Unit 13 Chemical Equations
|
|
- Domenic Montgomery
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Unit 13 Chemical Equations INTRODUCTION The fashion in which elements or compounds interact with one another is one of the most basic parts of chemistry. Man has been concerned with chemical interactions for thousands of years. Ancient alchemists searched vainly for a reagent that would turn lead into gold. Chemical interactions that produce useful substances are the mainstay of our economy. Pharmaceuticals, building products and synthetic materials are just few of the results of chemical interactions. A large part of the study of chemistry is devoted to these chemical reactions making their qualitative and quantitative interpretations one of the most important parts in the study of chemistry. OBJECTIVES 1. The students will identify the reactants and products in a chemical reaction. 2. The student will interpret qualitatively chemical reactions. 3. The student will quantitatively interpret chemical reactions using the Law of Conservation of Mass. DISCUSSION A. Chemical Equations, Qualitative s A chemical equation is a description of the qualitative and quantitative features of a chemical reaction. In chemical reaction some substances whether elements or compounds or both interact with one another to form new compounds with different properties. In this course we will deal only with the observed outcome of a reaction. Further courses in chemistry will be necessary for you to be able to predict what the outcome of the reaction will be and why it came about. A chemical equation is the shorthand notation for a chemical reaction and is written in the following general fashion. Reactants Products reacts to form, yields, produces. Reactants are those elements or compounds that interact. There can be many reactants or just one reactant. Products are the new compounds that are formed as a result of the combination of decomposition of reactants. There may be many or just one.
2 The arrow between reactants and products indicates the direction of the reaction and is read as reacts to form, yields or produces. Some examples of chemical reactions and their qualitative interpretations follows. Example Problem (1) Equation H H 2 0 Hydrogen and Oxygen react to form water Example Problem (2) Equation H C0 H 2 +C0 2 Water plus Carbon Monoxide yields Hydrogen and Carbon Dioxide. Example Problem (3) Equation C 8 H C0 2 + H 2 0 Octane plus Oxygen produces Carbon Dioxide and water. The interpretations are all qualitative. They tell us what reacts and what the products are. B. Chemical Equations, Quantitative s Along with the qualitative part of a chemical equation there is a quantitative part. This part tells us what amounts of reactants will be needed to produce certain amounts of products. The quantitative aspect is governed by the Law of Conservation of Mass. This Law states that in a chemical reaction there is no detectable loss or gain in mass as reactants are converted to products. The atoms in the reactants simply recombine to form new compounds as products. A chemical equation that obeys the Law of Conservation of Mass is said to be balanced. An equation is balanced by inserting simple whole numbers of fractional coefficients in front of the symbols for the elements or formulas for the compounds so that there are the same number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation, as reactants and products. The three example equations would be balanced and interpreted as follows.
3 Example Problem (4) Balanced Equation 2 H H 2 0 The equation is balanced because there are 4 Hydrogen atoms and two Oxygen atoms as reactants and 4 Hydrogen atoms and two Oxygen atoms as products. This is because two molecules of Hydrogen (H 2 ) each containing two atoms of Hydrogen would give a total of four atoms of Hydrogen. One molecule of Oxygen (0 2 ) contain two atoms of Oxygen. The products are two molecules of water contain two atoms of Hydrogen per molecule for a total of four and one atom of Oxygen for a total of two. Two molecules of Hydrogen plus one molecule of Oxygen react to form two molecules of water. Example Problem (5) Balanced Equation 1 H C0 1 H C0 2 The equation is balanced as it is written. One molecule of water plus one molecule of Carbon Monoxide yields one molecule of Hydrogen and one molecule of Carbon Monoxide. Note* As in chemical formulas the ones as coefficients may be omitted. The balanced equation can correctly be written as: Example Problem (6) H C0 H 2 + C0 2 Balanced Equation 2 C 8 H C H molecules of Octane plus 25 molecules of Oxygen react to form 16 molecules of Carbon Dioxide and 18 molecules of water. In this course you will not be asked to balance an equation but only to identify whether it is balanced or not. Balancing will be taken up in Chemistries 101 and 102.
