ALGINATE MICRO-BIOREACTORS DELIVERING PROTEINS: AN EXAMPLE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
|
|
- Anabel Dickerson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ALGINATE MICRO-BIOREACTORS DELIVERING PROTEINS: AN EXAMPLE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM Chen, Guisang Daphne and Wang, Chi-Hwa Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 1 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore Introduction In this project, a novel treatment concept against brain tumors is proposed. It comprises of alginate bioreactors encapsulating PEX protein which secretes QM7 cells with anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor properties. These can be implanted intracranially. Focus would be placed on the egress of a similar protein, carbonic anhydrase(cab). QM7 cells are able to survive through a long period of time even in low level of serum, while sustaining protein production to achieve therapeutic effects. These micro-beads consist of an alginate core, coacervated by chitosan, and crosslinked with genipin. They would resemble a core-shell structure under confocal laser scanning microscope. A model of the core-shell structure is illustrated in Figure 1 below. Figure 1: Illustration on a genipin cross-linked alginate-chitosan micro-bead Permeability of the membrane would allow efficient inward diffusion of nutrients and oxygen, egress waste to sustain cell proliferation, permit outward diffusion of secreted proteins into the target site and provide immunoisolation to avoid inflammatory reactions. It can be controlled by the extent of covalent bonding with genipin. Electrohydrodynamic Atomization (EHDA) process would be used to fabricate the alginate beads since it can provide greater control over particle size, distribution and morphology of the beads. In the scope of this project, extensive optimization study has been done to customize the sizes of GCCA (Genipin-Crosslinked-Chitosan- Alginate) micro-beads into 3 different groups (00μm, 500μm and 1000μm) by adjusting operating conditions of EHDA. These three groups of micro-beads are further subjected to 3 different lengths of reaction time with genipin (6hours, 1hours and 18 hours) as shown below. Reaction time with Genipin /hrs Diameters of micro-particles /μm
2 Table 1: Labels of the 9 groups of micro-beads. The objective of the study is to characterise the mass transfer of CAB with respect to the various sizes and membrane thicknesses of the solid core micro-beads. Materials and Methods Materials used The materials used in the experiment are Sodium Alginate of low viscosity (Lot 03K0191) and Carbonic Anhydrase (Lot 058K1031) purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Calcium Chloride Dehydrate purchased from Merck KGaA, Chitosan 5 (Lot TSQ4638) and Genipin (Lot PEJ5398) purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industry Ltd, and Sterican (by Braun) needle (G), which was used as the nozzle. Fabrication of micro-beads Calcium-alginate core 1.5% weight by volume sodium alginate solution was prepared by dissolving 0.375g of low viscosity sodium alginate powder in 5ml of deionized (DI) water through means of sonication for 100 hours. Sodium alginate solution was filtered and dripped into % CaCl solution using EHDA setup shown below. Figure : EHDA set-up The various EHDA conditions for the different particle sizes were set as follows: Size of particles/microns V nozzle /kv V ring /kv Flow-rate/ (ml/hr) Table : EHDA operating conditions. 10mg/ml of chitosan was stirred mechanically with 11mg/ml of CaCl in 1% acetic acid, and ph of the solution is adjusted to using 1M NaOH solution. ph of the solution was measured using a ph meter at room temperature. Micro-beads are separated from CaCl gelling bath by filtering out CaCl solution. These microbeads are subsequently thoroughly washed with deionized water. Micro-beads were added into the Petri-dish
3 containing 30ml of chitosan/cacl /acetic acid solution. The petri dishes are placed on the shaker for 15minutes (00μm micro-beads) or 30 minutes (500μm or 1000μm micro-particles). 30ml of chitosan/cacl /acetic acid solution was added to ensure chitosan was supplied in excess for consistency. Thereafter, micro-beads are washed thoroughly using deionized water to remove traces of chitosan on the surface. Cross-linking of chitosan with genipin 5mg/ml genipin solution was prepared by dissolving genipin powder into deionized water through means of sonication for 1 hour. Micro-beads were added into the Petri-dish containing 30ml of genipin solution. The petri-dishes are placed inside the incubator with conditions of 37 o C and 100 rpm for the various desired lengths of reaction time (6hours, 1hours and 18hours). 30ml of genipin solution added in is in excess to ensure the reaction proceeds in a time-dependent manner. Mass transfer study Preparation of micro-tubes Micro-beads of the various sizes with the various incubation hours were collected and transferred to1.5ml micro-tube. Sufficient 1.7mg/ml CAB solution was added to the micro-tube to ensure a 1:1 ratio of volume of micro-particles to volume of CAB solution. Ingress of CAB PBS solution was used as blank in the mass transfer study. CAB solution was sampled and its protein concentration is measured using Protein A80 module in Nanodrop Concentration of the CAB solution was recorded as the initial concentration of the solution outside the micro-beads in the micro-tube. The solution outside the micro-particles was sampled and its relative concentration was noted after equilibrium is reached. Egress of CAB Similar to ingress of CAB, the concentrations of the solution outside the micro-particles in the micro-tube could be noted using Protein A80 module in Nanodrop A syringe was used to remove all the CAB solution in the micro-tube. Sufficient PBS solution was added to the micro-tube to ensure a 1:1 ratio of volume of microparticles to volume of PBS solution. Initial concentration of the solution outside the micro-particles in the micro-tube was taken to be 0mg/ml for all samples. Diffusion of CAB out of the micro-particles was investigated by shaking the micro-tubes at 37 o C, 100 rpm during a one hour period. The solution outside the micro-particles was sampled in 0.5 th, 1 st, nd, 3 rd, 5 th, 8 th, 10 th, 15 th, 0 th, 30 th, 45 th, 60 th minute, with their relative concentrations recorded.
