file:///biology Exploring Life/BiologyExploringLife04/
|
|
- Patrick Chandler
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Objectives Describe the structure of a water molecule. List and describe water's unique properties. Distinguish between an acid and a base. Explain how Earth's conditions are fit for life. Key Terms polar molecule hydrogen bond cohesion adhesion thermal energy temperature solution solvent solute aqueous solution acid base ph scale buffer All living things are dependent on water. Inside your body, your cells are surrounded by a fluid that is mostly water, and your cells themselves are 70 to 95 percent water. The abundance of water is a major reason Earth can support life. Water is so common that it is easy to overlook its extraordinary properties, which are linked to the structure and interactions of its molecules. The Structure of Water A water molecule at first may seem pretty simple. Its two hydrogen atoms are each joined to an oxygen atom by a single covalent bond (Figure 4-12). 1 of 9 10/5/11 6:48 AM
2 Figure 4-12 Hydrogen bonds form readily among polar water molecules. However, the key to water's unusual properties is that the electrons of each covalent bond are not shared equally between oxygen and hydrogen atoms. Oxygen pulls electrons much more strongly than does hydrogen. Part of the reason is that the oxygen nucleus has eight protons, and therefore has a stronger positive charge than the hydrogen nucleus, which has one proton. This unequal pull results in the shared electrons spending more of their time in the "neighborhood" of the oxygen atom. Note the "V" shape of the water molecule, with the oxygen atom at the base of the "V" opposite the two hydrogen atoms. The unequal sharing of electrons causes the oxygen end of the molecule to have a slight negative charge, while the end with the two hydrogen atoms is slightly positive. A molecule in which opposite ends have opposite electric charges is called a polar molecule. Water is a compound consisting of polar molecules. Water molecules are attracted to one another in a specific way. The slightly negative oxygen end of one molecule attracts the slightly positive hydrogen ends of adjacent water molecules, causing the molecules to become arranged as you see in Figure This type of weak attraction between the hydrogen atom of one molecule and a slightly negative atom within another molecule is a type of chemical bond called a hydrogen bond. Because the atoms within the water molecules have not transferred an electron (and thus a full unit of charge) to another atom, the attraction in a hydrogen bond is not as strong as that in an ionic bond. Water's Life-Supporting Properties The polar nature of water and the effects of hydrogen bonding explain most 2 of 9 10/5/11 6:48 AM
3 of water's unique properties. These properties include cohesion and adhesion, temperature moderation, the lower density of ice compared to liquid water, and water's ability to dissolve other substances. Cohesion and Adhesion Each hydrogen bond between molecules of liquid water lasts for only a few trillionths of a second. Yet, at any instant most of the molecules are involved in hydrogen bonding with other molecules because new hydrogen bonds form as fast as old ones break. This tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick to one another is called cohesion. Cohesion is much stronger for water than for most other liquids. Water molecules are also attracted to certain other molecules. The type of attraction that occurs between unlike molecules is called adhesion. Both cohesion and adhesion are important in the living world. One of the most important effects of these forces is keeping large molecules organized and arranged in a way that enables them to function properly in cells. You will read more about this role of water in Chapters 5 and 6. As another example, trees depend on cohesion and adhesion to help transport water from their roots to their leaves (Figure 4-13). The evaporation of water from leaves pulls water upward from the roots through narrow tubes in the trunk of the tree. Adhesion between water molecules and the walls of the tubes helps resist the downward pull of gravity on the water. And because of cohesion between water molecules, the pulling force caused by evaporation from the leaves is relayed through the tubes all the way down to the roots. As a result, water moves against the force of gravity even to the top of a very tall tree. You've witnessed another example of cohesion if you've ever seen an insect "skating" across the surface of a pond. Cohesion pulls the molecules at the surface tightly together, forming a filmlike boundary that can support the insect. This effect is known as surface tension. 3 of 9 10/5/11 6:48 AM
4 Figure 4-13 Cohesion and adhesion contribute to the rise of water molecules within a tree's water transport system. The dotted lines in the diagram indicate hydrogen bonds. Temperature Moderation If you have ever burned your finger on a metal pot while waiting for the water in it to boil, you know that water heats up much more slowly than metal. In fact, because of hydrogen bonding, water has a better ability to resist temperature change than most other substances. To understand why, it is first helpful to know a little 4 of 9 10/5/11 6:48 AM
