Crystallography Picture Book
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1 Steffen Weber's Crystallography Picture Book 02 Nanotubes & Nanocones
2 Preface This is the first in a series of picture books that I plan to create for educational purposes. All images in this volume were created using the program NanotubeModeler from JCrystalSoft. A free version of this program can be downloaded at My earliest implementation of routines for the creation and visualization of nanotubes and nanocones was realized in JSV (Java Structure Viewer), a program which I wrote while working at NIRIM in Japan. Later I wrote a Java Applet version on the request of Dr. Jeremy Sloan. This year I finally wrote NanotubeModeler as a stand-alone Windows application on the request of my former collegue Dr. Paul Dennig who is now working for Ahwahnee Technology. The nanogeometries are created by first generating a flat graphene sheet and then rolling it into a tube or a cone. Two types of nanotubes can be capped with parts of the well-known Buckyball (C60). These are the {5,5} and the {9,0} tubes, which have a suitable diameter of about 6.9 Å. Nanotubes are identified by their chiral indices {m,n}. One distinguishes between armchair structures (n=m), zig-zag structures (n=0) and chiral structures. Nanocones are characterized by the disclination angle, which corresponds to the part that is removed from the flat sheet before rolling it into a cone. Steffen Weber, Ph.D. December 10, 2004 Livermore, California
3 Capped {5,5} Tube Carbon Nanotube Armchair structure with Bucky-ball caps
4 Capped {5,5} Tube Carbon Nanotube Armchair structure with Bucky-ball caps Length ~25 Å, Diameter ~6.75 Å
5 Capped {9,0} Tube Carbon Nanotube Zigzag structure with Bucky-ball caps
6 Capped {9,0} Tube Carbon Nanotube Armchair structure with Bucky-ball caps Length ~25 Å, Diameter ~6.99 Å
7 Inside Capped {9,0} Tube Inside a capped {9,0} nanotube
8 Bucky-Ball (C60) A Buckyball, the well-known Fullerene with icosahedral symmetry. Two different sections of the Buckyball can be used to cap the {5,5} and {9,0} nanotubes.
9 {10,0} Nanotube Zig-zag structure Length ~19 Å, Diameter ~7.77 Å
10 {10,10} Nanotube Armchair structure Length ~25 Å, Diameter ~ Å
11 {10,0} Graphene Sheet Zig-zag structure This sheet can be rolled into a {10,0} nanotube
12 {10,10} Graphene Sheet Armchair structure This sheet can be rolled into a {10,10} nanotube
13 {14,5} BN-Nanotube Chiral Boron-Nitride nanotube Length ~30 Å, Diameter ~13.26 Å
14 {14,5} BN-Sheet Chiral structure This sheet can be rolled into a {14,5} nanotube
15 Inside {14,5} Nanotube Inside a bent {14,5} nanotube
16 MWCNT A multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) {7,0}, {10,0}, {13,0} and {16,0} tubes
17 {7,0} Nanotube Bundle A bundle of seven {7,0} single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT)
18 {7,3} Nanotube Bundle A bundle of seven {7,3} nanotubes
19 Inside {5,3} Nanotube Looking inside a bundle of {5,3} nanotubes
20 60 - Nanocone Disclination angle 60 Cone height 20 Å
21 60 - Nanocone Sheet Disclination angle 60 Creates a cone of height 20 Å
22 120 - Nanocone Disclination angle 120 Cone height 30 Å
23 120 - Nanocone Sheet Disclination angle 120 Creates a cone of height 20 Å
24 180 - Nanocone Disclination angle 180 Cone height 30 Å
25 180 - Nanocone Sheet Disclination angle 180 Creates a cone of height 20 Å
26 240 - Nanocone Disclination angle 240 Cone height 30 Å
27 240 - Nanocone Sheet Disclination angle 240 Creates a cone of height 30 Å
28 300 - Nanocone Stack Disclination angle 300 Four cones of height 30 Å
29 300 - Nanocone Stack Disclination angle 300 Four cones of height 40 Å
30 Nanocone Stereo Pair Disclination angle 240, Cone height 20 Å, Stereo view (relaxed-eye view) This image was created with JPOWD from MDI (
31 Nanotube Stereo Pair A bent capped {5,5} nanotube in stereo view (relaxed-eye view). This image was created with JPOWD from MDI (
32 Disclaimer I have tried to implement the geometry-generating routines to the best of my knowledge. However, errors in my computer programs may sometimes occur. If you think you found an error please let me know so I can fix it. Please feel free to contact me with suggestions for improvements and additions to these picture books. You may contact me via at: steffenweber@comcast.net You may also visit some older galleries of mine at: jcrystal.com/steffenweber/gallery/nanotubes/nanotubes.html jcrystal.com/steffenweber/gallery/nanotubes/nanocones.html - This Volume Ends Here -
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