4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Governing equation for mass transfer The following equation is used for curve fitting as the governing equation accounting for the egress of CAB (1) Where, is the protein concentration in the dispersing medium at time t (mg/ml), Assumptions is the protein concentration in the dispersing medium at the equilibrium state (mg/ml), is the characteristic time (min), and t is the time (min). 1. The interior of the microbeads can be assumed to be well mixed with identical solute concentration, C everywhere within the microbeads at any time.. No marker adsorption on the surface of the microbeads. Determination of τ τ is the characteristic time which can be expressed as: () It can be observed from equation () that the diffusion constant, D m, is inversely proportional to the characteristic time, τ, and directly proportional to the radius, r, and thickness of the membrane, l. Matlab provides a curve fitting toolbox that can be used to determine τ. Therefore, the experimental data is entered into Matlab. A graph of / against t is plotted and is fitted with equation (1). From this curve fitting toolbox, τ and R can be obtained in which R will show the goodness of the fit of equation (1) for the experimental data obtained τ (min) R Discussion on τ values obtained Table 3: Values of τ and R for Egress of CAB Studies has shown that the greater the duration of cross-linking of chitosan with genipin, the denser the cross-linking of the chitosan-genipin membranes on the micro-beads will be. With denser cross-linked membrane, diffusion coefficient will be lower and thus, τ will be higher. This is correctly reflected in most of the data obtained, except for micro-beads 51. This could be due to experimental errors due to the NanoDrop equipment or the sample used in this particular study is not of the correct size or the sample has a very wide size
5 distribution. Several readings should be taken while using the NanoDrop equipment so as to reduce random errors. Discussion on R values obtained R values obtained are useful for evaluating the goodness of fit of equation (1) for the experimental data obtained. The closer the R value obtained is to 1, the better the obtained data is described by equation (1). From Table 3, it can be observed that most of the τ values for the egress for CAB have R values that are close to 1, reflecting reasonable accuracy in the τ values obtained from Matlab. However, this is not true for micro-beads with size of 1000 microns. Discussion on the micro-beads with size of 1000 microns It was hypothesized that the core resistance of the largest micro-particles among the samples has a significant effect on the egress of CAB due to their large core. Therefore, samples of 1000 microns sized micro-beads without membranes were formed and tested. The results obtained are as follows: Cs(t)/ mg/ml t/min Figure : C s (t)/ mg/ml versus t/min for 1000 microns micro-particles without membrane The non-linear graph above proves that the hypothesis is right that the core resistance of 1000 microns size micro-particles caused the data of the egress of CAB for micro-particles with 1000microns size to be poorly described by equation (1), resulting in R values obtained to deviate from 1 significantly. On the other hand, while there are still core resistance effects on the micro-particles with 00 and 500 microns sizes, they do not cause the R values to differ from 1 by a large extent as the size of the micro-particles are relatively much smaller than the 1000microns sized ones. This is because smaller micro-particles have smaller cores, and thus smaller and less significant core resistances. Conclusion In the scope of this project, main interests have been developed to characterise the mass transfer of CAB with respect to the various sizes and membrane cross-linking densities of the solid core micro-beads. This aim has been achieved by finding the characteristic time, τ, and R values from the experimental results obtained for the egress of CAB. In addition, efforts also have been made to further study on the exceptional results obtained for the micro-particles of 1000microns in size. It can be inferred that from the results of mass transfer study, 506 is deemed most suitable for cell encapsulation based on its best fit to theoretical equation (1). Future study could be made to explore on the use of liquid alginate core. This may eliminate the core resistance factor affecting the egress of CAB.