5 about energy and temperature. Thermal energy is the total amount of energy associated with the random movement of atoms and molecules in a sample of matter. Temperature is a measure of the average energy of random motion of the particles in a substance. When two substances differ in temperature, thermal energy in the form of heat is transferred from the warmer substance to the cooler one. When you heat a substance such as a metal pan or water its temperature rises because its molecules move faster. But in water, some of the thermal energy that is absorbed goes to break hydrogen bonds. That doesn't happen in the metal pan, which has no hydrogen bonds. As a result, the water absorbs the same amount of thermal energy but undergoes less temperature change than the metal. Conversely, when you cool a substance, the molecules slow and the temperature drops. But as water cools, it forms hydrogen bonds. This releases thermal energy in the form of heat, so there is less of a drop in temperature than in metal. One result of this property is that it causes oceans and large lakes to moderate the temperatures of nearby land areas. In other words, coastal areas generally have less extreme temperatures than inland areas. For example, a large lake can store a huge amount of thermal energy from the sun during the day. Then at night, heat given off by the gradually cooling water moderates the otherwise more rapid cooling of the air and land. Water also moderates temperature through evaporation, such as when you sweat. Evaporation occurs when molecules at the surface of a liquid escape to the air. As water molecules evaporate, the remaining liquid becomes cooler. The process of evaporation requires thermal energy to break hydrogen bonds and release water molecules into the air. In sweating, this energy is absorbed from the skin, cooling the body. Low Density of Ice Density is the amount of matter in a given volume. A high-density substance is more tightly "packed" than a low-density substance. In most substances, the solid state is more dense than the liquid state. Water is just the opposite its solid form (ice) is less dense than the cold liquid form. Once again, hydrogen bonds are the reason. Every water molecule in ice forms four long-lasting hydrogen bonds with neighboring water molecules, which keep the molecules spaced in a regular pattern (Figure 4-15). Because the molecules in liquid water are moving faster than those in ice, there are fewer and more short-lived hydrogen bonds between molecules. The liquid water molecules can fit more closely together than the molecules in ice. Since substances of lesser density float in substances of greater density, ice floats in liquid water. 5 of 9 10/5/11 6:48 AM
6 Figure 4-15 Ice floats because its molecules are less densely packed than those in liquid water. How is the fact that ice floats important to living things? If ice sank, it would form on the bottom of a body of water as the water was cooling. Ponds and lakes would freeze from the bottom up, trapping the fish and other organisms in a shrinking layer of water without access to the nutrients from the muddy bottom. Instead, when a deep body of water cools, the floating ice insulates the liquid water below, allowing life to persist under the frozen surface. Water's Ability to Dissolve Other Substances When you stir table salt into a glass of water, you are forming a solution, a uniform mixture of two or more substances. The substance that dissolves the other substance and is present in the greater amount is the solvent (in this case, water). The substance that is dissolved and is present in a lesser amount is the solute (in this case, salt). When water is the solvent, the result is called an aqueous solution (from the Latin word aqua, "water"). Water is the main solvent inside all cells, in blood, and in plant sap. Water dissolves an enormous variety of solutes necessary for life. Figure 4-16 illustrates how water dissolves ionic compounds such as table salt (sodium chloride). The positive sodium ions at the surface of a sodium chloride crystal attract the oxygen ends of the water molecules. The negative 6 of 9 10/5/11 6:48 AM
7 chloride ions attract the hydrogen ends of the water molecules. As a result, water molecules surround each ion, breaking the salt crystal apart in the process. Figure 4-16 Sodium chloride dissolves as Na + and Cl - ions become attracted to water molecules and break away from the surface of the solid. Water can also dissolve many nonionic compounds, such as sugars. The structures of sugar molecules include polar areas where electrons are shared unevenly between atoms. These areas of slight electric charge attract the polar ends of water molecules. Water molecules cling to these charged regions and separate the sugar molecules from one another. Acids, Bases, and ph In aqueous solutions, a very small percentage of the water molecules themselves break apart into ions. The ions formed are positively charged hydrogen ions (H + ) and negatively charged hydroxide ions (OH - ). (A hydroxide ion is a combination of an oxygen atom and a hydrogen atom that carries a 1- charge.) For the chemical processes of life to work correctly, the right balance of H + ions and OH - ions is critical. Some chemical compounds contribute additional H + ions to an aqueous solution while others remove H + ions from it. A compound that donates H + ions to a solution is called an acid. An example is hydrochloric acid (HCl), the acid in your stomach. In an aqueous solution, hydrochloric acid breaks apart completely into H + and Cl - ions. A compound that removes H + ions from an aqueous solution is called a base. Some bases, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), do this by adding OH - ions, which then combine with H + ions and form water molecules. The ph Scale The ph scale describes how acidic or basic a solution is. The scale ranges from 0 (most acidic) to 14 (most basic) (Figure 4-17). 7 of 9 10/5/11 6:48 AM