4 C. Chemical Equations and the Mole Perhaps nowhere else is the mole concept more important than in dealings with chemical equations. This concept allows us to bridge the gap between atoms and molecules and elements and compounds. It allows us to interpret equations on a level that we can realistically deal with in the chemical laboratory. Let us review in table form how the mole concept fits in with elements and atoms. Substance Element Compound Smallest Part Atom Molecule Relative Weight Atomic Weight (AW) Molecular Weight (MW) Weight of an Arogodros number of smallest parts Number of smallest parts in one mole Gram Atomic Weight (GAW) Gram Molecular Weight (GMW) x atoms x Mass of one mole 1 mole = GAW 1 mole = GMW We can now interpret chemical equations in a mole complete fashion. Example Problem (7) Equation 2H H 2 0 Molecular 2 molecules of H molecule of molecules of H 2 0 Molecular 2 molecules of H mole of moles of H 2 0 This interpretation can be made because the mole ratio of 2:1:2 for H 2, 0 2 and H 2 0 is exactly the same as the molecule ratio of 2:1:2 for the corresponding number of molecules in the balanced equation. We have only increased the magnitude of the equation by Arogodros number. 2 molecules of H 2 0 x N = 2 moles of H 2 1 molecule of 0 2 x N = 1 mole of molecules of H 2 0 x N = 2 moles of H 2 0 Again, the important feature is that the mole ratio is exactly the same as the ratio of molecules. Two further interpretations may be made as a result of the mole concept. They include the equality between the mole and the gram atomic or gram molecular weight and the actual gram atomic or gram molecular weight of the substance.
5 Equation 2 H H 2 0 Molecular 2 molecules of H molecule of molecules of H 2 0 Mole Concept 2 moles of H mole of moles of H 2 0 Gram Molecular Weight 2 GMW s of H GMW of GMW s of H 2 0 Weight 4 grams of H grams of grams of H 2 0 The weight relationship was made by converting gram molecular weights or moles to grams and then multiplying by the coefficient. Reatants H 2 ;1 GMW = 2g = 1 mole of H ; 1 GMW = 32g = 1 mole of 0 2 Product H 2 0; 1 GMW = 1 mole of H 2 0 2H H 2 0 2g 2 mole mole H 2 32g 1 mole mole O 2 18g 2 mole 1mole H 2 O 4g of H 2 32g of g of H 2 0 The Law of Conservation at Mass is more easily seen now since 36 grams of reactants (rg of H g of 0 2 ) produced 36 grams of product H 2 0. The most convenient fashion to approach a chemical equation on a macro level is to interpret it in terms of the number of moles of reactants and products in the balanced equation and use the resulting mole ratios for calculations. The weight ratios that are found may be used, but they are a result of the mole ratios and are not as convenient to work with. Let us interpret the other two equations thoroughly.
6 Example Problem (8) Equation H C0 H 2 + C0 2 Molecular 1 molecule of H molecule of C0 1 molecule of H molecule of C0 2 Mole Concept 1 mole of H mole of C0 1 mole of H mole of C0 2 Gram Molecular Weight 1 GMW of H GMW of C0 GMW of H GMW of C0 2 Weight Ratio 18 grams of H grams of C0 2 grams of H grams of C0 2 Comparing the mole ratio to the weight ratio we see that they are not the same due to the different molecular weights of the molecules. Mole Ratio H 2 0 C0 H 2 C0 2 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 Weight Ratio 18 : 28 : 2 : 44 The reaction obeys the Law on Conservation of Mass. There are 46 grams of reactants (18 grams of H grams of C0) being converted to 46 grams of products (4 grams of H grams of C0 2 ). Example Problem (9) Equation 2 C 8 H C H 2 0 Mole Concept 2 moles of C 8 H moles of moles of C moles of H 2 0 Weight Ration 228 grams of C 8 H grams of grams of C grams of H 2 0 The next unit will deal with calculations involving balanced chemical reactions. There correct interpretation is a necessity.
7 PROBLEMS 1. Interpret the following chemical reactions: a. Identify the reactants and products b. Interpret them on a molecular level c. Interpret them on a mole level d. Interpret them on a weight level e. Show that they are balanced by conserving numbers of atoms as well as mass in grams of reactants and products 2 Na + Cl 2 2Na Cl S S0 2 N 2 + O 2 2NO N N0 2 CH 4 + Cl 2 CH 3 Cl + HCl N H 2 2 NH 3 CuSO 4 + Zn ZnSO 4 + Cu Key C0 2 + H 2 0 H 2 C0 3 NaCl = Sodium Cholride S0 2 = Sulfur Dioxide N0 = Nitric Oxide N = Dinitrogen Tetraoxide N0 2 = Nitrogen Dioxide CH 4 = Methane NH 3 = Ammonia CuS0 4 = Copper Sulfate ZnS0 4 = Zinc Sulfate H 2 C0 3 = Carbonic Acid
C2.6 Quantitative Chemistry Foundation
C2.6 Quantitative Chemistry Foundation 1. Relative masses Use the periodic table to find the relative masses of the elements below. (Hint: The top number in each element box) Hydrogen Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen
More informationC2.6 Quantitative Chemistry Foundation
C2.6 Quantitative Chemistry Foundation 1. Relative masses Use the periodic table to find the relative masses of the elements below. (Hint: The top number in each element box) Hydrogen Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen
More informationELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES AND HOW THEY ARE REPRESENTED. Jan 12-13, 2014
ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES AND HOW THEY ARE REPRESENTED Jan 12-13, 2014 WHAT ARE ELEMENTS? Elements are pure substances Made of only one kind of material Has definite properties, and Is the same
More information2. Relative molecular mass, M r - The relative molecular mass of a molecule is the average mass of the one molecule when compared with
Chapter 3: Chemical Formulae and Equations 1. Relative atomic mass, A r - The relative atomic mass of an element is the average mass of one atom of an element when compared with mass of an atom of carbon-12
More informationHow many hydrogen atoms are there in the empirical formula of propene, C 3 H 6? How many neutrons are there in one atom of 24 Mg?