6 Acknowledgements This work was supported by BMRC grant (R ). I thank the colleagues and collaborators who have contributed to the development of this work and Mr. Sudhir Ranganath who has reviewed the manuscript. References 1. Insight into permeability of protein through microcapsule membranes Journal of Membrane Science, Volume 69, Issues 1-, 1 February 006, Pages Wentao Qi, Juan Ma, Yingwei Liu, Xiudong Liu, Ying Xiong, Yubing Xie, Xiaojun Ma. Permeability of azo-dye through poly(urea-urethane) microcapsule membrane Journal of Membrane Science, Volume 13, Issues 1-, 1 March 003, Pages 5-31 Takashi Sato, Takao Yamamoto, Seiji Shibako, Kimio Ichikawa, Toshiaki Dobashi
Drug Delivery with Alginate Dr. J. Vernengo and Dr. S. Farrell
Objectives Drug Delivery with Alginate Dr. J. Vernengo and Dr. S. Farrell Define a hydrogel. Define the chemical structure and ionic crosslinking of alginate to form hydrogels. Discuss the role of hydrogels
More informationHigh-Purity Separation of Gold Nanoparticle Dimers and Trimers
-Supporting Information- High-Purity Separation of Gold Nanoparticle Dimers and Trimers Gang Chen, Yong Wang, Li Huey Tan, Miaoxin Yang, Lee Siew Tan, Yuan Chen and Hongyu Chen* Division of Chemistry and
More informationIn Situ Gelation-Induced Death of Cancer Cells Based on Proteinosomes
Supporting information for In Situ Gelation-Induced Death of Cancer Cells Based on Proteinosomes Yuting Zhou, Jianmin Song, Lei Wang*, Xuting Xue, Xiaoman Liu, Hui Xie*, and Xin Huang* MIIT Key Laboratory
More informationSolution-processable graphene nanomeshes with controlled
Supporting online materials for Solution-processable graphene nanomeshes with controlled pore structures Xiluan Wang, 1 Liying Jiao, 1 Kaixuan Sheng, 1 Chun Li, 1 Liming Dai 2, * & Gaoquan Shi 1, * 1 Department
More informationSUPPORTING INFORMATION
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Nanoscale. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 SUPPORTING INFORMATION Materials Graphite powder (SP-1 graphite) was obtained from Bay carbon.
More informationMovement of Molecules Biology Concepts of Biology 3.1
Movement of Molecules Biology 100 - Concepts of Biology 3.1 Name Instructor Lab Section Objectives: To gain an understanding of: The basic principles of osmosis and diffusion Brownian motion The effects
More informationStructural effects on catalytic activity of carbon-supported magnetite. nanocomposites in heterogeneous Fenton-like reactions
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for RSC Advances. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Supplementary Information Structural effects on catalytic activity of carbon-supported magnetite
More informationEncapsulation of enzyme in metal ion-surfactant nanocomposites for
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for ChemComm. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Supporting information for Encapsulation of enzyme in metal ion-surfactant nanocomposites for catalysis
More informationELECTRONIC SUPPLMENTARY INFORMATION (ESI) Doubly crosslinked microgel-colloidosomes: a versatile
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for ChemComm. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 1 ELECTRONIC SUPPLMENTARY INFORMATION (ESI) Doubly crosslinked microgel-colloidosomes: a versatile
More informationIDENTIFICATION OF STEROIDS IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS BY TLC AND HPLC 1 02/12/2005 ACM 007 A. THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY (TLC)
Document A. THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY (TLC) 1. SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION The method describes the identification of hydrocortisone acetate, dexamethasone, betamethasone, betamethasone 17-valerate
More informationElectronic Supplementary Information
Electronic Supplementary Information Polymer-coated spherical mesoporous silica for ph-controlled delivery of insulin Sae Rom Choi a,, Dong-jin Jang b,, Sanghyun Kim a, Sunhyung An c, Jinwoo Lee c, Euichaul
More informationMathematical Modeling and Simulation of Drug Release from Microparticles
Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of Drug Release from Microparticles Qin H. 1 and Wang C.H. 2 Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive
More informationProtocol for Coating QD-COOH on glass slides Chris Ochs 19/09/12 Modified by Kathy Lu 2/27/2013
Protocol for Coating QD-COOH on glass slides cjochs@smart.mit.edu Chris Ochs 19/09/12 Modified by Kathy Lu 2/27/2013 kalu@ucsd.edu Cleaning glass slides prior to coupling and Amination with APTS (Aminopropyl
More informationProduction of particle powder for inhalation process and controlled release of drugs
Production of particles used to inhalation process and controlled release of drugs Proceedings of European Congress of Chemical Engineering (ECCE-6) Copenhagen, 16-20 September 2007 Production of particle
More informationProbing the Kinetics of Ligand Exchange on Colloidal Gold. Nanoparticles by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering
-Supporting Information- Probing the Kinetics of Ligand Exchange on Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Yuhua Feng, Shuangxi Xing, Jun Xu, Hong Wang, Jun Wei Lim, and Hongyu
More informationSupplementary Information