8 Each ph unit represents a tenfold change in the concentration of H + ions. For example, lemon juice at ph 2 has 10 times more H + ions than an equal amount of grapefruit juice at ph 3. Pure water and aqueous solutions that have equal amounts of H + and OH - ions are said to be neutral. They have a ph of 7 and are neither acidic nor basic. The ph of the solution inside most living cells is close to 7. Figure 4-17 A solution having a ph of 7 is neutral. Many fruits have ph values less than 7, making them acidic. Various household cleaners have ph values greater than 7, making them basic. Buffers Because the molecules in cells are very sensitive to concentrations of H + and OH - ions, even a slight change in ph can be harmful to organisms. Many biological fluids contain buffers, substances that cause a solution to resist changes in ph. A buffer works by accepting H + ions when their levels rise and donating H + ions when their levels fall, thereby maintaining a fairly constant ph in the solution. An example of the importance of buffers is their role in regulating the ph of the blood. Human blood normally has a ph of about 7.4. Certain chemical reactions within your cells can lead to an increase in the amount of H + ions. When these ions move into the blood, buffers take up some of them, preventing the blood from becoming acidic enough to endanger cell function. An Environment Fit for Life You have just explored some of the unique properties of water an essential substance of life. The abundance of liquid water is one example of how conditions on Earth provide a favorable environment for life. 8 of 9 10/5/11 6:48 AM
9 Another condition is the planet's location in the solar system. Earth is far enough from the sun that the planet receives a moderate quantity of the energy radiating from the sun, but not so far away that temperatures are too cold to sustain life. At the same time, ozone (a gas made of oxygen atoms) in Earth's upper atmosphere shields the planet's surface from some of the sun's harmful radiation. Yet another factor is the availability in the soil, rock, and atmosphere of elements essential to life. As you will read in Chapter 36, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen are recycled through living and nonliving parts of the environment and so are constantly available to living organisms. In the next chapter, you will explore how these essential elements are arranged into the molecules of life. Concept Check Explain how the structure of water molecules results in attractions among them. 2. Give an example of how cohesion among water molecules is important to living things. 3. Describe the information the ph scale provides. 4. Name three conditions on Earth that make the planet suitable for life. 5. Explain one way in which water can moderate temperature. Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. 9 of 9 10/5/11 6:48 AM
Why Water Is Your Friend
Why Water Is Your Friend Water has several properties which make life possible. Transparency Cohesion Capillary action Surface tension: watch this Fluid nature Temperature buffer Solvent ability 2.A.3.a.3.
More informationBIOLOGY 101. CHAPTER 3: Water and Life: The Molecule that supports all Live
BIOLOGY 101 CHAPTER 3: Water and Life: The Molecule that supports all Live The Molecule that Supports all Life CONCEPTS: 3.1 Polar covalent bonds in water molecules result in hydrogen bonding 3.2 Four
More informationChapter 2. The Chemical Basis of Life. Lecture by Richard L. Myers
Chapter 2 The Chemical Basis of Life PowerPoint Lectures for Biology: Concepts & Connections, Sixth Edition Campbell, Reece, Taylor, Simon, and Dickey Lecture by Richard L. Myers 2.7 Ionic bonds are attractions
More informationAtoms, Molecules, and Life
1 Atoms, Molecules, and Life The Nature of Matter: Atoms and Molecules Elements All matter is composed of chemical elements, substances that cannot be broken down to other substances by ordinary chemical
More informationWater is one of the few compounds found in a liquid state over most of Earth s surface.
The Water Molecule Water is one of the few compounds found in a liquid state over most of Earth s surface. Like other molecules, water (H2O) is neutral. The positive charges on its 10 protons balance out
More informationProper&es of Water. Lesson Overview. Lesson Overview. 2.2 Properties of Water
Lesson Overview Proper&es of Water Lesson Overview 2.2 Properties of Water THINK ABOUT IT Looking back at Earth from space, an astronaut called it the blue planet, referring to the oceans of water that
More informationEver come to work. And get the feeling it s not going to be such a good day?
Ever come to work And get the feeling it s not going to be such a good day? Water The Key To Life On Earth (or one of them, anyway) Why Water Is Your Friend Water has several properties which make life
More informationThe Water Molecule. Like all molecules, a water molecule is neutral. Water is polar. Why are water molecules polar?