1 A 2 B 3 C The atomic number of Na is 11. How many electrons are there in a sodium ion, Na +? How many hydrogen atoms are there in the empirical formula of propene, C 3 H 6? What is the mass in grams
More informationUnit 14 Calculations for Chemical Equations
Unit 14 Calculations for Chemical Equations INTRODUCTION The most often encountered problem in chemistry is one that involves a balanced chemical reaction. Almost all areas of chemistry deal with reactions
More informationThe Mole Concept. It is easily converted to grams, no of particles or in the case of gas volume.
The Mole Concept The mole is a convenient unit A mole is the number of atoms present in exactly 12 g of the isotope carbon-12. In 12 g of carbon-12 there are 6.022 x 10 23 carbon atoms It is easily converted
More informationMolar Mass. The total of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule:
Molar Mass The total of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule: Ex: H 2 O H (1.0079) x 2 atoms = 2.0158 grams O (15.999) x 1 atom = 15.999 grams 18.0148 grams (18.0 grams) Ex: Cu(NO 3 ) 2 Cu
More informationStoichiometric Calculations
Slide 1 / 109 Slide 2 / 109 Stoichiometric Calculations Slide 3 / 109 Table of Contents Click on the topic to go to that section Stoichiometry Calculations with Moles Stoichiometry Calculations with Particles
More informationStoichiometric Calculations
Slide 1 / 109 Slide 2 / 109 Stoichiometric Calculations Slide 3 / 109 Slide 4 / 109 Table of Contents Stoichiometry Calculations with Moles Click on the topic to go to that section Stoichiometry Calculations
More informationChemical Formulas and Equations
Chemical Formulas and Equations 8.5D recognize that chemical formulas are used to identify substances and determine the number of atoms of each element in chemical formulas containing substances; 8.5F
More informationUnit 5. Chemical Composition
Unit 5 Chemical Composition Counting by Mass Individually mass a few Calculate the average mass of one Can count large numbers of by mass Atomic Mass Unit (amu) 1 amu = 1.66 x 10-24 g Subatomic particles
More informationIGCSE (9-1) Edexcel - Chemistry
IGCSE (9-1) Edexcel - Chemistry Principles of Chemistry Chemical Formulae, Equations and Calculations NOTES 1.25: Write word equations and balanced chemical equations (including state symbols): For reactions
More informationDescribing Chemical Reactions
Describing Chemical Reactions This section explains how to show chemical reactions with symbols. It also states the principle of conservation of mass, and identifies three categories of chemical reactions.
More informationStoichiometry. Introduction. Rx between Hydrogen and Oxygen can be described as: Balanced equation: Or Avogadros Number: (number of Molecules)
Stoichiometry Introduction Rx between Hydrogen and Oxygen can be described as: Balanced equation: Or Or Avogadros Number: (number of Molecules) Or Moles (amount of a substance containing avogadros number
More information**continued on next page**
Chapter 9 Stoichiometry Section 9.1 Introduction to Stoichiometry Standard.e.: Students know how to calculate the masses of reactant and products in a chemical reaction from the mass of one of the reactants
More informationChem A Ch. 9 Practice Test
Name: Class: Date: Chem A Ch. 9 Practice Test Matching Match each item with the correct statement below. a. product d. balanced equation b. reactant e. skeleton equation c. chemical equation 1. a new substance
More informationChapter 9: Stoichiometry The Arithmetic ti Of Equations
Chapter 9: Stoichiometry The Arithmetic of Equations Chemical Calculations Limiting Reagent and Percent Yield The Arithmetic ti Of Equations -- The Arithmetic of Equations -- Using Everyday Equations Stoichiometry
More informationStoichiometry is the relationship between the amount of reactants used and/or the amount of products produced in a chemical reaction.