Supplementary Information Fabrication of Novel Rattle-Type Magnetic Mesoporous carbon Microspheres for Removal of Microcystins Xinghua Zhang and Long Jiang* Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science
More informationElectron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy analysis using the spin probe CPH
SOP: EPR spectroscopy analysis using the spin probe CPH Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy analysis using the spin probe CPH Date 28.01.2014 Version 1.0 English Contents 1 Scope 2 2 Basics
More informationA graphene oxide-based AIE biosensor with high selectivity toward bovine serum albumin
This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 11 Electronic Supplementary Information (ESI) A graphene oxide-based AIE biosensor with high selectivity toward bovine serum albumin Xiujuan Xu, a Jing Huang,
More informationAmplified electrochemiluminescent immunosensing using apoferritin-templated poly(ethylenimine) nanoparticles as co-reactant
Amplified electrochemiluminescent immunosensing using apoferritin-templated poly(ethylenimine) nanoparticles as co-reactant Ni Liao, Ying Zhuo, Yaqin Chai, Yun Xiang, Yaling Cao, Ruo Yuan, Jing Han Education
More informationFabrication and characterization of poly (ethylene oxide) templated nickel oxide nanofibers for dye degradation
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Environmental Science: Nano. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Supplementary Information Fabrication and characterization of poly (ethylene
More informationEvolution of Solid Phase Homochirality for a. Proteinogenic Amino Acid
Supporting Information Evolution of Solid Phase Homochirality for a Proteinogenic Amino Acid Cristobal Viedma, 1 * José E. Ortiz, 2 Trinidad de Torres, 2 Toshiko Izumi, 3 Donna G. Blackmond 3.4 * 1 Departamento
More informationHybrid Gold Superstructures: Synthesis and. Specific Cell Surface Protein Imaging Applications
Supporting Information Hybrid Gold Nanocube@Silica@Graphene-Quantum-Dot Superstructures: Synthesis and Specific Cell Surface Protein Imaging Applications Liu Deng, Ling Liu, Chengzhou Zhu, Dan Li and Shaojun
More informationSupporting Information. Near infrared light-powered Janus mesoporous silica nanoparticle motors
Supporting Information Near infrared light-powered Janus mesoporous silica nanoparticle motors Mingjun Xuan,, Zhiguang Wu,, Jingxin Shao, Luru Dai, Tieyan Si,, * and Qiang He, * State Key Laboratory of
More informationPickering emulsion engineering: Fabrication of materials with multiple cavities
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for RSC Advances. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 014 Electronic Supplementary Infomaton Pickering emulsion engineering: Fabrication of materials
More informationChapter 2. Materials and Methods
Chapter 2 Materials and Methods 2. Materials and Methods This chapter describes the chemicals, reagents and instruments used for carrying out this study. A brief discussion of the methods used for the
More informationElectronic Supplementary Information. Facile Synthesis of Germanium-Graphene Nanocomposites. and Their Application as Anode Material for Lithium Ion
Supplementary Material (ESI) for CrystEngCommunity This journal is (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Electronic Supplementary Information Facile Synthesis of Germanium-Graphene Nanocomposites and
More informationA novel AgIO 4 semiconductor with ultrahigh activity in photodegradation of organic dyes: insights into the photosensitization mechanism
Supporting Information for: A novel AgIO 4 semiconductor with ultrahigh activity in photodegradation of organic dyes: insights into the photosensitization mechanism Jianting Tang*, Datang Li*, Zhaoxia
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Heteroaggregation of Graphene Oxide with Nanometer- and Micrometer-Sized Hematite Colloids: Influence on Nanohybrid Aggregation and Microparticle Sedimentation Yiping Feng, 1, 2,
More informationSupporting Information
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Chemical Communications. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Supporting Information Near-infrared Light Triggerable Deformation-free Polysaccharide
More informationenzymatic cascade system
Electronic Supplementary Information Fe 3 O 4 -Au@mesoporous SiO 2 microsphere: an ideal artificial enzymatic cascade system Xiaolong He, a,c Longfei Tan, a Dong Chen,* b Xiaoli Wu, a,c Xiangling Ren,
More informationSphere Scientific Corporation MonoPS Microspheres Our standard polystyrene microspheres are extremely uniform with an excellent lot-to-lot reproducibility. Those microspheres are mainly devoted to hydrophobic
More informationSupporting Information. Phenolic/resin assisted MOFs derived hierarchical Co/N-doping carbon
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry A. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry
More informationELECTROSPRAY: NOVEL FABRICATION METHOD FOR BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES FOR FURTHER APPLICATIONS IN DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
ELECTROSPRAY: NOVEL FABRICATION METHOD FOR BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES FOR FURTHER APPLICATIONS IN DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS Ali Zarrabi a, Manouchehr Vossoughi b a Institute for Nanscience & Nanotechnology,
More informationBis sulfone Reagents. Figure 1.