Properties of Water The Water Molecule Like all molecules, a water molecule is neutral. Water is polar Why are water molecules polar? Polarity oxygen atom 8 protons in its nucleus has a much stronger attraction
More informationWater. Water Is Polar
Water Do you ever wonder why scientists spend time looking for water on other planets? It is because water is essential to life; even minute traces of it on another planet can indicate that life could
More information2-1 Atoms consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons
2-1 Atoms consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons The smallest particle of matter that still retains the properties of an element is an atom Subatomic Particles An atom is made up of protons and neutrons
More informationChapter 2: Chemical Basis of Life
Chapter 2: Chemical Basis of Life Honors Biology 2011 1 Chemistry of Life Living organisms are composed of about 25 chemical elements Matter - anything that occupies space and has mass Matter is composed
More informationOutline. Water The Life Giving Molecule. Water s Abundance. Water
Chapter 3 Water and Life Outline I. Water A. Properties of water II. Acids and Bases Water The Life Giving Molecule Water s Abundance Why are we so interested in finding evidence of water on Mars? What
More informationOverview: The Molecule That Supports All of Life
Overview: The Molecule That Supports All of Life Water is the biological medium on Earth All living organisms require water more than any other substance Most cells are surrounded by water, and cells themselves
More informationChapter 3. Water and the Fitness of the Environment
Chapter 3 Water and the Fitness of the Environment 1 Importance of water Overview: The Molecule That Supports All of Life Water is the biological medium here on Earth All living organisms require water
More informationWater and the Fitness of the Environment
Water and the Fitness of the Environment A water molecule can form hydrogen bond with 4 neighbor molecules of water: -polar molecule -cohesive molecule -high surface tension -good solvent -high specific
More informationEssential Knowledge. 2.A.3 Organisms must exchange matter with the environment to grow, reproduce and maintain organization
Ch3: Water Essential Knowledge 2.A.3 Organisms must exchange matter with the environment to grow, reproduce and maintain organization a. Molecules and atoms from the environment are necessary to build
More informationChapter Chemical Elements Matter solid, liquid, and gas elements atoms. atomic symbol protons, neutrons, electrons. atomic mass atomic number
Chapter 2 2.1 Chemical Elements 1. Matter is defined as anything that takes up space and has mass. 2. Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid, and gas. A. Elements 1. All matter (both living and non-living)
More informationProperties of Water. Polar molecule Cohesion and adhesion High specific heat Density greatest at 4 o C Universal solvent of life
Properties of Water Polar molecule Cohesion and adhesion High specific heat Density greatest at 4 o C Universal solvent of life Polarity of Water In a water molecule two hydrogen atoms form single polar
More informationBASIC CHEMISTRY Organisms and all other things in the universe consist of matter Matter: Elements and Compounds Matter is
Chapter 2 Lecture Notes Essential Chemistry for Biology Biol 100 K. Marr 2009 Topics Discussed in these notes Matter, Elements and Compounds Periodic Table of the Elements: Metals vs. Nonmetals Atomic
More informationGeneral Biology 1004 Chapter 2 Lecture Handout, Summer 2005 Dr. Frisby
Slide 1 BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY: FLUORIDE IN THE WATER There has been a sharp decline in tooth decay in the last few decades The use of fluoride in drinking water illustrates the point that organisms are chemical
More informationProperties of Water. Polar molecule Cohesion and adhesion High specific heat Density greatest at 4 o C Universal solvent of life
Water Properties of Water Polar molecule Cohesion and adhesion High specific heat Density greatest at 4 o C Universal solvent of life Polarity of Water In a water molecule two hydrogen atoms form single
More informationThe Chemistry of Life 2007-
The Chemistry of Life 2007- Why are we studying chemistry? Chemistry is the foundation of Biology The World of Elements H NaMg K Ca C N O P S Different kinds of atoms = elements Life requires ~25 chemical
More informationChemistry of Life: Water and Solutions
Chemistry of Life: Water and Solutions Unit Objective I can describe the role of organic and inorganic chemicals important to living things. During this unit, we will answer the following very important
More informationLet s Review Bonding. Chapter 3 Water and Life 7/19/2016 WATER AND SOLUTIONS. Properties of Water
Let s Review Bonding Chapter 3 Water and Life Covalent Ionic Hydrogen Van der Waals Interactions Between nonmetals Between metal and non-metal All important to life H bonds to other electronegative atoms
More informationChapter Two (Chemistry of Life)
1 Chapter Two (Chemistry of Life) SECTION ONE: THE COMPOSITION OF MATTER MATTER Everything in the universe is made of matter. Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. Mass is the quantity of
More informationLife s Chemical Basis. Chapter 2
Life s Chemical Basis Chapter 2 Why are we studying chemistry? Chemistry is the foundation of biology Atoms Determine the behavior of elements make up all living things Building blocks of all substances
More informationIntroduction. Most cells are surrounded by water and cells are about 70-95% water.
