Flare-related radio emission: a kinetic point of view
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1 Flare-related radio emission: a kinetic point of view Carine Briand Paris Observatory, LESIA & Co-workers Pierre HENRI, LPC2E, France Francesco Califano, Pisa Univ., Italy IAU GA Hawaii - Division E session /08/10
2 Eruptive
3 Fundamental of beam plasma interaction Suprathermal electrons: free energy for plasma instability (bump-on-tail) Growth of Langmuir waves (local plasma frequency - plasma density) Non Linear Saturation and generation of EM emissions (resonant and parametric (threshold) processes) Electromagnetic Decay L T fp + LF Electrostatic Decay & coupling L L + LF L + L T 2 fp Lowest threshold
4 Solar radio emissions STEREO B STEREO A 2.5kHz 1 MHz 10 MHz 10 MHz 1 MHz Flare-related Type III burst CME-related Type II bursts IP-loops Type III storms 2.5kHz 00:00 03:00 06:00 09:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00 24:00
5 Fundamental of Langmuir ω electrostatic decay L S L k L L + LF L + L T 2 fp LF = Ion Acoustic Waves in situ observation Kinetic simulations
6 Before STEREO spectrum: simultaneous observations of high (~fp) and low (~1kHz) frequency waves phase information lost waveform: only access to the high frequency (too short time waveforms) - only two axes phase information
7 Before STEREO spectrum: simultaneous observations of high (~fp) and low (~1kHz) frequency waves phase information lost waveform: only access to the high frequency (too short time waveforms) - only two axes phase information From STEREO waveforms we can access - simultaneously to the high & low frequency signals - 3D structures of the waves (3 antennas)
8 A case study Langmuir decay & wave coupling process confirmed from observations & simulations Henri P., Briand C., Mangeney A., JGR, A03103, 2009 Henri P., Califano F., Briand C., Mangeney A., JGR, A06106, 2010
9 STEREO Jan Langmuir waves (at fp) Electromagnetic emission (at 2fp)
10 Check of the fundamental laws: 1 - Energy & Momentum conservation Theory: ω = ω L L!! k L = k L + ω IAW + k! AW Observed: f L Doppler = f L + k! L 2π V!" sw The frequency condition for resonance f L = f L + f IAW checks simultaneously the two conservation laws (energy & momentum)
11 Check of the fundamental laws: 1 - Energy & Momentum conservation Theory: ω = ω L L!! k L = k L + ω IAW + k! AW fiaw Observed: f L Doppler = f L + k! L 2π V!" sw The frequency condition for resonance f L = f L + f IAW fl fl checks simultaneously the two conservation laws (energy & momentum) Δf
12 Check of the fundamental laws: 1 - Energy & Momentum conservation Theory: ω = ω L L!! k L = k L + ω IAW + k! AW fiaw=δf Observed: f L Doppler = f L + k! L 2π V!" sw The frequency condition for resonance f L = f L + f IAW fl fl checks simultaneously the two conservation laws (energy & momentum) Δf
13 Check of the fundamental laws: 1 - Energy & Momentum conservation From all the Langmuir events of the Type III burst of January 2007 from STA & STB (still close) Fastest electrons: km/s ~0.13c
14 Check of the fundamental laws: 2 - Phase locking Bicoherence analysis - measures the stationarity of the relative phase of the waves - statistical method: must be applied to a large set of waveforms From 14 spectra of a same Type III simultaneously analyzed
15 Amplitude threshold reached? What the simulation says Vlasov-Poisson 1D-1V electrostatic, Periodic conditions
16 Langmuir Electrostatic Decay: new threshold for non monochromatic waves Δ (wave-packets of width ) Umeda (2007) Umeda & Ito (2008) Tp/Te=0.1 Tp/Te=1 E thres LED = 6k L ΓΔ 1 β 1 α Growth rate γ = ΓE α β LED L k L Henri, Califano, Briand, Mangeney, JGR, 2010
17 Langmuir Electrostatic Decay: Observations fit between the thresholds Henri, Califano, Briand, Mangeney, JGR, 2010
18 A second case Parametric (threshold) process Phase coherency importance Briand C., Henri P., Hoang S., JGR 2014
19 July 18, Start of a first beam (01:38) - LW detected at 03:17; slow beam (0.09c) 2 Start of a second beam (01:47) - LW detected at 02:42; fast beam (0.16c) At the time the two beams intersect (4), decrease of the Type III intensity
20 L L +IAW Compatible with the EM observations δn/n~ϵl / ϵth,e Level of density fluctuation as expected when associated with Langmuir decay In situ signatures compatible with Langmuir decay
21 Vlasov Simulations Slow beam only Fast beam only Two beams
22 Sum of two isolated beams Interaction of two beams decay-produced density fluctuations: proxy of the efficiency of the Langmuir decay
23 Screening of the fast beam by the presence of the slow beam Less electric energy conversion Lower level of LW Lower level of EM Beam-driven Langmuir waves generation is less efficient: whatever the ES to EM conversion mechanism, as long a it depends on the beam-driven Langmuir waves amplitude, production of the EM drops
24 With two beams, the level of density fluctuations is always smaller than the contribution with individual beams Not only the fast-beam-driven LW are affected by the presence of the slow beam. slow-beam-driven LW generation is also disturbed 1 Threshold process even a small decrease of the mother LW energy can make the process inefficient 2 Coherent process Phase beating between 3 waves. Ease if kiaw kl,l. With 2 beams, larger spectrum of k: reduction of the phase locking - seen in the δn/n proxy δn/n
25 Conclusions
26 Strongest solar radio emissions depend on electrostatic waves produced by electron beams First time the fundamental laws can be checked. Not only Langmuir wave amplitude is of importance but also the coherence between the waves Langmuir decay threshold compatible with observations (new theoretical threshold) A good way to transfer energy from high to low frequencies NEXT
27 Vlasov 1D1V, 2D-2V Parametric decay in 2D, inhomogeneous plasma Coupling with lower frequency waves (transfer of energy - turbulent cascade) Labs experiments (laser facilities) Laser plasma interaction (Stimulated Raman Scattering) T fp L + LF Tp/Te and kλd: comparable
28 CDPP to access a database with ALL Langmuir observations of STEREO ( ) CDPP : Centre de Données de Physique des Plasmas / Center of Plasma Physics Data Open on Oct. 1st
29 PAU & MAHALO
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