Bis sulfone Reagents An intact IgG molecule has four accessible inter chain disulfide bonds that can be reduced to form eight free cysteine thiols, which can serve as sites for conjugation. The reaction
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information A Low-Temperature Solid-Phase Method to Synthesize Highly Fluorescent Carbon Nitride Dots with Tunable Emission Juan Zhou, Yong Yang, and Chun-yang Zhang* Single-Molecule Detection
More informationEXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE The present experimentation is carried out on biosorption of chromium and lead from aqueous solutions by biosorbents Ageratum conyzoides leaf and Anacardium occidentale testa powder.
More informationNd 3+ -Sensitized Multicolor Upconversion Luminescence from A Sandwiched Core/Shell/Shell Nanostructure
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Nanoscale. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Supporting Information Nd 3+ -Sensitized Multicolor Upconversion Luminescence from A Sandwiched
More informationNucView TM 488 Caspase-3 Assay Kit for Live Cells
NucView TM 488 Caspase-3 Assay Kit for Live Cells Catalog Number: 30029 (100-500 assays) Contact Information Address: Biotium, Inc. 3423 Investment Blvd. Suite 8 Hayward, CA 94545 USA Telephone: (510)
More informationMagnetic Janus Nanorods for Efficient Capture, Separation. and Elimination of Bacteria
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for RSC Advances. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Magnetic Janus Nanorods for Efficient Capture, Separation and Elimination of Bacteria Zhi-min
More informationProtocol for 2D-E. Protein Extraction
Protocol for 2D-E Protein Extraction Reagent 1 inside the ReadyPrep TM Sequential Extraction kit (in powder form) 50ml of deionized water is used to dissolve all the Reagent 1. The solution is known as
More informationDiffusion through Membranes
Diffusion through Membranes Florida Sunshine State Standard Benchmark: SC.F.1.4.1 - Knows that the body processes involve specific biochemical reactions governed by biochemical principles. Overview: Diffusion
More informationA Computational Model of Vortex Ring Formation in Hydrogels
A Computational Model of Vortex Ring Formation in Hydrogels BEE/MAE 4530 Computer Aided Engineering: Applications to Biomedical Processes Shoshana Das Alyssa Fiore Dillon Hickman Varsha Vasthare Table
More informationINTRODUCTION bioactive compounds Pigmentation chromobacteria water soluble water insoluble
INTRODUCTION So far we have witnessed several useful applications of microbes including applications in food and the bioremediation of the environment. Besides consuming the desired substrate (oil) and
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Dual nanocomposite multihollow polymer microspheres prepared by suspension polymerization based on a multiple Pickering emulsion Quanxing Gao, Chaoyang Wang,* Hongxia Liu, Xinxing
More informationReactivities of Platinum Subnanocluster Catalysts for Oxidation
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for RSC Advances. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Electronic Supplementary Information for: Reactivities of Platinum Subnanocluster Catalysts
More informationSupporting Information for:
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Chemical Science. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Supporting Information for: Hydroxyl-Triggered Fluorescence for Location of Inorganic Materials
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Phenyl-Modified Carbon Nitride Quantum Dots with Distinct Photoluminescence Behavior Qianling Cui, Jingsan Xu,* Xiaoyu Wang, Lidong Li,* Markus Antonietti, and Menny Shalom anie_201511217_sm_miscellaneous_information.pdf
More informationFormation of Alginate-Membrane Capsules by using Co-Extrusion Dripping Technique
Formation of Alginate-Membrane Capsules by using Co-Extrusion Dripping Technique E.S. Chan*, W.O. Hong, B.B. Lee, Z.H. Yim, P. Ravindra Centre of Materials & Minerals, School of Engineering and Information
More informationSpectrum-resolved Dual-color Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay for Simultaneous Detection of Two Targets with Nanocrystals as Tags
Supporting Information Spectrum-resolved Dual-color Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay for Simultaneous Detection of Two Targets with Nanocrystals as Tags Guizheng Zou, *, Xiao Tan, Xiaoyan Long, Yupeng
More informationA. 50 mm Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Solution (SDS) (Prepare 10 ml in deionized water using Lauryl Sulfate, Sodium Salt, Sigma Prod. No. L-5750.
