The Karlsruher Nuklidkarte
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1 The Karlsruher Nuklidkarte New Edition of the Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart Wednesday, 13th Sept Christophe Normand European Commission Institute for Transuranium Elements Postfach 2340, Karlsruhe, Germany
2 110 years of Nuclear Science H.Becquerel 1896, discovery of radioactivity With Curie, Rutherford, Fermi, Hahn, Wigner, Bohr, Mottelson, many more advances in our knowledge of the structure of the nucleus Soddy, Moseley, De Hevesy isotopes Many Nobel prizes in Nuclear Science (including Physics, Chemistry, Physiology and Medicine) Since Gell-Mann, classification of hadrons with the quark model. Salam, Weinberg, Reines, Perl, Hooft, edification of the standard model
3 Ordering the Knowledge Old concepts of earth, wind, water and fire Mendeleyev table (1869): Chemical properties, Mass Number Representation of nuclides in a proton/neutron map system (Fea, 1935, Seaborg, 1940, Segrè, 1945, Karlsruhe since 1958) Vision of the particles as multiplets of elementary particles (e.g. quarks for baryons) Supersymmetry, strings, etc...
4 The representation of the Nuclides Nuclide : A type of atom specified by its atomic number, Z, mass number, A, and energy state. Isotopes : meaning at the same place in the periodic table nuclides with same Z. Isotones : nuclides with the same N (=A-Z). Isobars : nuclides with the same A.
5 Choices for the representation of data Decay and nuclear reactions
6 Choices for the representation of data Historical point of view for the epistemologist
7 Half-lives based Choices for the representation of data Stable 30d-5E+08y 10min - 30d < 10min
8 Choices for the representation of data α β -, EC β + p SF Iγ
9 Available Nuclide Charts Many charts are available mainly online with the recurring problem of the update and the reliability of the data Chart of The Nuclides 2002 Authored by Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory and distributed by Lockheed Martin (16th edition, revised to 2002, by E.M. Baum, H.D. Knox, and T.R. Miller). Chart of the Nuclides 2000 Japanese Nuclear Data Committee and Nuclear Data Centre, JAERI, Karlsruher Nuklidkarte Auflage, by G. Pfennig, H. Klewe- Nebenius, W. Seelmann-Eggebert. Strasbourg Chart of the Nuclides 1992 by M.S. Antony, Centre de Recherches Nucléaires et Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France.
10 More Recent Popular Paper Nuclide Charts
11 Discovery of New Nuclides Number of Nuclides available in the Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart The 7 editions, including 2006, are shown
12 New Nuclides discovered these last years Magic numbers of protons and neutrons: Nuclides with such numbers are favored in terms of stability 2,8,20,28,50,82,126 Doubly magic: 100 Sn Superheavy elements: 118 Uuo, 2004 Superlarge nuclides, Halo nuclides: 11 Li
13 New Nuclides discovered these last years Quality frame for nuclide data and discovery 0. dubious, contradictory data [Uuo-293] 1. only Z and A of the nuclide published [Rf-264] 2. and (one) mode of decay given [Hs-263] 3. and (estimation of) T1/2 given [Lr-262] 4. and spin given [Fm-255] 5. and mass given [Sg-265] Statistical data from the chart; no stable isobars for A=5 or 8 no stable isotopes for Z=43 or 61, fixed number of nuclides with T>10 9 y
14 Superlarge (halo) nuclide 11 Li : a 9 Li core with an orbiting two neutron halo. Comparison with 208 Pb 20 times heavier Halo Nuclide 11 Li
15 A new version of the Karlsruher Nuklidkarte New nuclides added and updates to known nuclides Experimentally observed nuclides Colour scheme based on the decay modes. Multiple decay modes indicated. Restricted but essential information shown
16 Karlsruher Nuklidkarte Vademecum Single Colour Single Decay Mode Multiple Colours Multiple Decay Modes
17 Karlsruher Nuklidkarte Vademecum Examples of 3 nuclides with different decay modes
18 Karlsruher Nuklidkarte Vademecum Selenium A=82 Primordial element, abundance in the natural element 8.73% β - decay with half-life of years Double beta decay (n,γ) cross section
19 Karlsruher Nuklidkarte Vademecum Selenium A=77 left hand side: half-life of metastable state, 17.5 s; γ-energy (162 kev) of the isomeric transition right hand side: abundance in the natural element (7.63 %) (n, γ)-cross sections for the thermal neutrons (barn)
20 Karlsruher Nuklidkarte Vademecum Americium A=240 left hand side: spontaneous fission isomer right hand side: decay by electron capture and α decay. g indicates that the daughter Pu 240g is formed to at least 95 %; a population of Pu 240m up to 5% cannot be excluded
21 The New Version of the Karlsruher Nuklidkarte 612 updated nuclides Brochure with 2 new languages: Russian and Chinese(German, English, French, Spanish) Available soon 7 th edition
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ITU Karlsruhe on 30 April 2008 Presentation 1 Nuclide Charts and the Nuclide Explorer Wenesday, 22 nd Oct. 2009 Christophe Normand European Commission Institute for Transuranium Elements Postfach 2340,
Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart
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