Introduction Because water is the substance that makes possible life as we know it on Earth, astronomers hope to find evidence of water on newly discovered planets orbiting distant stars. It is very likely
More informationThe Chemistry of Life
The Chemistry of Life 2007-2008 Why are we studying chemistry? Chemistry is the foundation of Biology Everything is made of matter Matter is made of atoms Hydrogen 1 proton 1 electron Oxygen 8 protons
More informationTHE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE
THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE ATOMS All living things are made up of matter Atoms are the smallest unit of matter Made up of 3 subatomic particles: 1. Protons- positively charged, found in the nucleus, has mass
More informationWhy are we studying chemistry?
The Chemistry of Life Why are we studying chemistry? Chemistry is the foundation of Biology 1 Everything is made of matter Matter is made of atoms Hydrogen 1 proton 1 electron Oxygen 8 protons 8 neutrons
More informationThe Properties of Water
The Water Molecule The Properties of Water Chapter 2.2 Polarity Chemical bonds have angles which produce certain molecular structures This makes water molecules have O on one end and H s on the other end
More informationChemistry (Outline) Water (Outline) - Polarity of water- hydrogen bonding - Emergent Physical properties of water - Importance for life on Earth
Chemistry (Outline) Chemistry Principles: Atomic structure of elements Elements found in living cells: free elements, and elements in organic molecules Chemical bonds: compound and molecules (Polar and
More informationWater Properties Foldable
Water Properties Foldable Definition: Polarity Polarity Definition: Unequal charge distribution on a molecule. Elaboration (Polarity) Elaboration (Polarity) Bond polarities arise from bonds between atoms
More informationLife s Chemical Basis
Life s Chemical Basis Life s Chemical Basis Ø Atoms and Elements Ø Why Electrons Matter Ø Atomic Bonds Ø Water molecule properties Ø Hydrogen Power (ph) Matter & Elements Ø Matter is anything that occupies
More information2.1-2 Chemistry and Water
Prepared by Kim Foglia. Adapted and modified by Nhan Pham. 2.1-2 Chemistry and Water Objectives Discuss why we study chemistry in biology Review structure of an atom Explain the role of valence electrons
More informationChapter 2 Essential Chemistry for Biology
DOWNLOAD FULL TEST BANK FOR CAMPBELL ESSENTIAL BIOLOGY 5TH EDITION BY SIMON REECE DICKEY Link download full: https://testbankservice.com/download/test-bank-for-campbellessential-biology-5th-edition-by-simon-reece-dickey/
More informationChemistry (Refresher)
Chemistry (Refresher) Chemistry Principles: Atomic structure of elements Elements found in living cells: free elements, and elements in organic molecules Chemical bonds: ionic, covalent polar, covalent
More informationFour elements make up about 90% of the mass of organisms O, C, H, and N
Chapter 2 Chemistry of Life 2-1 Composition of Matter -Mass- quantity of matter- use a balance to measure mass -Weight- pull of gravity on an object- use a scale Elements -cannot be broken down into simpler
More informationWater and Life. Chapter 3. Key Concepts in Chapter 3. The Molecule That Supports All of Life
Chapter 3 Water and Life Dr. Wendy Sera Houston Community College Biology 1406 Key Concepts in Chapter 3 1. Polar covalent bonds in water molecules result in hydrogen bonding 2. Four emergent properties
More informationWESTLAKE HIGH SCHOOL BIOLOGY SUMMER ASSIGNMENT
WESTLAKE HIGH SCHOOL BIOLOGY SUMMER ASSIGNMENT Dear Future Biology Student, Hello! The Biology Team at Westlake High School is pleased to know that you are going to be a part of Biology in August! This
More informationTHE EXTRAORDINARY PROPERTIES OF WATER
THE EXTRAORDINARY PROPERTIES OF WATER WATER A water molecule (H 2 O), is made up of three atoms --- one oxygen and two hydrogen. H O H WATER IS POLAR In each water molecule, the oxygen atom attracts more
More informationVocabulary Polar Covalent Bonds Hydrogen Bonds Surface Tension Adhesion Cohesion Specific Heat Heat of Vaporation Hydrophilic Hydrophobic Diffusion Dy
NOTES: 2.2 Water and Diffusion Vocabulary Polar Covalent Bonds Hydrogen Bonds Surface Tension Adhesion Cohesion Specific Heat Heat of Vaporation Hydrophilic Hydrophobic Diffusion Dynamic Equilibrium Water
More informationThe Molecules of Cells (Part A: Chemistry)
The Molecules of Cells (Part A: Chemistry) Mader: Chapter 2A Introduction: Who Tends This Garden?! Chemicals are the stuff that make up our bodies and those of other organisms They make up the physical
More informationChemistry: Water (GPC) *
OpenStax-CNX module: m49601 1 Chemistry: Water (GPC) * Jerey Mahr Based on Water by OpenStax This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 By the
More informationLearning Objectives. Learning Objectives (cont.) Chapter 2: Basic Chemistry 1. Lectures by Tariq Alalwan, Ph.D.
