is an example of a(n) because it contains two different elements. 2. A(n) is one that contains two, and only two, elements. 3. CaSO 4 2H 2 O is a(n) because it always contains a fixed ratio of water molecules to calcium and sulfate ions. 4. A chemist can often use the process of to separate two liquids from each other.. The sodium ion (Na ) is said to have a(n) of 1 because that is the charge on a sodium ion. 6. A compound such as methane that contains carbon is generally classified as a(n). 7. Sodium carbonate is a(n) substance because it takes on water molecules, to which it becomes chemically bonded. 8. Oxygen and ozone are, or different forms of the same element. 9. When copper sulfate pentahydrate is heated, water is driven off, leaving behind copper sulfate. 10. Methane and propane are examples of because they contain only carbon and hydrogen. 11. If left outside on a table long enough, a(n) substance, such as calcium chloride, will take on enough water to form a liquid solution. 12. In the compound Al 2 O 3, the simplest ratio of atoms in the compound, called the, is two atoms of aluminum to three atoms of oxygen. 13. A(n) is one in which atoms are held together by covalent rather than ionic bonds. 14. In general, compounds that do not contain carbon are classified as. Chemistry: Concepts and Applications, Chapter 29
2 Understanding Concepts Part A In the space at the left, write the letter of the word or phrase that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. A substance will conduct an electric current if it. a. is wet c. is covalent b. forms ions in solution d. consists of ions in the dry state 2. Which of the following is the correct chemical formula for a formula unit of aluminum bromide? a. AlBr 3 c. Al 3 Br 9 b. Al 2 Br 6 d. Al 4 Br Based on its position in the periodic table, the most likely charge of an iodide ion is. a. 1 c. 2 b. 1 d Which of the following formulas is incorrect? a. Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 c. Ca(OH) 2 b. AlOH 3 d. (NH 4 ) 2 S. The correct name for Fe 2 S 3 is. a. iron(iii) sulfide c. iron(ii) sulfide b. iron sulfide d. iron(i) sulfide 6. Which of the following compounds can be used as a drying agent? a. CuSO 4 H 2 O c. calcium chloride dihydrate b. hygroscopic alum d. the dihydrate of calcium sulfate 7. In order to separate two liquids from each other by distillation, they must. a. evaporate at the same c. both be molecular substances temperature b. evaporate at different d. both be inorganic compounds temperatures 30 Chemistry: Concepts and Applications, Chapter
3 Understanding Concepts Part B Write the formula and the name for the compound formed when the following atoms or groups of atoms combine with each other. 1. sodium and oxygen 2. aluminum and fluorine 3. magnesium and phosphorus 4. calcium and sulfate. ammonium and nitrate 6. aluminum and carbonate 7. copper (2 ) and acetate 8. iron (3 ) and sulfate 9. sulfur (6 ) and oxygen 10. silicon and phosphorus 11. When the dihydrate of calcium chloride is heated gently, it loses one molecule of water of hydration. Write the formulas for the initial and final compounds in this change. Initial: ; Final: 12. When copper sulfate is used as a desiccant, it takes on five molecules of water of hydration. Write the formulas for the initial and final compounds in this change. Initial: ; Final: 13. Write the formulas for sodium sulfate decahydrate and its anhydrous form. Hydrate: ; Anhydrous form: 14. Write the name and formula of any binary acid. Acid: 1. Write the name and formula of any base that contains sodium. Base: Chemistry: Concepts and Applications, Chapter 31
4 Thinking Critically The compounds listed below are all somewhat different from the kinds of compounds you have studied in this chapter. Explain how each compound is different and write the formula for the compound. 1. sodium hydride 2. xenon hexafluoride 3. bromine heptafluoride 4. sodium aluminum sulfate. calcium sulfate hemihydrate (Hint: hemi- means half ) 6. dihydrogen difluoride 32 Chemistry: Concepts and Applications, Chapter
5 Interpreting Data and Lab Skills The diagram shows the way two colorless liquids with different boiling points can be separated from each other by means of distillation. Answer the following questions about this diagram. Thermometer Clamp Condenser Clamp To sink From faucet Receiving flask 1. In the first few minutes after the burner is turned on, what change do you expect to see in the thermometer reading? Why? 2. Which of the two liquids in the flask will begin to boil first? 3. Describe the movement of water as it flows through the condenser. 4. What is the purpose of the water in the condenser?. Which liquid first begins falling from the condenser into the receiving flask? 6. Under what circumstances might this procedure not be satisfactory for separating two liquids from each other? Chemistry: Concepts and Applications, Chapter 33
6 Performance Assessment Tom Lehrer was an entertainer and professor of mathematics at Harvard University in the 190s when he wrote a tune called Song of the Elements. This song contained the names of all 100 chemical elements known at the time, set to the music of I Am the Very Model of a Modern Major-General from the Gilbert and Sullivan operetta Pirates of Penzance. From what you have learned in this chapter, write the lyrics for a song that summarizes the rules for naming chemical compounds. You can either use the melody of a familiar popular song or write your own music for the lyrics that you create. You may choose to work with another student or with a group of students on this project. Then perform the song for the class. 34 Chemistry: Concepts and Applications, Chapter
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