Quick Selection Guide to Chemical Protective Clothing Fourth Edition A JOHN WILEY & SONS PUBLICATION

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1 Quick Selection Guide to Chemical Protective Clothing Fourth Edition Krister Forsberg Lidingo, Sweden S.Z. Mansdorf Paris, France A JOHN WILEY & SONS PUBLICATION

3 Quick Selection Guide to Chemical Protective Clothing Fourth Edition

5 Quick Selection Guide to Chemical Protective Clothing Fourth Edition Krister Forsberg Lidingo, Sweden S.Z. Mansdorf Paris, France A JOHN WILEY & SONS PUBLICATION

6 This guide contains a compilation of chemical resistance data from a variety of published and unpublished sources collected by the authors. No attempt has been made to ensure the validity of the data as presented. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. assumes no responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the recommendations. Users of this guide are cautioned to consult a qualified industrial hygienist or other qualified professional before implementing the recommendations from this guide. Copyright 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, , fax , or on the web at Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) , fax (201) , permreq@wiley.com. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. For general information on our other products and services please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at , outside the U.S. at or fax Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print, however, may not be available in electronic format. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Forsberg, Krister, 1943 Quick selection guide to chemical protective clothing / Krister Forsberg, S.Z. Mansdorf. 4th ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN (cloth) 1. Chemical engineering Safety measures. 2. Protective clothing. I. Mansdorf, S.Z. (Seymour Zack), 1947 II. Title. TP149.F dc Printed in the United States of America

7 Important Instructions This guidebook contains information on hazardous chemicals and recommendations for the selection of chemical protective clothing materials based on published and unpublished scientific test data. NO attempt has been made to ensure either the accuracy or precision of these compiled data. The guide also does not take into consideration the intended use or physical demands (resistance to tear, puncture resistance, etc.) of the chemical protective clothing. These factors are critical in the selection process. ALL selections based on this guide MUST be reviewed by a person competent in the selection of chemical protective clothing, such as a certified industrial hygienist or a certified safety professional with training in this area. v

8 Contents Preface vii Acknowledgments viii Section I Introduction 1 Rational for Selecting Chemical Protective Clothing 2 How to Use This Guide 4 Section II Selection and Use of Chemical Protective Clothing 7 Introduction to Some Important Terms 7 Selection and Use of Protective Clothing 9 Twelve Important Considerations for the Selection and Use of Protective Clothing 15 Section III Chemical Index 17 Chemical Class Numbers 17 Chemical Names 18 Synonyms 18 Chemical Abstract Service Number (CAS #) 18 Risk Code 18 Chemical Warfare Agents 19 Special Notes 20 Chemical Index Listings 21 Section IV Selection Recommendations 53 Barriers 53 Color Codes 54 Important Notes and Warnings 55 Selection Recommendation Tables 57 Section V Glossary 117 Section VI Standards for Chemical Protective Clothing 131 Section VII Manufacturers of Chemical Protective Clothing 137 vi

9 Preface The fourth edition of the Quick Selection Guide to Chemical Protective Clothing has been revised significantly, including 100 new chemicals and approximately 1000 more selection recommendations compared to the previous edition. The increased number of chemicals has also resulted in creation of several new chemical classes. The chemical index now includes 700 chemicals, additional synonyms, CAS numbers, risk codes and special notations to alert the user, to those chemicals which may be of most concern for worker protection. A change in the Chemical Index is classifications of chemicals into two different functional groups, where appropriate. A subsection of Chemical Warfare Agents has also been included in this edition. The color-coded tables of recommendations containing 16 representative protective clothing materials have been updated by replacing two of the barriers with the Viton/Butyl and PE/PA/PE laminates. We believe these barrier listings now include a wider range of gloves, boots, and suits on the market. The selection recommendations are now organized in 90 chemical classes plus a designated chemical class on Chemical Warfare Agents. Other changes include an expanded glossary, updated list of standards for chemical protective clothing, and updated information on manufacturers. The section on manufacturers has also been improved to include information on the specific type of barrier material used in their products, and includes registered trade names and web addresses for easy access to information. It is hoped by the authors that this revised edition will receive the same enthusiastic response as the prior editions in assisting supervisors, industrial hygiene and safety professionals, and others who select or use personal protective clothing for control of chemical exposures to protect workers using the last line of defense. Hazardous materials spill responders and other emergency response personnel should find this guide especially useful. Krister Forsberg and S.Z. Mansdorf vii

10 Acknowledgments The authors acknowledge Ms. Brenda Hinds Pool, MSPA, CIH, Georgia State University in Atlanta, Georgia, and Mr. Norman Henry III, CIH, DuPont Company, Stine Haskell Research Center in Newark, Delaware, for their contribution in reviewing this latest edition. We also thank the manufacturers of the chemical protective clothing for providing us with test reports and technical assistance. viii

11 SECTION I Introduction The intent of the Quick Selection Guide to Chemical Protective Clothing is to assist workers, supervisors, safety and health professionals, spill responders, industrial hygienists, and others in the initial selection of protective clothing materials against specific chemical challenges on the job. This is accomplished by use of the color-coded tables that summarize the chemical breakthrough performance of 16 common barrier materials against 700 chemicals organized in 90 chemical classes. This guide is only a summary of data and should not be the sole basis for the final selection of the chemical protective clothing. More complete and comprehensive information of tested products and test reports are contained in the following publications: Performance Data Krister Forsberg s Instant Gloves CPC Database for Windows, (1999), 9th edition includes data from 11,000 chemical permeation and 3,000 degradation tests. Instant Reference Sources, Inc. 890 Providence Club Dr., Monroe, GA USA. Chemical Protective Clothing Performance Index by Krister Forsberg and Lawrence H. Keith, 2nd edition (1999), John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Visit the Chemical Protective Clothing Site ( for access to the 1

12 publisher of performance data publications or manufacturers sites via the Internet. The Chemical Protective Clothing Site also announces updates of publications or other information of significant interest. As noted in the preface, it is important to contact the manufacturers for the latest test results (see Section VII). The Quick Selection Guide to Chemical Protective Clothing also provides users with knowledge about the permeation process and other factors that adversely affect protective clothing. In addition, this Guide also contains a discussion on the selection and use of protective clothing. Finally, a glossary of terms common to chemical protective clothing and related health and safety terminology and a section on relevant standards for chemical protective clothing has been included to assist the users of the Guide. Rational for Selecting Chemical Protective Clothing All chemicals, including water and table salt, present some level of risk to workers. In large part, this level of risk is determined by the amount of the chemical that is inhaled, absorbed, ingested, injected, or otherwise contacts or enters the body (the dose) and the inherent toxicity of the chemical. Inhalation hazards have traditionally been of greatest concern; however, dermal (skin) hazards are much more common. There are many types and degrees of dermal hazard. Chemicals that can damage the skin (i.e., corrosives), cause a reaction (i.e., sensitizers and irritants), or produce toxicity by permeation through the skin present dermal hazards. The purpose of chemical protective clothing is the prevention of contact with chemicals potentially hazardous to the skin, thus lowering the risk of injury or illness. Chemical protective clothing ranges in complexity from simple finger cots to fully encapsulating gas-tight suits. Although a wide variety of well-designed and constructed products are available, research has shown that toxic chemicals can easily pass through or damage some of these clothing materials and have direct contact with the skin and/or be absorbed into the blood. This led to a considerable amount of research by chemical protective clothing manufacturers, users of chemical protective clothing, researchers, and others to find the materials of 2

13 construction best suited for specific chemical challenges. This work largely began in 1981, when Henry and Schlatter published an article* on The Development of a Standard Test Method for Evaluating Chemical Protective Clothing to Permeation by Liquids. Henry and Schlatter developed a specific permeation test cell (Figure 1). The method and the test cell were adopted by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) committee as Standard Test Method F739 in Most of the material testing has been conducted using the ASTM F739-99, Standard Test Method for Resistance of Protective Clothing Materials to Permeation by Liquids or Gases Under Conditions of Continuous Contact or previous versions of this test method from the ASTM. This laboratory test method provides both a breakthrough time and a steady-state permeation rate based on direct contact of the challenge liquid or gas with the normal outside surface of the protective material. The breakthrough time is the time to the first indication of the presence of the test liquid or gas in the collection media on the other side *Henry, N.W. and C.N. Schlatter, The Development of a Standard Test Method for Evaluating Chemical Protective Clothing to Permeation by Liquids, American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Vol. 42, March 1981, pp Fill level Protective fabric Challenge chamber for hazardous material Figure 1 Permeation Test Cell Schematic. To Analyzer 3

14 (normal inside surface) of the test material. Thus, the data given in this guide are based on laboratory tests of either degradation or permeation. The recommendations are not based on actual use of the materials as protective clothing. Nevertheless, if the glove, boot, or suit is not damaged and has no defects, the laboratory test data should be equal to the worst-case chemical challenge in the work environment. How to Use This Guide A three-step process in this guide completes the selection of the barriers offering the best chemical resistance. First, the chemical name or synonym is found in the alphabetically sorted CHEMICAL INDEX. The second step is to use the Chemical Class Number, which appears to the left of the chemical name to search the SELECTION RECOMMENDATIONS. This section is in numeric order by chemical class. The final step is to find the chemical within the class listing and note the colorcoded recommendations by barrier material. For example, to find the recommendations for protection from acetone, the user must first find the chemical class number in the Chemical Index section (Section III). We find the chemical acetone listed on the first page of the CHEMICAL INDEX. This listing shows a class number of 391. This is the chemical class for Ketones (aliphatic or alicyclic) under the ASTM F-1186, Standard Classification System for Chemicals According to Functional Groups. This listing also shows the chemical abstract service (CAS) number assigned to acetone as The main purpose for listing the unique CAS number is to be sure that this chemical is the one that we are interested in and not another chemical by a similar name. The next column under acetone lists the Risk Code. For acetone, it is listed as a V. This means that the chemical has received a designation of potentially harmful based on the Official Gazette of the European Community s Guide to Classification and Marking of Hazardous Substances. This is the lowest level of warning under this classification scheme (i.e., least potentially hazardous). There are no special notes for acetone. The next step is to go to the SELECTION RECOMMEN- DATIONS section and find chemical class number 391. Acetone is listed first within this group. Reading the color codes from left to right, we find eight recommended barriers (color coded green) with eight barriers that are not recommended 4

15 (color coded red). Natural rubber, Neoprene, Nitrile rubber, Polyethylene, Polyvinyl alcohol, Polyvinyl chloride, Viton, and Tychem SL are not recommended for use against acetone. Butyl rubber, Viton/Butyl Rubber, Barrier, Silver Shield/4H, Responder, Trellchem HPS, and Tychem BR/LV and Tychem TK are recommended for at least 8 hours of breakthrough resistance. 5

QUICK SELECTION GUIDE TO CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

QUICK SELECTION GUIDE TO CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING QUICK SELECTION GUIDE TO CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING Sixth Edition Krister Forsberg, Lidingo, Stockholm, Sweden Ann Van den Borre, Liedekerke, Brussels,