Unit 7 STOICHIOMETRY 1. Introduction to Stoichiometry 2. Mole Mole Stoichiometry 3. Mass Mole Stoichiometry 4. Mass Mass Stoichiometry 5. Mass Volume & Volume Volume Stoichiometry 6. Excess & Limiting
More informationUNIT 9 - STOICHIOMETRY
General Stoichiometry Notes STOICHIOMETRY: tells relative amts of reactants & products in a chemical reaction Given an amount of a substance involved in a chemical reaction, we can figure out the amount
More informationChapter 3 Test Bank. d. The decomposition of magnesium oxide produces 2.4 g of magnesium metal and 3.2 g of oxygen gas.
1. Which of the following correctly provides evidence for the unit formula of magnesium oxide? a. The decomposition of magnesium oxide produces 1.2 g of magnesium metal and 1.6 g of oxygen gas. b. The
More informationStoichiometry. Please take out your notebooks
Stoichiometry Please take out your notebooks Stoichiometry stochio = Greek for element metry = measurement Stoichiometry is about measuring the amounts of elements and compounds involved in a reaction.
More information7.1 Describing Reactions. Burning is a chemical change. When a substance undergoes a chemical change, a chemical reaction is said to take place.
Burning is a chemical change. When a substance undergoes a chemical change, a chemical reaction is said to take place. Chemical Equations What is the law of conservation of mass? The law of conservation
More informationTypes of Chemical Reactions
Types of Chemical Reactions There are five types of chemical reactions: 1. Formation (combination) 2. Decomposition 3. Single Displacement 4. Double Displacement 5. Combustion 1 Formation (Combination)
More informationChemical Reactions. Chemical changes are occurring around us all the time
Chemical changes are occurring around us all the time Food cooking Fuel being burned in a car s engine Oxygen being used in the human body The starting materials are called reactants The ending materials
More informationChem. I Notes Ch. 11 STOICHIOMETRY NOTE: Vocabulary terms are in boldface and underlined. Supporting details are in italics.
Chem. I Notes Ch. 11 STOICHIOMETRY NOTE: Vocabulary terms are in boldface and underlined. Supporting details are in italics. 11.1 notes 1 MOLE = 6.02 x 10 23 representative particles representative particles
More informationStoichiometry is the relationship between the amount of reactants used and the amount of products produced in a chemical reaction.
Unit 7 STOICHIOMETRY 1. Introduction to Stoichiometry 2. Mole Mole Stoichiometry 3. Mass Mole Stoichiometry 4. Mass Mass Stoichiometry 5. Mass Volume & Volume Volume Stoichiometry 6. Excess & Limiting
More informationCHEMICAL EQUATIONS WHAT BALANCING AN EQUATION MEANS
17 CHEMICAL EQUATIONS WHAT BALANCING AN EQUATION MEANS WHAT IS A CHEMICAL EQUATION? A chemical equation is a way of representing a chemical reaction in symbolic form. For example, when hydrochloric acid
More informationStoichiometry CHAPTER 12
CHAPTER 12 Stoichiometry 12.1 Using Everyday Equations Stoichiometry is the calculation of quantities in chemical equations. * The balanced equation gives the ratios for the reactants and products. 3 eggs
More informationCh. 10 Notes STOICHIOMETRY NOTE: Vocabulary terms are in boldface and underlined. Supporting details are in italics.
Ch. 10 Notes STOICHIOMETRY NOTE: Vocabulary terms are in boldface and underlined. Supporting details are in italics. 1 MOLE = 6.02 x 10 23 representative particles representative particles = ATOMS, IONS,
More informationStoichiometry Part 1
Stoichiometry Part 1 Formulae of simple compounds Formulae of simple compounds can be deduced from their ions/valencies but there are some that you should know off by heart. You will learn these and more
More information(DO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST)
Final Prep Chap 8&9 (DO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST) Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. After the correct formula for a reactant in an equation
More informationThe photograph in the textbook provides evidence that an exothermic chemical reaction is occurring.
Preview Lesson Starter Objectives Indications of a Chemical Reaction Characteristics of Chemical Equations Significance of a Chemical Equation Balancing Chemical Equations Section 1 Describing Chemical
More informationStoichiometry ( ) ( )
Stoichiometry Outline 1. Molar Calculations 2. Limiting Reactants 3. Empirical and Molecular Formula Calculations Review 1. Molar Calculations ( ) ( ) ( ) 6.02 x 10 23 particles (atoms or molecules) /
More informationChapter 3. Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions
Chapter 3 Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions In this chapter, Chemical structure and formulas in studying the mass relationships of atoms and molecules. To explain the composition of compounds and
More information15.2 Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions
Section 15.2 -Reduction (Redox) Reactions. 15.2 -Reduction (Redox) Reactions Electrochemistry is driven by electron transfer In the early development of chemical knowledge, an important application was
More informationUnit 10: Stoichiometry. Stoichiometry= the process of using a to determine the relative amounts of reactants and products involved in a reaction.
