This project aims to investigate how to make glue from plastic by solute them with organic solvent.

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1 Making glue from varies type of plastic Charoensuk J., Limpirat T.,Kanoksirirath S. Mahidol Wittayanusorn School, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand. Introduction: Today, plastic is wildly used in life such as packaging, electronic, toy. Most of materials made from polystyrene, polyethylene, poly(ethylene terephthalate) etc. Plastics are synthetic organic polymers. Thirty million tons of plastic are produced annually. The versatility of these materials has lead to a great increase in their use over the past three decades, and they have rapidly moved into all aspects of everyday life. Plastics are lightweight, strong, durable and cheap, characteristics that make them suitable for the manufacture of a very wide range of products. These properties are the reasons why plastics are a serious hazard to the environment. (Derraik, 1987) In particular municipal, health and industrial waste plastics are produced such as polyethylene (i.e. plastic bag), polystyrene (i.e. foam plastic), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (i.e. plastic bottle ) (Guffey & Barbour, 1994). The physical properties of the dipole molecules are divided into two types. The first type is the polar molecule and the second type is non-polar molecule. The polar molecule can be dissolved by polar solvent while the non-polar molecule can be dissolved by non-polar solvent. As the word like dissolve like (Dharmalingam, Ramachandran & Sivagurunathan, 2006). The polystyrene (foam plastic) is non polar compound which can dissolve by non polar compound such as toluene and benzene (Busi, Basosi, Ponticelli, & Olivucci, 2004). This project aims to investigate how to make glue from plastic by solute them with organic solvent.

2 Materials and Method: First part: determination the suitable ratio In this study we used food box, drink cup, plastic bag and bottle to be plastic samples. First each type of plastic sample was cut to be small pieces as size 1 x 1 cm 2. Then 2 grams of each plastic was solute by 3 ml of toluene. We stirred plastic and toluene by stirring rod. We repeated this experiment by changing volume of toluene to 6, 9, 12 and 15 ml. Second part: testing glue property We used 5x5 cm 2 writing paper for testing sticky property of the product. Paper were smeared the glue product and waited until dry, recorded drying time and observed the sticky efficiency by rupture the paper and observed the toughness.

3 Result : Part 1: Table 1: Solubility of materials Solvent Solute Solution Polystyrene (Foam) Foam dissolves very quickly. Leave it then mix will stay a viscous substance. Toluene Polystyrene (Plastic cup) Melt fast in two minutes. The result is white liquid viscous like glue. Polyethylene (Plastic bag) Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) (Plastic bottle) After immerse example in toluene 1 day. It is insoluble After immerse example in toluene 1 day. It is insoluble From the table1, Polystyrene can be dissolve in toluene. Foam plastic can be dissolve in toluene very fast and plastic cup can be dissolve slower than foam plastic, where as Polyethylene and Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) cannot be dissolve in toluene. Table 2: physical properties of materials Volume of Solution toluene Foam plastic(2.00g.) 3.00 ml It is colorless, very viscous and also has small foam cannot dissolve anymore ml It is colorless, very viscous but less than last one. Plastic cup (2.00g.) The color is white. It is similar to latex glue but more viscous. The color is white. It is also similar to latex glue but less viscous ml It is colorless and viscous. The color is white and viscous ml It is colorless and weak viscous ml It is similar to water but slightly stickier. The color is pale white and slightly viscous. It is very similar to milk. From the table2, foam plastic and plastic cup in three ml of toluene are the most viscous in the experiment. Whereas foam plastic and plastic cup in fifteen ml of toluene are the least viscous in the experiment. foam plastic and plastic cup in three

4 ml of toluene are the most viscous in the experiment. While foam plastic and plastic cup in six ml of toluene are the most suitable in the experiment. Part 2: Table 3: Properties of glue from foam and plastic glasses Type and volume of glue Glue from foam Glue from plastic glasses 3.00 ml Can dry very fast (0.47 min) No leak. Sticky and look like UHU glue ml Can dry fast (0.56 min). No leak. More sticky. Look like UHU glue 9.00 ml Medium dry rate (1.17 min). less sticky. Little leak ml Low dry rate (1.57 min). Leak and have no sticky property ml Low dry rate (2.40 min). Very leak and have no sticky property High dry rate (1.13 min). No leak and very sticky High dry rate (1.20 min). No leak and more sticky. Medium dry rate (2.26 min). little leak. Very sticky. Low dry rate (2.58 min).leak and sticky Low dry rate (3.24 min). Very sticky and very leak From the table 3,foam plastic and plastic cup in three ml of toluene can dry very fast and it is very sticky with the paper, whereas foam plastic and plastic cup in fifteen ml of toluene can dry very slow and it is not sticky with the paper. Table 4: Qualitative analysis of glue from foam and plastic Volume of toluene 3.00 ml. Foam Quality ( ) Plastic 6.00 ml.