Biology, 10e Mader Lectures by Tariq Alalwan, Ph.D. Learning Objectives Name the principal chemical elements in living things. Compare the physical properties (mass and charge) and locations of electrons,
More informationAtoms. Smallest particles that retain properties of an element. Made up of subatomic particles: Protons (+) Electrons (-) Neutrons (no charge)
Basic Chemistry Atoms Smallest particles that retain properties of an element Made up of subatomic particles: Protons (+) Electrons (-) Neutrons (no charge) Examples of Atoms electron proton neutron Hydrogen
More informationSit with your group from yesterday. You have 5 minutes to finish your poster and be ready to present your property of water to the class.
To get out: Yellow Packet To pick up: Poster and markers Sit with your group from yesterday. You have 5 minutes to finish your poster and be ready to present your property of water to the class. Homework:
More informationChemistry of Life 9/11/2015. Bonding properties. Life requires ~25 chemical elements. About 25 elements are essential for life. Effect of electrons
Everything is made of matter Matter is made of atoms Chemistry of Life ydrogen 1 proton 1 electron Oxygen 8 protons 8 neutrons 8 electrons Proton + Neutron 0 Electron Life requires ~25 chemical elements
More informationLECTURE PRESENTATIONS
LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 3 Water and Life Lectures by Erin
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) A substance with specific properties that cannot be broken down or converted into another substance
More informationCHAPTER 2. Life s Chemical Basis
CHAPTER 2 Life s Chemical Basis The Chemistry of Life We are made up of elements. Atoms of one kind make up an element. Atoms are the smallest unit of an element still maintaing the element s properties.
More informationBiology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 10e (Audesirk) Chapter 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Life. 2.1 Multiple Choice Questions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 10e (Audesirk) Chapter 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Life 2.1 Multiple Choice Questions 1) A substance with specific properties that cannot be broken down or converted
More informationWhat Are Atoms? Chapter 2: Atoms, Molecules & Life
Chapter 2: Atoms, Molecules & Life What Are Atoms? An atom are the smallest unit of matter. Atoms are composed of Electrons = negatively charged particles. Neutrons = particles with no charge (neutral).
More informationWater - HW. PSI Chemistry
Water - HW PSI Chemistry Name 1) In a single molecule of water, the two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by A) hydrogen bonds. B) nonpolar covalent bonds. C) polar covalent bonds. D) ionic
More informationStation 1 Water is a polar molecule and has a very unique structure
Station 1 Water is a polar molecule and has a very unique structure A water molecule, because of its shape, is a polar molecule. That is, it has one side that is positively charged and one side that is
More information15.1 Water and Its Properties > Chapter 15 Water and Aqueous Systems Water and Its Properties Homogeneous Aqueous Systems
Chapter 15 Water and Aqueous Systems 15.1 Water and Its Properties 15.2 Homogeneous Aqueous Systems 15.3 Heterogeneous Aqueous Systems 1 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights
More information2-2 Properties of Water. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
2-2 Properties of Water Water Water is the most important molecule on earth. Because of its unique shape and chemical behavior it easily bonds with other molecules, and itself. Water: Covalent Bond Water
More informationThe Biological Importance of Water
The Biological Importance of Water Why is water important? Major component of all living systems and our planet. Occupies most of a cells volume. Has major properties that living systems require. Water
More informationThe properties of water in all phases are determined by its structure.
Section 5 Water Water is a familiar substance in all three physical states: solid, liquid, and gas. On Earth, water is by far the most abundant liquid. Oceans, rivers, and lakes cover about 75% of Earth
More informationChapter 3:Water and the Fitness of the Environment Wilkie South Fort Myers High School
Chapter 3:Water and the Fitness of the Environment Wilkie South Fort Myers High School 2015-2016 Water:A Prime Example of Emergent Properties Water is ubiquitous (all around us) and is essential for biological
More informationREVIEW: Water Structure
REVIEW: Water Structure A water molecule consists of 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen atom, hence H 2 O. Electrons are shared through polar covalent bonding between the atoms. REVIEW: Water molecules can form hydrogen
More informationEnvironmental Engineering-I
Environmental Engineering-I Prof. Dr. Muhammad Zulfiqar Ali Khan Engr. Muhammad Aboubakar Farooq Department of Civil Engineering The University of Lahore 1 Water Pollution Water Chemistry & its Characteristics.