SIGMA QUALITY CONTROL TEST PROCEDURE Enzymatic Assay of PHOSPHOLIPASE D 1 (EC 3.1.4.4) PRINCIPLE: L-α-Phosphatidylcholine + 2H 2 O Phospholipase D > Choline + Phosphatidic Acid 2 Choline + O 2 Choline
More informationSwitching shape of hollow layer-by-layer hydrogel microcontainers
Electronic Supplementary Information Switching shape of hollow layer-by-layer hydrogel microcontainers Veronika Kozlovskaya, William Higgins, Jun Chen and Eugenia Kharlampieva* University of Alabama at
More informationMulti-stage hydrogel rockets with stage dropping-off by thermal/light stimulation
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry A. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Electronic Supplementary Information (ESI): Multi-stage hydrogel rockets
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Precisely Controllable Core-Shell Ag@Carbon Dots Nanoparticles: Application to in Situ Super-Sensitive Monitoring of Catalytic Reactions Jing Jin, Shoujun Zhu, Yubin Song, Hongyue
More informationDetermination of trace anions in concentrated hydrofluoric acid
APPLICATION NOTE 78 Determination of trace anions in concentrated hydrofluoric acid Authors Archava Siriraks Thermo Fisher Scientific, Sunnyvale, CA Keywords HF, ICS-5000 +, IonPac AS10, IonPac AC10, ion
More informationph Measurement and its Applications
ph Measurement and its Applications Objectives: To measure the ph of various solutions using indicators and ph meters. To perform a ph titration. To create and study buffer solutions. To determine the
More informationSupporting Information
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for ChemComm. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Supporting Information Self-Sacrificial Template-Induced Modulation of Conjugated Microporous Polymer
More informationKing Saud University College of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutics. Biopharmaceutics PHT 414. Laboratory Assignments 2010 G 1431 H
King Saud University College of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutics Biopharmaceutics PHT 414 Laboratory Assignments 20 G 1431 H Department of Pharmaceutics Biopharmaceutics PHT -414 Laboratory Assignments
More informationPrecision and accuracy of protein size determination using the ActiPix TDA200 Nano-Sizing System
Precision and accuracy of protein size determination using the ActiPix TDA200 Nano-Sizing System Keywords: Hydrodynamic radius, diffusion coefficient, sizing, Taylor dispersion analysis, protein, antibodies,
More informationSupporting Information. Temperature dependence on charge transport behavior of threedimensional
Supporting Information Temperature dependence on charge transport behavior of threedimensional superlattice crystals A. Sreekumaran Nair and K. Kimura* University of Hyogo, Graduate School of Material
More informationMicro-encapsulation using an oil-in-water-in-air "Dry Water Emulsion"
Micro-encapsulation using an oil-in-water-in-air "Dry Water Emulsion" Benjamin O. Carter, Jonathan V. M. Weaver, Weixing Wang, David G. Spiller, Dave J. Adams, and Andrew I. Cooper Supporting Information
More information- Supporting Information - Controlled Assembly of Eccentrically Encapsulated Gold Nanoparticles
- Supporting Information - S1 Controlled Assembly of Eccentrically Encapsulated Gold Nanoparticles Tao Chen, Miaoxin Yang, Xinjiao Wang, Li Huey Tan, Hongyu Chen* Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry,
More informationHigh-Performance Blend Membranes Composed of An Amphoteric Copolymer Containing Supramolecular Nanosieves for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
Electonic Supplementary Information (ESI) for Chemical Communications High-Performance Blend Membranes Composed of An Amphoteric Copolymer Containing Supramolecular Nanosieves for Direct Methanol Fuel
More informationEncapsulation of biological materials
Engineering Conferences International ECI Digital Archives Design and Manufacture of Functional Microcapsules and Engineered Products Proceedings 4-5-2016 Encapsulation of biological materials Alexander
More informationSupporting Information. Graphene Oxide-Palladium Modified Ag-AgBr: A Novel Visible-Light- Responsive Photocatalyst for the Suzuki Coupling Reaction**
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for RSC Advances. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Supporting Information Graphene Oxide-Palladium Modified Ag-AgBr: A Novel Visible-Light- Responsive
More informationSupporting Information. CdS/mesoporous ZnS core/shell particles for efficient and stable photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under visible light
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Energy & Environmental Science. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Supporting Information CdS/mesoporous ZnS core/shell particles for efficient
More informationSOLUBILITIES OF NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS IN SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE
SOLUBILITIES OF NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS IN SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE Ming-Jer Lee*, Cheng-Chou Tsai, Ho-mu Lin Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science
More informationSupporting Information. Controlled mineralization by extracellular matrix: monodisperse, colloidal stable calcium phosphate-hyaluronan
Supporting Information Controlled mineralization by extracellular matrix: monodisperse, colloidal stable calcium phosphate-hyaluronan hybrid nanospheres Zhenhua Chen, a Huihui Zhou, b Xiaoliang Wang, a
More informationSupernatant: The liquid layer lying above the solid layer after a precipitation reaction occurs.
