AA-ANSIBIFMA-Jun2408, Page 1 of 16

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1 AA-ANSIBIFMA-Jun2408, Page 1 of 16 BERKELEY ANALYTICAL ASSOCIATES, LLC 815 Harbour Way South, Suite 6 Richmond, CA Ph ; Fax baalab@berkeleyanalytical.com VOC Emissions from Seating, ANSI/BIFMA-M Emission Test Results Page 1; Customer & Product Sample Information Report Certification Report number AA-ANSIBIFMA-Jun2408 Report date June 24, 2008 Certified by (Name/Title)... Alfred T. Hodgson, Research Director Signature Date... June 24, 2008 Customer Information Manufacturer or organization.... David Edward City/State/Country... Baltimore, MD, USA Contact name/title... Gregory Pitts, Partner Phone number Product Sample Information* Product name / Number Serengeti Lounge Product category/subcategory... Office Furniture (12510) Lounge Chair Customer sample ID SO Date sample manufactured... April 24, 2008 Date sample collected... May 7, 2008 Date sample shipped... May 7, 2008 Date sample received by lab... May 12, 2008 Condition of received sample.. No problems indicated Lab sample tracking number AA Test start date and duration... June 2, 2008; 7 days (168 hours) *Chain-of-custody (COC) form for product sample is attached to this report

2 AA-ANSIBIFMA-Jun2408, Page 2 of 16 Page 2; Summary of Emission Test Results VOC Emission Test results, IAQ Acceptance Criteria #1 The pass/fail results of the test with respect to IAQ Acceptance Criteria #1 are summarized in Table 1. These results are based on predicted VOC concentrations at 168 hour in workstation air for one seating unit and the acceptance criteria for seating (Table 5). Table 1. Pass/Fail results based on test method and modeling parameters in ANSI/BIFMA M and acceptance criteria for seating in ANSI/BIFMA X and in LEED CI EQ Credit 4.5; Low- Emitting Materials, Systems Furniture and Seating Chemical/Chemical Group TVOC Formaldehyde Total Aldehydes 4-Phenylcyclohexene (4-PCH) Predicted Workstation Conc Seating Pass Pass Pass Pass Summary The test results are in compliance with the requirements of LEED CI EQ Credit 4.5, Low- Emitting Materials, Systems Furniture and Seating, Option C. Calculated indoor air concentrations of VOCs are less than or equal to those established for furniture systems and seating determined by a procedure based on the BIFMA M and X testing protocols conducted by an independent air quality testing laboratory. Note that the ANSI/BIFMA M and X methods utilized herein are updated and ANSI approved versions of the 2005 protocols cited in LEED CI. VOC Emission Test results, IAQ Acceptance Criteria #2 The pass/fail results of the test with respect to IAQ Acceptance Criteria #2 are summarized in Table 2. These results are based on predicted VOC concentrations at 336 hour in workstation air for two identical seating units and one half the noncancer Chronic Reference Exposure Levels (CRELs) established by California OEHHA for a list of toxic chemicals, with two exceptions. For formaldehyde, the guideline concentration is one-half the indoor REL of 33 µg/m 3, i.e., 16.5 µg/m 3 ; for acetaldehyde the guideline concentration is the full CREL, i.e., 9 µg/m 3. Table 2. Pass/Fail results based on test method and modeling parameters in ANSI/BIFMA M assuming two chairs per workstation and one-half CREL concentration limits. Only detected VOCs with CRELs are listed Chemical CAS No ½ CREL (µg/m 3 ) Predicted Workstation Conc Formaldehyde * Pass Acetaldehyde * Pass Phenol Pass *See guidelines for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde described above