More informationWater and the Fitness of the Environment
Chapter 3 Water and the Fitness of the Environment PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions
More informationChapter 2 The Chemical Basis of Life
Chapter 2 The Chemical Basis of Life PowerPoint Lectures for Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, Seventh Edition Reece, Taylor, Simon, and Dickey Lecture by Edward J. Zalisko Figure 2.0_2 Chapter
More informationChapter 2 The Chemical Basis of Life
Chapter 2 The Chemical Basis of Life Figure 2.0_2 Chapter 2: Big Ideas PowerPoint Lectures for Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, Seventh Edition Reece, Taylor, Simon, and Dickey Elements, Atoms,
More informationThe Extraordinary Properties of Water
The Extraordinary Properties of Water Chemical Elements and Water Elements Substances that cannot be broken down into different components by chemical means Atoms The smallest particle of an element, Protons
More informationName Biology Chapter 2 Note-taking worksheet
Name Biology Chapter 2 Note-taking worksheet The Nature of Matter 1. Life depends on Atoms 1. The study of chemistry starts with the basic unit of matter, the. 2. The atom was first used by the Greek philosopher
More informationUnit 1 ~ Learning Guide
Unit 1 ~ Learning Guide Name: INSTRUCTIONS Complete the following notes and questions as you work through the related lessons. You are required to have this package completed BEFORE you write your unit
More informationWater and the Fitness of the Environment
Chapter 3 Water and the Fitness of the Environment Edited by Shawn Lester PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin
More informationChapter 2 The Chemistry of Life. 2.1 The nature of matter
Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Life 2.1 The nature of matter Atoms make up all matter Composed of three parts: Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons Protons and Neutrons are found in the atom s neucleus Electrons
More informationChapter 3: Water and Life
Chapter : Water and Life AP Biology 1 Water Molecule Molecule that supports all life Biological medium on Earth All living organisms require water more than any other substance The only common substance
More informationCHEMICAL COMPOUNDS. There are 92 different elements that occur naturally on the earth. The 3 most common elements in the Human Body are:
BIOLOGY 12 CEMICAL COMPOUNDS NAME: CELL COMPOUNDS TE CEMICAL COMPONENTS OF MATTER To understand the nature of the substances found in cells, it is necessary to be familiar with the substances that make
More informationProperties of Water. p. 53 in ILL
Properties of Water p. 53 in ILL Water Water is an amazing substance with many unique properties and is vital for the survival of living things and necessary for many different functions on our planet.
More informationBiology. Slide 1 of 40. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Biology 1 of 40 2-1 The Nature of Matter 2 of 40 2-1 The Nature of Matter Atoms Atoms The study of chemistry begins with the basic unit of matter, the atom. 3 of 40 2-1 The Nature of Matter Atoms Placed
More informationChapter 2 The Chemistry of Life
Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Life The Water - polarity H 2 O is a polar A water is polar because there is an uneven distribution of electrons between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms. Water Sec. 2-2 Properties
More informationLECTURE PRESENTATIONS
LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 3 Water and Life Lectures by Erin
More informationAtoms. - Proton - Neutron. - Electron
Chemistry of Life Atoms - The basic unit of matter is called an Atom - Atoms are incredibly small, but despite its extremely small size, an atom contains subatomic particles that are even smaller - Three
More informationChapter 2 Chemistry of Life
Chapter 2 Chemistry of Life 1 21- Atoms, Ions and Molecules An Atom is the smallest basic unit of matter. All atoms share the same basic structure. 2 Atoms consist of three types of particles: Protons,
More informationmay contain one or more neutrons
Biology 115 Fall 2001 Campos/Saupe Atoms and Molecules I. Introduction - living things are composed of the same chemical elements as the nonliving world and obey the same physical and chemical laws - living
More informationProperties of Atoms Watch: http://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/introduction-to-theatom/v/introduction-to-the-atom Write down and define the following vocabulary words (you may use ch. 2.1 of your
More informationChapter 02 The Chemistry of Life
Chapter 02 The Chemistry of Life Multiple Choice Questions 1. The nucleus of an atom is composed of two subatomic particles, and. A. protons; neutrons B. protons; electrons C. neutrons; electrons Protons
More informationDo Now: Pick up notes, article, worksheet, foil + toothpick & copy down table of contents
Do Now: Pick up notes, article, worksheet, foil + toothpick & copy down table of contents Wait for Ms. Greco to come around and spray your foil See if you can connect all of the water droplets using a
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Biology Life on Earth 11th Edition Audesirk TEST BANK Full clear download (no formatting errors) at: https://testbankreal.com/download/biology-life-earth-11th-edition-audesirk-test-bank/ Biology Life on
More informationChapter 2. The Chemical Basis of Life. Lecture by Richard L. Myers
Chapter 2 The Chemical Basis of Life PowerPoint Lectures for Biology: Concepts & Connections, Sixth Edition Campbell, Reece, Taylor, Simon, and Dickey Lecture by Richard L. Myers Introduction: Who Tends
More informationWater and Life 4/10/12. Chapter 3. Overview: The Molecule That Supports All of Life
Chapter 3 LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Water and Life Overview: The
More informationLECTURE PRESENTATIONS
LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 3 Water and Life Lectures by Erin
More informationThe Chemistry of Seawater. Unit 3
The Chemistry of Seawater Unit 3 Water occurs naturally on earth in 3 phases: solid, liquid, or gas (liquid is most abundant) Water Phases Basic Chemistry Review What is an atom? Smallest particles of
More informationBiochemistry. The study of chemical processes in living organisms. Introduction to Chemistry Properties of Water Acids and Bases.
