Chapter 1. Table of Contents. Section 1 Chemistry Is a Physical Science! Section 2 Matter and Its Properties! Section 3 Elements.

Transcription

1 Chapter 1 Matter and Change Table of Contents Section 1 Chemistry Is a Physical Science Section 2 Matter and Its Properties Section 3 Elements Chapter menu Resources Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

2 Chapter 1 Section 1 Chemistry Is a Physical Science Objectives Define chemistry. List examples of the branches of chemistry. Compare and contrast basic research, applied research, and technological development. Chapter menu Resources Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

3 Chapter 1 Section 1 Chemistry Is a Physical Science Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes. Chapter menu Resources Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

4 1.1 Chemistry > What Is Chemistry? Because living and nonliving things are made of matter, chemistry affects all aspects of life and most natural events What are three general reasons to study chemistry? Chemistry can be useful in explaining the natural world, preparing people for career opportunities, and producing informed citizens.

5 Chapter 1 Visual Concepts Chemistry Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept ch01/sec01/vc00/hc601_01_v00fs.htm Chapter menu Resources Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

6 1.1 Chemistry > Branches of Chemistry 1. Organic chemistry is defined as the study of all chemicals containing carbon.

7 1.1 Chemistry > Branches of Chemistry 2. Inorganic chemistry the study of non-organic substances, many of which have organic fragments bonded to metals (organometallics) Inorganic chemistry is the study of chemicals that, in general, do not contain carbon.

8 1.1 Chemistry > Areas of Study 3. Physical chemistry - the study of the properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy Physical chemistry is the area that deals with the mechanism, the rate, and the energy transfer that occurs when matter undergoes a change.

9 1.1 Chemistry > Areas of Study 4. Analytical chemistry the identification of the components and composition of materials Analytical chemistry is the area of study that focuses on the composition of matter.

10 1.1 Chemistry > Areas of Study 5. Biochemistry the study of substances and processes occurring in living things. The 4 most common elements in living organisms are C, H, O, N. The study of processes that take place in organisms is biochemistry.

11 Chapter 1 Section 1 Chemistry Is a Physical Science Branches of Chemistry 6. Theoretical chemistry the use of mathematics and computers to understand the principles behind observed chemical behavior and to design and predict the properties of new compounds Chapter menu Resources Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

12 Chapter 1 Section 1 Chemistry Is a Physical Science Branches of Chemistry A chemical is any substance that has a definite composition. sucrose, C12H22O11 water, H2O carbon dioxide, CO2 Chapter menu Resources Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

13 Chapter 1 Visual Concepts Chemical Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept student/ch01/sec01/vc01/hc601_01_v01fs.htm Chapter menu Resources Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

14 1.1 Chemistry > Pure and Applied Chemistry Pure and Applied Chemistry How are pure and applied chemistry related?

15 Chapter 1 Section 1 Chemistry Is a Physical Science Branches of Chemistry Basic Research (or PURE science) is carried out for the sake of increasing knowledge. how and why a specific reaction occurs what the properties of a substance are the discovery of Teflon Applied Research is generally carried out to solve a problem. development of new refrigerants Chapter menu Resources Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

16 1.1 Chemistry > Pure and Applied Chemistry Pure chemistry is the pursuit of chemical knowledge for its own sake. Applied chemistry is research that is directed toward a practical goal or application.

17 1.1 Chemistry > Pure and Applied Chemistry Pure research can lead directly to an application, but an application can exist before research is done to explain how it works.

18 1.1 Chemistry > Pure and Applied Chemistry Nylon In the early 1930 s, Wallace Carothers produced nylon while researching cotton and silk. A team of scientists and engineers applied Carothers s research to the commercial production of nylon.

19 1.1 Chemistry > Pure and Applied Chemistry Aspirin Long before researchers figured out how aspirin works, people used it to relieve pain, and doctors prescribed it for patients who were at risk for a heart attack. In 1971, it was discovered that aspirin can block the production of a group of chemicals that cause pain and lead to the formation of blood clots. This is an example of pure research.

20 Chapter 1 Section 1 Chemistry Is a Physical Science Branches of Chemistry Technological Development typically involves the production and use of products that improve our quality of life. computers catalytic converters in cars biodegradable materials Basic research, applied research, and technological development often overlap Chapter menu Resources Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

21 1.1 Chemistry > Pure and Applied Chemistry Technology Technology is the means by which a society provides its members with those things needed and desired. Technology allows humans to do some things more quickly or with less effort. There are debates about the risks and benefits of technology.

22 Chapter 1 Visual Concepts Types of Research Click below to watch the Visual Concept. student/ch01/sec01/vc02/ Visual Concept hc601_01_v02fs.htm Chapter menu Resources Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

23 Chapter 1 Section 1 Chemistry Is a Physical Science Top Eight Chemicals Made in the United States Chapter menu Resources Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

24 1.1 Chemistry > Why Study Chemistry? Being an Informed Citizen Knowledge of chemistry and other sciences can help you evaluate the data presented, arrive at an informed opinion, and take appropriate action.

25 1.1 Section Quiz. Assess students understanding of the concepts in Section 1.1. Continue to: Section Quiz -or- Launch:

26 1.1 Section Quiz. 1. Which of these traditional areas of study mostly involve compounds containing carbon? (1) organic chemistry (2) inorganic chemistry (3) biochemistry a. (1) and (2) b. (1) and (3) c. (2) and (3) d. (1), (2), and (3)

27 1.1 Section Quiz. 2. Which phrase best describes applied chemistry? a. the pursuit of knowledge for its own sake b. research that answers a general question c. addresses fundamental aspects of a question d. research directed toward a practical goal

28 online SELF-CHECK QUIZ FOR SECT. 1.1 TAKE THE FOLLOWING QUIZ. Record your answers. Ask questions for any answer that you do not understand. CLICK BELOW TO TAKE THE QUIZ. YOU MUST BE IN THE PLAY MODE OF THE SLIDE SHOW. For Practice: QUIZ SECTION 1.1 MODERN CHEMISTRY HOLT For Grade: CLASS QUIZ QUIZ SECTION Chem 1.1 Quiz

29 VIDEOS FOR ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTION Modern Chemistry - Holt Chapter 1 Matter & Change videoclips - 13 ch. clips Section 1.1 (1 clip) Chemistry - Definition - 5 types of chemistry out of 6 - organic, inorganic, physical chemistry, analytical chemistry, and biochemistry explained briefly Click below to watch videoclip. What is chemistry? - and 5 of the 6 branches described briefly - 1:58 minutes