Unit 10: Stoichiometry Stoichiometry= the process of using a to determine the relative amounts of reactants and products involved in a reaction. Info given by a chemical equation: Chemical changes involve
More informationHonors Chemistry Unit 6 Moles and Stoichiometry Notes. Intro to the mole 1. What is the chemical mole? 2. What is Avogadro s number?
Honors Chemistry Unit 6 Moles and Stoichiometry Notes Intro to the mole 1. What is the chemical mole? 2. What is Avogadro s number? 3. What does it mean? 4. How is a mole like a dozen doughnuts? Formula
More informationRepresenting Chemical Change
Representing Chemical Change As we have already mentioned, a number of changes can occur when elements react with one another. These changes may either be physical or chemical. One way of representing
More informationStoichiometry is the relationship between the amount of reactants used and/or the amount of products produced in a chemical reaction.
Unit 7 STOICHIOMETRY 1. Introduction to Stoichiometry 2. Mole Mole Stoichiometry 3. Mass Mole Stoichiometry 4. Mass Mass Stoichiometry 5. Mass Volume & Volume Volume Stoichiometry 6. Excess & Limiting
More informationUnit 4: Reactions and Stoichiometry
Unit 4: Reactions and Stoichiometry Reactions Chemical equation Expression representing a chemical reaction Formulas of reactants on the left side Formulas of products on the right side Arrow(s) connect(s)
More informationStoichiometry. Chapter 3
Stoichiometry Chapter 3 Chemical Stoichiometry Stoichiometry: The study of quantities of materials consumed and produced in chemical reactions. In macroworld, we can count objects by weighing assuming
More informationOutcomes: Interpret a balanced chemical equation in terms of moles, mass and volume of gases. Solve stoichiometric problems involving: moles, mass,
Stoichiometry Outcomes: Interpret a balanced chemical equation in terms of moles, mass and volume of gases. Solve stoichiometric problems involving: moles, mass, volume, and heat of reaction. Stoichiometry
More informationThe Mole. Relative Atomic Mass Ar
STOICHIOMETRY The Mole Relative Atomic Mass Ar Relative Molecular Mass Mr Defined as mass of one atom of the element when compared with 1/12 of an atom of carbon-12 Some Ar values are not whole numbers
More informationUsual Atomic Charges of Main Group Elements
Usual Atomic Charges of Main Group Elements +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7-5 -4-3 -2-1 Examples SO 3 sulfur trioxide CO 2 carbon dioxide Al 2 O 3 aluminum trioxide IF 7 iodine heptafluoride Fig. 2-6, p.63 Chemical
More informationUnit Two Worksheet WS DC U2
Unit Two Worksheet WS DC U2 Name Period Short Answer [Writing]. Write skeleton equations representing the following reactions and then balance them. Then identify the reaction type. Include all needed
More informationStoichiometry is the relationship between the amount of reactants used and the amount of products produced in a chemical reaction.
Unit 7 STOICHIOMETRY 1. Introduction to Stoichiometry 2. Mole Mole Stoichiometry 3. Mass Mole Stoichiometry 4. Mass Mass Stoichiometry 5. Mass Volume & Volume Volume Stoichiometry 6. Excess & Limiting
More informationChapter 1 IB Chemistry Warm Ups Stoichiometry. Mrs. Hilliard
Chapter 1 IB Chemistry Warm Ups Stoichiometry Mrs. Hilliard Vocabulary 1. Atomic theory 2. Kelvin 3. Mole 4. Relative abundance 5. Molar Mass 6. Empirical formula 7. Molecular formula 8. Stoichiometry
More informationSummer Preparatory Tasks for A Level Chemistry 2017.
