Aging and Transformations of Nanoparticles Relevant to Product Use
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1 Willkommen Welcome Bienvenue Aging and Transformations of Nanoparticles Relevant to Product Use Dr. Denise M. Mitrano
2 Project Goals Nanomaterials safer by design Correlate specific ENP properties to their aging, transformation, and behavior Classify nanomaterials according to their impacts
3 Project Goals Nanomaterials safer by design Correlate specific ENP properties to their aging, transformation, and behavior Classify nanomaterials according to their impacts Expected Impacts Protocols for ENP synthesis, characterization, and safety assessment Relate specific characteristics to impacts Predictive ENP risk assessment according to biological and environmental impacts Provide guidance for future safer design
4 Project Goals Nanomaterials safer by design
5 Project Goals Work Package: Life Cycle Evolution of ENP Aging nanomaterials; study transformations relevant to product use Provide aged particles to other consortium members to compare toxicological effects to pristine materials
6 Project Goals Work Package: Life Cycle Evolution of ENP Aging nanomaterials; study transformations relevant to product use Provide aged particles to other consortium members to compare toxicological effects to pristine materials CEA (Commissariat a l Energie Atomique), France Aging nanomaterials in air (Ag, CeO)
7 Project Goals Work Package: Life Cycle Evolution of ENP Aging nanomaterials; study transformations relevant to product use Provide aged particles to other consortium members to compare toxicological effects to pristine materials CEA (Commissariat a l Energie Atomique), France Aging nanomaterials in air (Ag, CeO) University of Birmingham, UK Develop specialized particles for aging tests Aging nanomaterials in water (ZnO, CeO)
8 Project Goals Work at Empa: Aging nanomaterials in water; study transformation(s) relevant to product use 1. Provide literature review of ENP aging: determine relevant particle transformation(s) and where gaps in knowledge exist 2. Conduct experiments of ENP aging processes 3. Determine which properties make particles more similar or more varied after aging 4. Age consortium particles to determine varied toxicity compared to pristine counterparts
9 Present Aging/Transformation Studies Studies(with(Pris- ne(mnm( A! D. Mitrano Studies(with(Aged(MNM( B! Studies(with(Product( Released(MNM( C
10 Present Aging/Transformation Studies Studies(with(Pris- ne(mnm( A! D. Mitrano Studies(with(Aged(MNM( B! Studies(with(Product( Released(MNM( C
11 Particle Aging/Transformations Physical Mechanisms Degrada on and Transforma on e- Surface Modifica on Oxida on Desorp on Agglomera on Mechanical Processes Reduc on e- M M M Dissolu on Adsorp on Sulfida on M M M Re-precipita on M M M M M NOM Macromolecule Interac ons Combus on Leach Secondary Contaminant Micelle Photochemistry Biodegrada on M D. Mitrano M M Biotransforma on
12 Nanomaterial Distribution in Products D. Mitrano, based on Sun et al 2014
13 Nanomaterial Distribution in Products Physical Mechanisms Degrada on Surface and Modifica on Interconnected Transforma on transformations Oxida&on) Oxida on ee- "# Agglomera on Mechanical Processes Desorp' on on) Desorp Oxidation from cleaners and washing powders e Sulfida' Sulfida on) on Adsorp' on) Reduc on - Adsorp on e"# Reduc&on) MM# # MM# MM # MM Complexation/precipitatio n with surfactants and MM M M Dissolu on) on Dissolu' other washing powder constituents Re-precipita on) on Re,precipita' # # Leach Secondary Contaminant Macromolecule Interac ons Biodegrada on M M M NOM Surface modifications affect particle stability: additionally future fate, Micelle transport and toxicity Photochemistry Combus on # MM MM# # M M MM# # MM Biotransforma on
14 Ag Release and Transformation after Laundering Fabrics Ionic silver Ag Transforma on products (eg. AgCl, Ag2S) Volume incorpora on Aggregates Nanosilver (Ag0) Surface treatment Aggregates Treated tex le (fib r in cross-sec on) Nowack et al Ag in different forms (e.g. AgCl, microcomposites etc.) Fragments (polymer e / coa ng)
15 Comparison of NP and Traditional Ag after Release NP Incorporation Traditional Ag Additives Ionic silver Ag Transforma on products (eg. AgCl, Ag2S) Volume incorpora on Volume incorpora on Aggregates Nanosilver (Ag0) Surface treatment Aggregates Treated tex le (fib r in cross-sec on) Ag in different forms (e.g. AgCl, microcomposites etc.) Fragments (polymer e / coa ng) Surface treatment Nanosilver (Ag0) Ionic silver Ionic silver Ag Ag Ag in different forms Ag salts: AgCl, AgCl on TiO2 carrier Ag ion exchange: AgZeolite Metallic Ag: Ag threads
16 Comparison of NP and Traditional Ag after Release NP Incorporation Traditional Ag Additives Ionic silver Ag Transforma on products (eg. AgCl, Ag2S) Volume incorpora on Volume incorpora on Aggregates Nanosilver Nanosilver(Ag (Ag00)) Surface treatment Surface treatment Aggregates Treated tex le (fib r in cross-sec on) Ag in different forms (e.g. AgCl, microcomposites etc.) Similar? Nanosilver (Ag Nanosilver (Ag)0) 0 Ionic silver Ionic silver Ag Ag Ag in different forms Distinguishable? Depends on washing conditions? Fragments (polymer e / coa ng) Ag salts: AgCl, AgCl on TiO2 carrier Ag ion exchange: AgZeolite Metallic Ag: Ag threads
17 Transforma on Increases Similarity NOM Transforma on of coa ng Release of different MNM in the same matrix Transforma on Increases Diversity Transforma on of different NM into the same material D. Mitrano Transforma on of one NM into different forms
18 Conclusions Aged and/or product released NP will have different qualities than pristine ENP Product use dictates relevant aging/transformation Multiple, subsequent transformation possible and likely Traditional additives to textiles, etc. may also release nano-sized materials
19 QUESTIONS? QUESTIONS?
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