Limiting Reagent Introduction The quantities of substances involved in a chemical reaction represented by a balanced equation are often referred to as stoichiometric amounts. Solution stoichiometry is
More informationSupporting Information. for. Advanced Materials, adma Wiley-VCH 2006
Supporting Information for Advanced Materials, adma.200601546 Wiley-VCH 2006 69451 Weinheim, Germany Supporting Information Synthesis of Magnetic Microspheres with Immobilized Metal Ions for Enrichment
More informationShuo Li, Qidong Zhao, Dejun Wang and Tengfeng Xie *
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for RSC Advances. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Work Function Engineering Derived All-solid-state Z-scheme Semiconductor-Metal-Semiconductor
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Dynamic Interaction between Methylammonium Lead Iodide and TiO 2 Nanocrystals Leads to Enhanced Photocatalytic H 2 Evolution from HI Splitting Xiaomei Wang,, Hong Wang,, Hefeng Zhang,,
More informationhorseradish peroxidase-labeled anti-mouse secondary antibody were procured from
SUPPORTING INFORMATION Characterization of anti-platelet properties of silver nanoparticles Siddhartha Shrivastava, Tanmay Bera, Sunil K. Singh, Gajendra Singh, P. Ramachandrarao and Debabrata Dash 1.
More informationCHAPTER 5 SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY STUDIES ON ELECTROPHORETICALLY DEPOSITED CHITOSAN ON POLYCAPROLACTONE MICRO FIBROUS SUBSTRATES
89 CHAPTER 5 SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY STUDIES ON ELECTROPHORETICALLY DEPOSITED CHITOSAN ON POLYCAPROLACTONE MICRO FIBROUS SUBSTRATES 5.1 INTRODUCTION Synthetic bio polymers such as PCL, poly (glycolic acid)
More information8. FORMULATION OF LANSOPRAZOLE NANOPARTICLES
8. FORMULATION OF LANSOPRAZOLE NANOPARTICLES FORMULATION OF LANSOPRAZOLE NANOPARTICLES Preparation of capsule of modified solubility to protect the drug from degradation To protect the drug from degradation
More informationThe photoluminescent graphene oxide serves as an acceptor rather. than a donor in the fluorescence resonance energy transfer pair of
Supplementary Material (ESI) for Chemical Communications This journal is (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry 20XX The photoluminescent graphene oxide serves as an acceptor rather than a donor in the fluorescence
More informationElectronic Supplementary Information
Electronic Supplementary Information Formation of MS-Ag and MS (M=Pb, Cd, Zn) nanotubes via microwave-assisted cation exchange and their enhanced photocatalytic activities Yanrong Wang, a Wenlong Yang,
More informationIntroduction to Work in Laboratory
INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE Introduction to Work in Measuring volumes, filtration, centrifugation, solubility, separation Practical in Medical Biochemistry General Medicine
More informationand their Maneuverable Application in Water Treatment
Hierarchical Films of Layered Double Hydroxides by Using a Sol-Gel Process and their Maneuverable Application in Water Treatment Yufei Zhao, Shan He, Min Wei,* David G. Evans, Xue Duan State Key Laboratory
More informationExperimental Procedure Lab 402
Experimental Procedure Lab 402 Overview One set of solutions having known molar concentrations of FeNCS 2+ is prepared for a calibration curve, a plot of absorbance versus concentration. A second set of
More informationThree-dimensional Multi-recognition Flexible Wearable
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for ChemComm. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Supporting Information Three-dimensional Multi-recognition
More informationKatarzyna Zielińska, Alexandre G. Chostenko, Stanisław Truszkowski
ADSORPTION OF CADMIUM IONS ON CHITOSAN MEMBRANES: KINETICS AND EQUILIBRIUM STUDIES Katarzyna Zielińska, Alexandre G. Chostenko, Stanisław Truszkowski Chair of Nuclear and Radiation Chemistry Faculty of
More informationTHE STUDY OF ION SORPTION PERFORMANCES OF STOICHIOMETRIC AND NON-STOICHIOMETRIC POLYELECTROLYTE COMPLEXES.