Summer Preparatory Tasks for A Level Chemistry 2017. Task One: Why have you chosen to complete an A Level in Chemistry? Research your future career and what subjects and grades are required to achieve
More informationMass Relationships in Chemical Reactions
Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions Chapter 3 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Micro World atoms & molecules Macro World grams Atomic mass
More informationRevision Checklist :4.3 Quantitative Chemistry
Revision Checklist :4.3 Quantitative Chemistry Conservation of Mass The law of conservation of mass states that no atoms are lost or made during a chemical reaction so the mass of the products equals the
More informationCounting by mass: The Mole. Unit 8: Quantification of Chemical Reactions. Calculating molar mass. Particles. moles and mass. moles and particles
Unit 8: Quantification of Chemical Reactions Chapter 10: The mole Chapter 12: Stoichiometry Counting by mass: The Mole Chemists can t count individual atoms Use moles to determine amounts instead mole
More informationBalancing Hydrocarbons
Balancing Equations a. Add coefficients to make atoms the same on both sides b. Must balance Metals first, then Nonmetals, followed by Hydrogen, and Oxygen last ( met nine hairy oxen ) c. Adjust totals
More informationTHE BRIDGING COURSE TO SIXTH FORM CHEMISTRY AT Myton School
THE BRIDGING COURSE TO SIXTH FORM CHEMISTRY AT Myton School Introduction Before you start the AS Chemistry course in September you should have completed this new bridging course for Chemists. It has been
More informationStoichiometry CHAPTER 12
CHAPTER 12 Stoichiometry 12.1 Using Everyday Equations Stoichiometry is the calculation of quantities in chemical equations. Jan 16 7:57 AM May 24 10:03 AM * The balanced equation gives the ratios for
More informationQuantity Relationships in Chemical Reactions
Chapter 10 Relationships in Chemical Reactions Section 10.1 Conversion Factors from a Chemical Equation Goal 1 The coefficients in a chemical equation give us the conversion factors to get from the number
More informationChapter 9. Table of Contents. Stoichiometry. Section 1 Introduction to Stoichiometry. Section 2 Ideal Stoichiometric Calculations
Stoichiometry Table of Contents Section 1 Introduction to Stoichiometry Section 2 Ideal Stoichiometric Calculations Section 3 Limiting Reactants and Percentage Yield Section 1 Introduction to Stoichiometry
More informationChapter 3. Stoichiometry: Calculations with Chemical Formulas and Equations
Chapter 3. Stoichiometry: Calculations with Chemical Formulas and Equations Lecture Outline 3.1 Chemical Equations The quantitative nature of chemical formulas and reactions is called stoichiometry. Lavoisier
More informationSymbols. Table 1 A set of common elements, their symbols and physical state
Symbols Symbols are a kind of shorthand system for writing down elements and compounds. Each element has a particular one or two letter symbol. The first letter of a symbol is always capital, and if there
More informationChapter 3: Stoichiometry
Chapter 3: Stoichiometry Key Skills: Balance chemical equations Predict the products of simple combination, decomposition, and combustion reactions. Calculate formula weights Convert grams to moles and
More informationName: Class: Date: ID: A. (g), what is the ratio of moles of oxygen used to moles of CO 2 produced? a. 1:1 b. 2:1 c. 1:2 d. 2:2
Name: Class: _ Date: _ Chpt 12 review Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. What is conserved in the reaction shown below? H 2 + Cl 2 2HCl a.
More informationCHAPTER 12. Chemists use balanced to calculate how much reactant is needed or product is formed in a reaction. + 3H 2NH. Hon Chem 12.
CHAPTER 12 Stoichiometry is the calculation of quantities using different substances in chemical equations. Based on the Law of Conservation of Mass. Mg(s) + How many moles of H Chemists use balanced to
More informationThis is STOICHIOMETRY.
Balanced equations represent the RATIO in which substances combine. The ratio comes from the COEFFICIENTS of the balanced equation. The combining ratio of substances in any chemical reaction is called
More informationTest bank chapter (3)
Test bank chapter (3) Choose the correct answer 1. What is the mass, in grams, of one copper atom? a) 1.055 10 - g b) 63.55 g c) 1 amu d) 1.66 10-4 g. Determine the number of moles of aluminum in 96.7
More informationCHAPTER 9 CHEMICAL QUANTITIES
Chemistry Name Hour Chemistry Approximate Timeline Students are expected to keep up with class work when absent. CHAPTER 9 CHEMICAL QUANTITIES Day Plans for the day Assignment(s) for the day 1 Begin Chapter
More informationCHEMICAL REACTIONS. Introduction. Chemical Equations
CHEMICAL REACTIONS Chemistry I Chapter 7 1 Chemical Equations Their Job: Depict the kind of reactants and products and their relative amounts in a reaction. 4 Al (s) + 3 O 2 (g) ---> 2 Al 2 O 3 (s) The
More informationbalancing equations notes website 2018.notebook November 12, 2018
1 Particle model and Balancing Equations Used to show chemical reactions have occured. Matter is made up of atoms and molecules and is subject to change. Counting atoms in a molecule NaCl 3 NaCl Na 2 SO
More informationTOPIC 4: THE MOLE CONCEPTS
TOPIC 4: THE MOLE CONCEPTS INTRODUCTION The mass is gram (g) of 1 mole of substances is called its.. 1 mole of substances has.. particles of a substances The mass of 1 mole of substances is always equal
More informationUnit 10: Stoichiometry Funsheets. Part A: Balanced Chemical Equations- Balance the following chemical equations.