5 9.00 ml ml ml. poor fair good very good excellence From the table4, the best ratio that can make the glue is toluene six ml and two grams of foam plastic or plastic cup.

6 Discussion & Conclusion From experiment, the foam plastic and the plastic cup could be dissolved by toluene. Toluene could dissolve polystyrene very fast, whereas it could not dissolve polyethylene (PE)(plastic bag) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET)(plastic bottle) because they had different side chain and polar side chain on main chain of polymers(guffey,& Barbour, 1994). The physical properties of the dipole molecules are divided two types. The first type is the polar molecules and the second type is non-polar molecule. The polar molecule can be dissolved in polar solvent whereas; the non-polar molecule can be dissolved in non-polar solvent (Busi, et al., 2004). Polystyrene is non-polar molecules and toluene is non- polar molecules, so polystyrene can dissolve in toluene. Moreover polystyrene has the chemical structure like the chemical structure of toluene. It is easy to dissolve if the two chemicals have the same structure, the molecule of toluene could push through the molecule of polystyrene and it can combine with toluene turn to the solution like the glue (Dharmalingam et. al., 2006). (Structure of polystyrene, Source from (structure of toluene, Source from http//:th.wikipedia.org) However polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate could not dissolve in toluene because they have different structure with toluene, it make the molecule of toluene cannot combine with the molecule of polyethylene terephthalate. Polyethylene terephthalate has the network structure, it is very strong structure. The molecule of toluene could not push through the network structure, so polyethylene terephthalate could not dissolve in the toluene (Boonseng, personal communication February 22, 2010) (Structure of polyethylene terephthalate ( Structure of polyethylene

7 Source from Source from From the experiment the best ratio that can dissolve the glue is 2 g of foam plastic with 6 ml of toluene. Moreover the toughness of glue can change follow the ratio of foam plastic and the value of toluene. If we use a lot of foam plastic with a little of toluene the glue that we need is very sticky, dry very fast and has much efficiency to stick with the paper. But if we use a little of foam plastic with a lot of toluene the glue that we need is so little sticky, dry very slow and has little efficiency to stick with the paper. In addition, we found that the another plastic have an effect on the glue, so glue from foam plastic is better than the glue from plastic cup. Foam plastic can dissolve with toluene very fast than plastic cup because foam plastic has low density and it has many hold in it, so it has much area to attach the toluene, it make reaction very fast. Benzene can dissolve with foam plastic, so we can change toluene to benzene because benzene has the structure like the structure of toluene, but benzene is very dangerous and flammable (Xue, Takeda, Kimura, Minabe, 2003). (Structure of benzene, source from Since toluene is a strong smell reagent and it harm to the respiratory system, so we should do this experiment in open room and do the experiment in fume hood as well as use mask and goggles is prefer. When we do the experiment finish, we can store the glue in close utensils for store it in long time. The property of the glue dries we can dissolve it with toluene again, so the glue can use again.

8 Reference Derraik.Jos. (1987). The pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris: a review Dharmalingam, K., Ramachandran, K., &Sivagurunathan, P., (2006). Hydrogen bonding interaction between acrylic esters and monohydric alcohols in nonpolar solvents: An FTIR study Elena, B., Riccardo, B., Fabio, P., &Massimo, O.,(2004). An innovative approach to the design of plastic antibodies:molecular imprinting via a non-polar transition state analogue Feng, X., Daisuke, T., Takao, K., &Masahiro, M.(2003). Effect of organic peroxides on the thermal decomposition of expanded polystyrene with the addition of a- methylstyrene Structure of benzene. Retrieved January 30, 2011, from Structure of polystyrene. Retrieved January 30, 2011, from Structure of polystyrene terephthalate. Retrieved January 30, 2011, from Structure of toluene. Retrieved January 30, 2011, from http//: