What makes water so special?
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1 What makes water so special?
2 Water A water molecule (H 2 O), is made up of three atoms --- one oxygen and two hydrogen. H O H
3 Atom review
4 Bonding review Animations on atomic bonding
5 So what makes water so special?
6 Water is Polar!!!! The oxygen end acts negative The hydrogen end acts positive Causes the water to be POLAR, like a magnet.
7 Hydrogen Bonds Exist Between Water Molecules Formed between a highly Electronegative atom (like oxygen in another water) of a polar molecule and a hydrogen Weak bond, but strong in great numbers (ask about Crocodile Dundee)
8 Interaction Between Water Molecules Negative Oxygen end of one water molecule is attracted to the Positive Hydrogen end of another water molecule to form a HYDROGEN BOND
9 What are the Properties of Water?
10 Properties of Water Cohesion
11 Properties of Water Cohesion Adhesion
12 Properties of Water Cohesion Adhesion High Specific Heat
13 Properties of Water Cohesion Adhesion High Specific Heat High Heat of Vaporization
14 Properties of Water Cohesion Adhesion High Specific Heat High Heat of Vaporization Less Dense as a Solid
15 Cohesion Attraction between particles of the same substance ( why water is attracted to itself) Results in surface tension (a measure of the strength of water s surface)
16 Cohesion Helps insects walk across water, but how is it helpful to people?
17 Adhesion Attraction between two different substances. Water will make hydrogen bonds with other surfaces such as glass, soil, plant tissues, and cotton. Capillary action-water molecules will tow each other along when in a thin glass tube.
18 Adhesion Causes Capillary Action Which gives water the ability to climb structures
19 High Specific Heat Amount of heat needed to raise or lower 1g of a substance 1 C. Water resists temperature change, both for heating and cooling. Would you rather walk on sand or in water on a beach on a hot summer day? Which would be warmer that night? Why?
20 High Heat of Vaporization
21 Water vapor forms a kind of global blanket which helps to keep the Earth warm. Heat radiated from the sun warmed surface of the earth is absorbed and held by the vapor.
22 Water is Less Dense as a Solid Which is ice and which is water?
23 Solutions & Suspensions Water is usually part of a mixture. There are two types of mixtures: Solutions: substance dissolves in liquid Suspensions: substance suspends in liquid Come up with examples
24 Solutions Water is the solvent, salt is the solute salt water is the solution
25 Solutions- Solvent & Solute Water is a universal Solvent
26 Substances that don t dissolve but separate into tiny pieces. Suspensions
27 Hard Water vs. Soft Water Hard water... is water that contains an appreciable quantity of dissolved minerals (like calcium and magnesium). Soft water... is treated water in which the only ion is sodium. Soft water - top water Hard water well water from groundwater
28 Hydrophobic vs. Hydrophilic Nonpolar molecules that repel the water molecules are said to be hydrophobic; molecules forming ionic or a hydrogen bond with the water molecule are said to be hydrophilic.
29 Acids, Bases and ph One water molecule is made of two ions, (H+) and a Hydroxide Ion (OH-) H 2 O H + + OH - Hydrogen Ion Acid Hydroxide Ion Base
30 Acids and Bases Acid: A solution with lots of H + ions ph 0 up to 7 is acid (acidic) Base: A solution with lots of OH - ions ph above 7 14 is basic (alkaline)
31 The ph Scale acids Indicates the percent of H + ions Ranges from 0 14 ph of 7 is neutral Each ph unit represents a factor of 10X change in concentration ph 3 is 10 x 10 x 10 (1000x) stronger than a ph of 6
32 The ph Scale bases
33 Buffers Weak acids or bases that react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in ph (neutralization). Produced naturally by the body to maintain homeostasis Weak Acid Weak Base
34 Human biology and ph Your blood maintains a ph of (slightly basic) Balance is maintained by buffers in blood, breathing, and urinating The human vaginal canal has a ph of Why?
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