Unit 10: Stoichiometry Funsheets Part A: Balanced Chemical Equations- Balance the following chemical equations. 1) Al + Cl 2 AlCl 3 2) Mg(ClO) 2 MgCl 2 + O 2 3) FeCl 3 + LiOH Fe(OH) 3 + LiCl 4) Na + O
More informationFormulas and Models 1
Formulas and Models 1 A molecular formula shows the exact number of atoms of each element in the smallest unit of a substance An empirical formula shows the simplest whole-number ratio of the atoms in
More informationCh 9 Stoichiometry Practice Test
Ch 9 Stoichiometry Practice Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. A balanced chemical equation allows one to determine the a. mole ratio
More informationTHE BRIDGING COURSE TO SIXTH FORM CHEMISTRY Birchwood High School
THE BRIDGING COURSE TO SIXTH FORM CHEMISTRY Birchwood High School Mrs Ryan Chemistry Please also access the website below which is a link to a really good PPT that will help to bridge the gap between GCSE
More informationGeneral Chemistry. Chapter 3. Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions CHEM 101 (3+1+0) Dr. Mohamed El-Newehy 10/12/2017
General Chemistry CHEM 101 (3+1+0) Dr. Mohamed El-Newehy http://fac.ksu.edu.sa/melnewehy Chapter 3 Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions 1 In this chapter, Chemical structure and formulas in studying
More informationChapter 3 The Mole and Stoichiometry
Chapter 3 The Mole and Stoichiometry Chemistry, 7 th Edition International Student Version Brady/Jespersen/Hyslop Brady/Jespersen/Hyslop Chemistry7E, Copyright 015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved
More informationREVIEW OF BASIC CHEMISTRY ANSWER KEY
REVIEW OF BASIC CHEMISTRY ANSWER KEY 1. Name the following elements. Spelling counts: 2. Write the symbols for the following elements. H hydrogen sodium Na S sulphur phosphorus P Cl chlorine fluorine F
More informationStoichiometry is the relationship between the amount of reactants used and the amount of products produced in a chemical reaction.
Unit 7 STOICHIOMETRY 1. Introduction to Stoichiometry 2. Mole Mole Stoichiometry 3. Mass Mole Stoichiometry 4. Mass Mass Stoichiometry 5. Mass Volume & Volume Volume Stoichiometry 6. Excess & Limiting
More information1.21. Formulae, equations and amounts of substance
1.21. Formulae, equations and amounts of substance The mole is the key concept for chemical calculations DEFINITION: The mole is the amount of substance in grams that has the same number of particles as
More informationThe Question (Learning Goals)
The Question (Learning Goals) What is the Law of Conservation of Mass (or atoms)? What is a balanced Chemical Reaction? How do we balance a chemical reaction?? (A Level) Review: Chemical Reactions Chemical
More informationUnit 6: Stoichiometry. How do manufacturers know how to make enough of their desired product?
Unit 6: Stoichiometry How do manufacturers know how to make enough of their desired product? Chocolate Chip Cookies Using the following recipe, complete the questions. Cookie Recipe 1.5 c sugar 1 c. butter
More informationName Date Class. Match each term in Column B with the correct description in Column A. Write the letter of the correct term on the line.