3 AA-ANSIBIFMA-Jun2408, Page 3 of 16 Page 3; Test Method for Seating Test Sample Description The tested product consisted of a wood framed lounge chair with wood arms and fabric covered seat and back. The chair was unpacked from its factory shipping container, placed inside a mid-scale chamber so that the feet were on the floor, and tested without modification. A photograph of the tested product in the chamber is shown in Appendix A. The test results presented herein are specific to this item. Test Protocol Summary The emission test was performed following ANSI/BIFMA M , Standard Test Method for Determining VOC Emissions from Office Furniture Systems, Components and Seating. The product sample was placed directly into the chamber and maintained at controlled conditions for 7 days (168 h). The chamber conditions for the test period are summarized in Table 3. Air samples were collected from the chamber prior to the test (background or 0 h) and at 72 h and 168 h after initiating the test. The 72-h and 168-h samples were collected in duplicate. Samples for the analysis of individual VOCs and TVOC were collected on multisorbent tubes containing Tenax-TA backed by a carbonaceous sorbent at a flow rate of 0.10 L min -1 for 60 min. Samples for the analysis of low molecular weight aldehydes were collected on XPoSure Aldehyde Samplers (Waters Corp.) at a flow rate of 1.0 L min -1 for 60 min. Sampling flow rates were regulated with electronic mass flow controllers. VOC samples were analyzed by thermal desorption GC/MS. TVOC was calculated using toluene as the calibration reference. Individual VOCs (ivocs) were quantified using multi-point (4 or more points) calibration curves prepared with pure standards, unless otherwise noted. Individual VOCs without pure standards were quantified based on their total-ion-current responses using toluene as the calibration reference. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were analyzed by HPLC and quantified using multi-point (4 or more points) calibration curves prepared with the DNPH derivatives of these compounds. Total aldehydes were calculated as the sum of the ppb concentrations of individual aldehydes determined by HPLC and GC/MS. The operating conditions for the analytical instruments are described in Appendix B to this report. Availability of Data All data, including but not limited to raw instrument files, calibration files, and quality control checks used to generate the test results will be made available to the customer upon request. Table 3. Chamber conditions for test period Parameter Symbol Units Value Number of seating units N 1 Chamber volume V C m Inlet gas flow rate Q C m 3 /h 6.12 Ventilation rate a C h ± 0.03 Avg Temperature & Range o C 22.7 (22-24) Avg Relative humidity & Range % 50 (45-55) Chamber Pressure Pa 10 Duration h 168

4 AA-ANSIBIFMA-Jun2408, Page 4 of 16 Page 4; Modeling Parameters for Seating Modeling Parameters ANSI/BIFMA M describes the modeling parameters for estimating the impact of VOC emissions from open-plan panel-based, open plan standard, and private office freestanding systems furniture on indoor VOC concentrations in an office workstation environment. The parameters for components of open-plan panel-based and private office freestanding systems furniture (i.e., panel, work surface, and storage) are presented in Table 4. For seating, ANSI/BIFMA M assumes one seating unit and an outdoor air flow rate that is the average for open-plan and private office workstations, i.e., 24.8 m 3 /h. Table 4. Parameters used for estimating workstation air concentrations for open-plan panel-based and private office, freestanding systems furniture and seating (ANSI/BIFMA, M ) Parameter Symbol Units Open-plan Panel-based Private Office Freestanding Floor area per workstation A WS m Ceiling height H WS m Workstation volume V WS m Outdoor air (OA) flow rate Q WS m 3 /h OA flow rate for seating Q WS m 3 /h 24.8* Component surface areas Panel A P m Worksurface A WS m Storage A S m Time point of interest -- hours *One seating unit; outdoor air flow rate is the average for open-plan and private office workstations

5 AA-ANSIBIFMA-Jun2408, Page 5 of 16 Page 5; Acceptance Criteria for Seating IAQ Acceptance Criteria #1 The criteria for assessing the acceptability of the emissions of VOCs from office furniture systems and seating are given in ANSI/BIFMA X , Standard for Formaldehyde and TVOC Emissions of Low-emitting Office Furniture Systems and Seating. The time point of interest is 168 h. These criteria are reproduced below as Table 5. The same criteria are used by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) in Green Building Rating System for Commercial Interiors, (LEED CI Version 2, December 2005) EQ Credit 4.5 Low Emitting Materials, Systems Furniture and Seating. Table 5. Maximum acceptable IAQ limits of indoor air concentrations at 168 hours due to emissions from systems furniture and seating (ANSI/BIFMA, X ). 1 mg/m 3 = 1,000 µg/m 3 Chemical/Chemical Group Workstation Systems (all configuration types) Seating TVOC 0.5 mg/m 3 (500 µg/m 3 ) 0.25 mg/m 3 (250 µg/m 3 ) Formaldehyde 50 parts per billion 25 parts per billion Total Aldehydes 100 parts per billion 50 parts per billion 4-Phenylcyclohexene (4-PCH) mg/m 3 (6.5 µg/m 3 ) mg/m 3 (3.25 µg/m 3 ) IAQ Acceptance Criteria #2 Additional criteria for assessing the acceptability of the emissions of VOCs from office furniture systems are defined by the California Department of General Services, Procurement Division, Request for Proposal for Open Office Panel Systems, RFP DGS-56275, March 3, Table of the RFP lists maximum allowable ivoc concentration limits for 32 compounds at 336 h. This list is reproduced as Appendix C. The criteria are one half the noncancer Chronic Reference Exposure Levels (CRELs) established by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) for a list of toxic chemicals, with three exceptions. For formaldehyde, the guideline concentration is one-half the indoor REL of 33 µg/m 3, i.e., 16.5 µg/m 3 ; for acetaldehyde the guideline concentration is the full CREL, i.e., 9 µg/m 3 ; and, a limit of 160 µg/ m 3 has been established for 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, a compound currently without a CREL value. Note that RFP DGS does not address seating. Scientific Certification Systems, Inc. has established the same criteria for assessing the acceptability of the emissions of VOCs from office furniture systems and seating for its Indoor Advantage Gold program for furniture with the exception that 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone is not included as a chemical that can lead to a pass/fail result. For Indoor Advantage Gold, it is assumed that two identical seating units are in the space. Thus, the air flow rate per seating unit is 12.4 m 3 /h.

6 AA-ANSIBIFMA-Jun2408, Page 6 of 16 Page 6; VOC Emission Test Results Chamber Background Concentrations Background concentrations measured at time zero are reported in Table 6. The background concentrations of TVOC, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, 4-phenylcyclohexene, and any reported ivocs are listed. Table 6. Chamber background VOC concentrations at time zero Chemical/Chemical Group TVOC CAS No Chamber Conc (µg/m 3 ) Formaldehyde LQ Acetaldehyde LQ 4-Phenylcyclohexene LQ Other reported ivocs (none) LQ LQ Emitted VOCs VOCs detected in the test above lower limits of quantitation are reported in Table 7. ivocs with chronic RELs and/or on other lists of toxicants of concern are listed first, followed by unlisted abundant chemicals. The 10 most abundant ivocs are listed if their concentrations were above the lower limits of quantitation. Reporting of fewer than 10 ivocs indicates that fewer than 10 chemicals met this requirement. Table 7. VOCs detected above lower limits of quantitation in air samples at 72 and/or 168 hours Chemical CAS No Surrogate?* CREL (µg/m 3 ) CARB TAC Category Prop 65 List? Formaldehyde T-IIa Yes Acetaldehyde T-IIa Yes Phenol T-IIa 2-Butoxyethanol T-IIa Di(ethylene glycol)butyl ether T-IIa Hexanal Acetic acid Yes Propylene carbonate Yes Tripropylene glycol isomer Yes Tripropylene glycol isomer Yes * Yes response indicates ivoc quantified using toluene as the calibration reference; all other ivocs quantified using pure standards

7 AA-ANSIBIFMA-Jun2408, Page 7 of 16 Page 7; VOC Emission Test Results, Continued Table 8. Measured chamber concentrations, IAQ Acceptance Criteria #1. All detected aldehydes are listed individually Chemical/Chemical Group CAS No Chamber Conc #1 72-hour Air Samples (µg/m 3 ) 168- hour Air Samples (µg/m 3 ) Chamber Average Rel Diff Chamber Chamber Average Conc #2 Conc % Conc #1 Conc #2 Conc TVOC * Formaldehyde Acetaldehyde Hexanal <5 <5 <5 na 4-Phenylcyclohexene <1 <1 <1 na <1 <1 <1 na *Relative difference between samples #1 and #2 exceeds 15% Rel Dev %

8 AA-ANSIBIFMA-Jun2408, Page 8 of 16 Page 8; VOC Emission Test Results, Continued Table 9. Measured chamber concentrations of ivocs, IAQ Acceptance Criteria #2. See Table 7 for additional information regarding ivocs Chemical CAS No Chamber Conc #1 72-hour Air Samples (µg/m 3 ) 168- hour Air Samples (µg/m 3 ) Chamber Average Rel Diff Chamber Chamber Average Conc #2 Conc % Conc #1 Conc #2 Conc Formaldehyde Acetaldehyde Phenol Butoxyethanol * Di(ethylene glycol)butyl ether ** * Hexanal <5 <5 <5 na Acetic acid * Propylene carbonate <5 <5 <5 na Tripropylene glycol isomer * Tripropylene glycol isomer * *Relative difference between samples #1 and #2 exceeds 15% **Relative difference between samples #1 and #2 exceeds 45% Rel Dev %