Biochemistry The study of chemical processes in living organisms. Introduction to Chemistry Properties of Water Acids and Bases Chemistry Of Life Matter Everything living AND non living is made up of matter.
More informationWhat makes water so special?
What makes water so special? Water A water molecule (H 2 O), is made up of three atoms --- one oxygen and two hydrogen. H O H Atom review Bonding review Animations on atomic bonding So what makes water
More informationUNIT 10: Water. Essential Idea(s): Water is the medium of life. IB Assessment Statements
UNIT 10: Water Name: Essential Idea(s): Water is the medium of life. IB Assessment Statements 2.2.U1 2.2.NOS 2.2.U2 2.2.A1 2.2.A2 2.2.U3 2.2.A3 Water molecules are polar and hydrogen bonds form between
More information2.1 The Nature of Matter
2.1 The Nature of Matter Lesson Objectives Identify the three subatomic particles found in atoms. Explain how all of the isotopes of an element are similar and how they are different. Explain how compounds
More informationWHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW:
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW: Examples of endergonic and exergonic reactions. The key role of ATP in energy coupling. That enzymes work by lowering the energy of activation. The catalytic cycle of an enzyme that
More informationChemistry 6/15/2015. Outline. Why study chemistry? Chemistry is the basis for studying much of biology.
Chemistry Biology 105 Lecture 2 Reading: Chapter 2 (pages 20-29) Outline Why study chemistry??? Elements Atoms Periodic Table Electrons Bonding Bonds Covalent bonds Polarity Ionic bonds Hydrogen bonding
More informationThe Properties of Water
The Properties of Water Water has many unique properties that allow it to support life on earth. Water is so important to life that scientists look for water on other planets to determine if that planet
More information8/24/2018. Bio 1101 Lecture 2 (guided) Chapters 2: Essential Chemistry. Chapter 2: Essential Chemistry for Biology
1 2 3 4 5 Bio 1101 Lecture 2 (guided) Chapters 2: Essential Chemistry Chapter 2: Essential Chemistry for Biology Levels of biological organization Ecosystem (e.g. savanna) Community (e.g. the organisms
More informationLife is a chemical process
CHEMISTRY FOR LIFE Life is a chemical process Relies on and is subject to chemistry Must obey the laws of physics Biologists study Chemistry because all living things are made of matter. Matter undergoes
More informationWater & Ocean Structure. Ch. 6
Water & Ocean Structure Ch. 6 Wonderful Water 70% of Earth covered in H 2 O 70% of your body is H 2 O You die in ~3-5 days without H 2 O Regulates Coastal Temperatures What is Water? Matter: has mass,
More informationChemistry. Biology 105 Lecture 2 Reading: Chapter 2 (pages 20-29)
Chemistry Biology 105 Lecture 2 Reading: Chapter 2 (pages 20-29) Outline Why study chemistry??? Elements Atoms Isotopes Periodic Table Electrons Bonding Bonds Covalent bonds Polarity Ionic bonds Hydrogen
More informationElectrons In an electrically neutral atom, positive charges of protons are balanced by the negative charges of electrons. Orbital is the volume of spa
Outline Basic Chemistry Chapter 2 Chemical Elements Atoms Isotopes Molecules and Compounds Chemical Bonding Ionic and Covalent Acids and Bases Chemical Elements Matter refers to anything that has mass
More informationChapter 3 Water and the Fitness of the Environment Lecture Outline
Chapter 3 Water and the Fitness of the Environment Lecture Outline Overview: The Molecule That Supports All of Life Because water is the substance that makes life possible on Earth, astronomers hope to
More information