THE STUDY OF ION SORPTION PERFORMANCES OF STOICHIOMETRIC AND NON-STOICHIOMETRIC POLYELECTROLYTE COMPLEXES. Pha-sita Plengplung a and Stephan T. Dubas *,a,b a The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn
More informationNational standard of People s Republic of China
National standard of People s Republic of China GB5413.24-2010 Determination of chlorine in foods for infants and young children, raw milk and dairy products Issued at 2010-03-2 Implemented at:2010-06-01
More informationElectronic supplementary information
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for ChemComm. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Electronic supplementary information Heterogeneous nucleation and growth of highly crystalline
More informationAP BIOLOGY CHAPTERS 1-3 WORKSHEET
Name Date AP BIOLOGY CHAPTERS 1-3 WORKSHEET MULTIPLE CHOICE. 33 pts. Place the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question in the blank. 1. Which of the following sequences
More informationStrikingly different miscibility of n-octanol in highly-confined and quasi-confined water
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for ChemComm. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Strikingly different miscibility of n-octanol in highly-confined and quasi-confined water Aparajita
More informationSupplementary Material for. Zinc Oxide-Black Phosphorus Composites for Ultrasensitive Nitrogen
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Nanoscale Horizons. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Supplementary Material for Zinc Oxide-Black Phosphorus Composites for Ultrasensitive
More informationTaKaRa BCA Protein Assay Kit
Cat. # T9300A For Research Use TaKaRa BCA Protein Assay Kit Product Manual Table of Contents I. Description... 3 II. Components... 3 III. Storage... 3 IV. Materials Required by not Provided... 3 V. Precautions
More informationA Smart Core-sheath Nanofiber that Captures and Releases Red
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Nanoscale. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Supporting Information A Smart Core-sheath Nanofiber that Captures and Releases Red Blood Cells
More informationQuickZyme Total Protein Assay (to be used with acid hydrolyzates)
QuickZyme Total Protein Assay (to be used with acid hydrolyzates) August 2014 This package insert must be read in its entirety before using this product FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. NOT FOR USE IN DIAGNOSTIC
More informationRecommended Adsorption and Covalent CouplingProcedures
Recommended Adsorption and Covalent CouplingProcedures Introduction Our strength is in offering you a complete microparticle technology. We give you simple, validated protocols for coupling proteins to
More informationIn a typical routine, the pristine CNT (purchased from Bill Nanotechnology, Inc.) were
Supplementary Information Pd induced Pt(Ⅳ) reduction to form Pd@Pt/CNT core-shell catalyst for a more complete oxygen reduction Preparation of SH- functionalized CNT In a typical routine, the pristine
More informationSodium Chloride - Analytical Standard
Sodium Chloride - Analytical Standard Determination of Total Mercury Former numbering: ECSS/CN 312-1982 & ESPA/CN-E-106-1994 1. SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION The present EuSalt Analytical Standard describes
More information--> Buy True-PDF --> Auto-delivered in 0~10 minutes. GB Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB5009.
Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB5009.35-2016 www.chinesestandard.net Sales@ChineseStandard.net NATIONAL STANDARD OF GB THE PEOPLE S REPUBLIC OF CHINA National Food Safety Standard Determination
More informationPhotocatalytic degradation of dyes over graphene-gold nanocomposites under visible light irradiation
Photocatalytic degradation of dyes over graphene-gold nanocomposites under visible light irradiation Zhigang Xiong, Li Li Zhang, Jizhen Ma, X. S. Zhao* Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering,
More informationElectron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy analysis using the spin probe CPH
Standard Operation Procedure (SOP): WP 2-Number 3 Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy analysis using the spin probe CPH Date 28.01.2014 Version 1.0 English Drafted within the project Oxidant
More informationSupernatant: The liquid layer lying above the solid layer after a precipitation reaction occurs.
Limiting Reagent Introduction The quantities of substances involved in a chemical reaction represented by a balanced equation are often referred to as stoichiometric amounts. Solution stoichiometry is
More informationSupporting Information for
Supporting Information for Electrodeposition of Isolated Platinum Atoms and Clusters on Bismuth Characterization and Electrocatalysis Min Zhou, Jeffrey E. Dick, and Allen J. Bard Center for Electrochemistry,
More informationMagnetic Particles for Phosphorus Adsorption in Simulated Phosphate Solution
215 4th International Conference on Informatics, Environment, Energy and Applications Volume 82 of IPCBEE (215) DOI: 1.7763/IPCBEE. 215.V82.28 Magnetic Particles for Phosphorus Adsorption in Simulated
More informationHighly efficient hydrogen evolution of platinum via tuning the interfacial dissolved-gas concentration
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Chemical Communications. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Supporting Information for Highly efficient hydrogen evolution of platinum via tuning
More information