9 AA-ANSIBIFMA-Jun2408, Page 9 of 16 Page 9; VOC Emission Test Results, Continued Table 10. Calculated emission factors (EFs), IAQ Acceptance Criteria #1 EF (µg/unit-h) Power Law Model* Chemical/Chemical Group CAS No 72 h 168 h Coef a Coef b TVOC -- 1, Formaldehyde Acetaldehyde Hexanal <31 na na 4-Phenylcyclohexene <6 <6 na na *Calculated by Equations 8 10, ANSI/BIFMA M Table 11. Calculated emission factors (EFs), IAQ Acceptance Criteria #2 EF (µg/unit-h) Power Law Model* Chemical CAS No 72 h 168 h Coef a Coef b Formaldehyde Acetaldehyde Phenol Butoxyethanol Di(ethylene glycol)butyl ether Hexanal <31 na na Acetic acid Propylene carbonate <31 na na Tripropylene glycol isomer Tripropylene glycol isomer *Calculated by Equations 8 10, ANSI/BIFMA M

10 AA-ANSIBIFMA-Jun2408, Page 10 of 16 Page 10; VOC Emission Test Results, Continued Table 12. Estimated contributions of tested seating product to standard workstation air concentrations, IAQ Acceptance Criteria #1. Estimated values of chemicals of concern at 168 hour are indicated in bold text Estimated Conc (µg/m 3 )* Estimated Conc (ppb)* Chemical/Chemical Group CAS No 72 h 168 h 72 h 168 h TVOC Formaldehyde Total aldehydes** Phenylcyclohexene LQ LQ *Calculated by Equation 15 (t = 72 & 168 h), ANSI/BIFMA M for one seating unit with 24.8 m 3 /h clean outdoor air flow rate, 23 o C and 50% RH **Sum of the individual aldehyde concentrations measured in ppb

11 AA-ANSIBIFMA-Jun2408, Page 11 of 16 Page 11; VOC Emission Test Results, Continued Table 13. Estimated contributions of tested seating product to standard workstation air concentrations, IAQ Acceptance Criteria #2. Two identical seating units are assumed to be in the space. Projected values of chemicals of concern at 336 hour are indicated in bold text Projected Conc Estimated Conc (µg/m 3 )* (µg/m 3 )** Chemical CAS No 72 h 168 h 336 h Formaldehyde Acetaldehyde Phenol Butoxyethanol Di(ethylene glycol)butyl ether Hexanal LQ LQ Acetic acid Propylene carbonate LQ LQ Tripropylene glycol isomer Tripropylene glycol isomer *Calculated by Equation 15 (t = 72 & 168 h), ANSI/BIFMA M for two seating units with 24.8 m 3 /h clean outdoor air flow rate (i.e., 12.4 m 3 /h per seating unit), 23 o C and 50% RH **Projected by Equations 8 & 15 (t = 336 h), ANSI/BIFMA M for same scenario If power law coefficient 0.25<b<0.25 (Table 11), then 336-h value is projected by Equation 11, ANSI/BIFMA M

12 AA-ANSIBIFMA-Jun2408, Page 12 of 16 Table 14. Definitions of parameters Parameter/Value Page 12, Definitions & Equations Definition CAS No. Chemical Abstract Service identification number Chamber Conc. Measured chamber VOC concentration at time point minus any analytical blank or background concentration for empty chamber measured immediately prior to test. Values for duplicate samples are averaged. Lower limit of quantitation (LQ) for listed individual VOCs is 2 µg/m 3 ; lower reporting limit for non-listed VOCs is 5 µg/m 3 Emission Factor Mass of compound emitted per unit area per hour (calculation shown below). Reporting limits for emission factors are established by LQ or reporting limit for chamber concentration and number of units tested Formaldehyde & acetaldehyde Volatile aldehydes quantified by HPLC following ASTM Method D LQ for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde is 1 µg/m 3 Individual VOCs Quantified by thermal desorption GC/MS following EPA Methods TO-1 and TO-17. Compounds quantified using multi-point calibrations prepared with pure chemicals unless otherwise indicated. VOCs with chronic RELs are listed first, followed by other TAC and Prop. 65 compounds. Additional abundant VOCs at or above reporting limit of 5 µg/m 3 are listed last LQ Indicates calculated value is below its lower limit of quantitation na Not applicable Total aldehydes Sum of the parts-per-billion concentrations of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde determined by HPLC and all other individual aldehydes determined by GC/MS TVOC Total Volatile Organic Compounds eluting over retention time range bounded by n-hexane and n-hexadecane and quantified by GC/MS TIC method using toluene as calibration reference. LQ for TVOC is 10 µg/m 3 WS Workstation < Less than value established by LQ Equations Used in Calculations An emission factor (EF) in µg/unit-h for a chemical in a chamber test of a seating unit is calculated using Equation 1: EF = (Q (C - C o )) / N (1) where Q is the chamber inlet air flow rate (m 3 /h), C is the VOC chamber concentration (µg/m 3 ), and C o is the corresponding chamber background VOC concentration (µg/m 3 ). N is the number of seating units. A workstation air concentration (C WS ) in µg m -3 is estimated using Equation 2 and parameters defined in Table 4: C WS = (EF * N) / Q WS (2)