12 STOICHIOMETRY Chapter Test B A. Matching Match each term in Column B with the correct description in Column A. Write the letter of the correct term on the line. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Column A the substance
More informationChapter 7 - Chemical Reactions
Chapter 7 - Chemical Reactions Evidence of a Chemical Reaction If we could see the atoms and molecules that compose matter, we could easily identify a chemical reaction: Atoms combine with other atoms
More informationChapter 2: Mass Relations in Formulas, Chemical Reactions, and Stoichiometry
Previous Chapter Table of Contents Next Chapter Chapter 2: Mass Relations in Formulas, Chemical Reactions, and Stoichiometry Section 2.1: The Atomic Mass The atomic mass is the mass of 1 atom. Atoms are
More informationChemical Equations 10/30/13. Types of Chemical Reactions. Types of Chemical Reactions. Types of Chemical Reactions. Types of Chemical Reactions
Chemical Equations A chemical equation just like a mathematical equation is a way to express, in symbolic form, the reactions occurring in a chemical system. n Balancing chemical equations n Reaction stoichiometry
More informationYear 12 Chemistry Transition Work - QPHS
Year 12 Chemistry Transition Work - QPHS Contents Task 1: Task 2 Task 3 Task 4 Task 5 Task 6 Task 7 Task 8 The structure of atoms Writing formulae Relative masses Balancing equations Writing symbol equations
More informationBalancing Chemical Equations notes for p. 8-10
Balancing Chemical Equations notes for p. 8-10 Balanced Equation Atoms can t be created or destroyed Law of Conservation of Mass All the atoms we start with we must end up with A balanced equation has
More informationUnit 7: Stoichiometry Homework Packet (85 points)
Name: Period: By the end of the Unit 7, you should be able to: Chapter 12 1. Use stoichiometry to determine the amount of substance in a reaction 2. Determine the limiting reactant of a reaction 3. Determine
More information9. The ratio of the volume of nitrogen to that of the ammonia in the reaction N2 + 3 H2 2 NH3 is 1) 1:2; 2) 1:3; 3) 3:2; 4) 2:3.
1. In a balanced chemical equation l) coefficients are equal; 2) atoms are conserved; 3) molecules are equal; 4) energy is always produced; 5) none of these. 2. Which of the following statements about
More informationStoichiometry. The study of quantities of substances in chemical reactions
Stoichiometry The study of quantities of substances in chemical reactions Interpreting Chemical Equations N 2 + 3 H 2 2 NH 3 Particles: 1 molecule of Nitrogen reacts with 3 molecules of Hydrogen to produce
More informationRevision Checklist :4.3 Quantitative Chemistry
Revision Checklist :4.3 Quantitative Chemistry Conservation of Mass The law of conservation of mass states that no atoms are lost or made during a chemical reaction so the mass of the products equals the
More informationChapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions. Copyright McGraw-Hill
Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Copyright McGraw-Hill 2009 1 4.1 General Properties of Aqueous Solutions Solution - a homogeneous mixture Solute: the component that is dissolved Solvent: the component
More informationMass Relationships in Chemical Reactions
Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions Chapter 3 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Micro World atoms & molecules Macro World grams Atomic mass
More informationAP Chemistry. Mole, Molecular Formula Review One Mole = o This is Avogadro s number. Molar Mass: The mass of one mole of a substance in grams.
AP Chemistry Ms Ye Name Date Block Mole, Review One Mole = o This is Avogadro s number Molar Mass: The mass of one mole of a substance in grams Percent Composition: Identifies the elements present in a
More informationCh 3.3 Counting (p78) One dozen = 12 things We use a dozen to make it easier to count the amount of substances.
Ch 3.3 Counting (p78) One dozen = 12 things We use a dozen to make it easier to count the amount of substances. Moles the SI base unit that describes the amount of particles in a substance. Mole is abbreviated
More informationChapter 8 Chemical Reactions
Chapter 8 Chemical Reactions 8.1 Chemical Reactions Evidence of a Chemical Change Chemical reactions involve rearrangement and exchange of atoms to produce new molecules Remember: matter can neither be
More informationUnit 4. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Unit 4 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 39. Changing a subscript in a correctly written chemical formula a. changes the number of moles represented
More informationDanyal Education (Contact: ) A commitment to teach and nurture
Chemistry of Reactions: Redox (#) Candidates should be able to: a) define oxidation and reduction (redox) in terms of oxygen/hydrogen gain/loss b) define redox in terms of electron transfer and changes
More informationMole Ratios. How can the coefficients in a chemical equation be interpreted? (g) 2NH 3. (g) + 3H 2
Why? Mole Ratios How can the coefficients in a chemical equation be interpreted? A balanced chemical equation can tell us the number of reactant and product particles (ions, atoms, molecules or formula
More informationTOPIC 9. CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS III - stoichiometry.
TOPIC 9. CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS III - stoichiometry. Stoichiometric calculations. By combining a knowledge of balancing equations with the concept of the mole, it is possible to easily calculate the masses
More information9/14/ Chemistry Second Edition Julia Burdge. Stoichiometry: Ratios of Combination. Molecular and Formula Masses
9/14/1 Chemistry Second Edition Julia Burdge Stoichiometry: Ratios of Combination Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 Stoichiometry: Ratios
More informationScience 1206 Chemistry Unit #11
Science 1206 Chemistry Unit #11 Types of Chemical Reactions Types of Chemical Reactions Five types of chemical reactions: Formation (synthesis) Decomposition Single Displacement Double Displacement Combustion
More information