13 AA-ANSIBIFMA-Jun2408, Page 13 of 16 Page 13, Equations Continued & Comments A workstation air concentration in ppb (molar basis) for an individual VOC is calculated from the workstation air concentration in µg m -3 using Equation 4: Workstation concentration (ppb) = C WS x / MW (4) where MW is the molecular weight (molar mass) of the respective compound in grams/mol and 24.45, in L/mol, is the molar volume of air at standard conditions (1 atm pressure, 25 o C). Comments: Test started 39 days after manufacturing date. ANSI/BIFMA M specifies maximum of 25 days between manufacturing and start of test. END OF REPORT

14 AA-ANSIBIFMA-Jun2408, Page 14 of 16 Report Information Report number... BERKELEY ANALYTICAL ASSOCIATES, LLC 815 Harbour Way South, Suite 6 Richmond, CA Appendix A Photograph of Tested Product in Chamber Report date June 24, 2008 Product name / Number... Laboratory sample tracking No AA-ANSIBIFMA-Jun Serengeti Lounge AA

15 AA-ANSIBIFMA-Jun2408, Page 15 of 16 BERKELEY ANALYTICAL ASSOCIATES, LLC 815 Harbour Way South, Suite 6 Richmond, CA Appendix B Analytical Instruments & Operating Parameters Table A1. Description of analytical instrument components Component HPLC Analytical column Column dimensions Thermal desorber Gas chromatograph Analytical column Column dimensions Mass spectrometer Description Model 1050, UV-VIS detector, Hewlett-Packard Symmetry C18, Waters Corp. 2.1 mm x 150 mm Unity / UltrA TD, Markes International, Ltd. Model 6890N, Agilent DB-1701, J&W Scientific 1 µm film, 0.25 mm ID, 30 m Model 5973N MSD, Agilent Table A2. HPLC operating parameters for analysis of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde Parameter Solvent A Solvent B Flow rate End time Detector wavelength Value 65/35% H 2 O/Acetonitrile 100% Acetonitrile 0.3 ml/min 17 min 360 nm Table A3. Thermal desorption GC/MS parameters used for analysis of ivocs and TVOC Parameter Value Thermal desorption Tube desorb temperature 285 o C Trap temperature -6 o C Trap desorb temperature 300 o C Trap desorb split ratio 2:1 Gas chromatograph Initial temperature 1 o C Initial temperature time 6.5 min Temperature ramp rate 1 5 o C /min Final temperature o C Temperature ramp rate 2 12 o C /min Final temperature o C Final temperature 2 time 2 min Mass spectrometer Low scan mass, m/z 30 amu High scan mass, m/z 450 amu Scan rate 0.5 Hz

16 AA-ANSIBIFMA-Jun2408, Page 16 of 16 BERKELEY ANALYTICAL ASSOCIATES, LLC 815 Harbour Way South, Suite 6 Richmond, CA Appendix C State of California Maximum Allowable ivoc Concentration Limits at 336 Hours * Compound Name CAS No MW CREL? Allowable Conc* (µg/m 3 ) Ethylbenzene Y 1000 Styrene Y 450 p-xylene Y 350 1,4-Dichlorobenzene Y 400 Epichlorohydrin Y 1.5 Ethylene glycol Y Methoxy-2-propanol Y 3500 Vinyl acetate Y 100 m-xylene Y 350 Toluene Y 150 Chlorobenzene Y 500 Phenol Y Methoxyethanol Y 30 Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether Y 45 acetate n-hexane Y Ethoxyethanol Y 35 2-Ethoxyethyl acetate Y 150 1,4-Dioxane Y 1500 Tetrachloroethylene Y 17.5 Formaldehyde Y 16.5 Isopropanol Y 3500 Chloroform Y 150 N,N-Dimethylformamide Y 40 Benzene Y 30 1,1,1-Trichloroethane Y 500 Acetaldehyde Y 9 Methylene chloride Y 200 Carbon disulfide Y 400 Trichloroethylene Y Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone N 160 Naphthalene Y 4.5 o-xylene Y 350 *Reproduced from RFP DGS-56275, dated March 3, 2008