5.Experimental Results Table 5.1 Calibration curve for the estimation of Ciprofloxacin. Sl.No. Conc.(μg/ml) Absorbance(nm)

Transcription

1 121 5.Experimental Results Table 5.1 Calibration curve for the estimation of Ciprofloxacin Sl.No. Conc.(μg/ml) Absorbance(nm) Graph5.1 Calibration curve for the estimation of Ciprofloxacin Scale: X-Axis Concentration (µg/ml) Y-Axis Absorbance (nm)

2 122 Table 5.2 Calibration curve for the estimation of Amoxicillin Sl.No Conc.(μg/ml) Absorbance(nm) Graph5.2 Calibration curve for the estimation of Amoxicillin Scale: X-Axis Concentration (µg/ml) Y-Axis Absorbance (nm)

3 123 Table 5.3 Standard graph for the estimation of ampicillin Concentration(µg/ml) Absorbance Graph5.3 Calibration curve for the estimation of Ampicillin Scale: X-Axis Concentration (µg/ml) Y-Axis Absorbance (nm)

4 124 Table 5.4 Standard graph for the estimation of ofloxacin Concentration(µg/ml) Absorbance (nm) Graph5.4 Calibration curve for the estimation of Ofloxacin

5 125 Table 5.5 Microbiological method of the estimation of Amoxicillin Amoxicillin conc.(μg/ml) Average Zone of inhibition (mm) Graph5.5 Microbiological method of the estimation of Amoxicillin

6 126 Table 5.6 Microbiological method of the estimation of Ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin conc. (μg/ml) Average Zone of inhibition (mm) Graph5.6 Microbiological method of the estimation of Ciprofloxacin

7 127 Table 5.7 Microbiological method of the estimation of ampicillin Ampicillin Concentration(µg/ml) Average Zone of Inhibition(mm) Graph5.7 Microbiological method of the estimation of Ampicillin

8 128 Table 5.8 Microbiological method of the estimation of Ofloxacin Concentration(µg/ml) Average Zone of Inhibition(mm) Graph5.8 Microbiological method of the estimation of Ofloxacin

9 129 Table 5.9 Determination of the drug content of prepared sepia nanoparticles (Amoxicillin) S.No Batch Code Drug content (%) 1 AMN ± AMN ± AMN ± AMN ± AMN ± AMN ± AMN ± 0.10 * Average of five preparations ± S.D Table 5.10 Determination of the drug content of prepared sepia nanoparticles (Ciprofloxacin) S.NO BATCHCODE DRUG CONTENT (%) 1 CN CN CN CN CN CN CN

10 130 Table 5.11 Determination of the drug content of the prepared sepia nanoparticles (Ampicillin) SNO BATCH CODE DRUG CONTENT PERCENTAGE 1. AP ± AP ± AP ± AP ± AP ± AP ± AP ±0.13 Table 5.12 Determination of the drug content of the prepared sepia Ofloxacin nanoparticles SNO BATCH CODE DRUG CONTENT PERCENTAGE 1. OF ± OF ± OF3 61± OF4 60± OF5 52± OF ± OF ±0.10

11 Cumulative % drug release 131 Table 5.13 In-vitro drug release studies of prepared sepia nanoparticles (Amoxicillin) S.No Time Cumulative % drug Release AMN1 AMN2 AMN3 AMN4 AMN5 AMN6 AMN7 1 15minutes minutes hour hours hours hours hours hours Graph 5.9 In-vitro drug release studies of prepared sepia nanoparticles (Amoxicillin) 100 In-vitro drug release studies for the Sepia Nanoparticles containing amoxycillin AMN1 AMN2 AMN3 AMN4 AMN5 AMN6 AMN Time in hours

12 Cumulative percentage drug release 132 Table 5.14 In-vitro drug release studies of prepared sepia nanoparticles (Ciprofloxacin) S.No Time (hrs) Cumulative Percentage Drug Release CN-I CN-II CN-III CN-IV CN-V CN-VI CN-VII Graph5.10 In-vitro drug release studies of prepared sepia nanoparticles (Ciprofloxacin) In-Vitro drug release profile for Ciprofloxacin nanoparticles Time in hours CF-I CF-II CF-III CF-IV CF-V CF-VI CF-VII

13 133 Table 5.15 In-vitro drug release studies of prepared sepia nanoparticles (Ampicillin) CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE DRUG RELEASE SNO TIME AP1 AP2 AP3 AP4 AP5 AP7 AP mins mins hr hrs hrs hrs hrs hrs

14 134 Graph5.11 In-vitro drug release studies of prepared sepia nanoparticles (Ampicillin)

15 135 Table 5.16 In-vitro drug release studies of prepared sepia nanoparticles (Ofloxacin) SNO TIME CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE DRUG RELEASE OF1 OF2 OF3 OF4 OF5 OF6 OF mins mins hr 2 hrs 4 hrs 8 hrs 12 hrs 24 hrs

16 136 Graph5.12 In-vitro drug release studies of prepared sepia nanoparticles (Ofloxacin)

17 137 Table 5.17 Serum concentration (µg/ml) of Ciprofloxacin TIME ANIMAL 1 ANIMAL 2 ANIMAL 3 ANIMAL 4 MEAN X ± SEM 15 Min ± Min ± Hr ± Hr ± Hr ± Hr ± Hr ± Hr ± Hr ± Hr ± Hr ±0.059

18 138 BIOPHARMACEUTICAL PARAMETERS: Table 5.18 Biopharmaceutical parameters of Ciprofloxacin loaded sepia nanoparticles S.NO Parameters Value Absorption Constant (Ka) Elimination Constant (Ke) Half Life (t ½) Tmax Apparent volume of distribution (Vd) C Max AUC hours 36.6 hrs 3.62 liters 31.5 mg/ml mg/ml

19 139 Table 5.19 Serum concentration (µg/ml) of Amoxicillin TIME ANIMAL 1 ANIMAL2 ANIMAL3 ANIMAL4 MEAN X ± SEM 15 Min ± Min ± Hr ± Hr ± Hr ± Hr ± Hr ± Hr ± Hr ± Hr ± Hr ±

20 140 BIOPHARMACEUTICAL PARAMETERS: Table 5.20 Biopharmaceutical parameters of Amoxicillin-loaded sepia nanoparticles S.NO Parameters Values Absorption Constant (Ka) Elimination Constant (Ke) Half Life (t ½) Tmax Apparent volume of distribution (Vd) C Max AUC hours hrs 3.76 liters 8.6 mg/ml mg/ml

21 141 Table 5.21 Serum concentration (µg/ml) of Ampicillin TIME ANIMAL 1 ANIMAL 2 ANIMAL 3 ANIMAL 4 MEAN X ± SEM 15 Min Min Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr

22 142 BIOPHARMACEUTICAL PARAMETERS:. Table 5.22 sepia nanoparticles Biopharmaceutical parameters of Ampicillin-loaded S.NO Parameters Values Absorption Constant (Ka) Elimination Constant (Ke) Half Life (t ½) Tmax Apparent volume of distribution (Vd) C Max AUC hours hours 77 liters 95 mg/ml mg/ml

23 143 Table 5.23 Serum concentration (µg/ml) of Ofloxacin TIME ANIMAL 1 ANIMAL 2 ANIMAL 3 ANIMAL 4 MEAN X ± SEM 15 Min Min Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr

24 144 BIOPHARMACEUTICAL PARAMETERS:. Table 5.24 sepia nanoparticles Biopharmaceutical parameters of Ofloxacin-loaded S.NO Parameters Values Absorption Constant (Ka) Elimination Constant (Ke) Half Life (t ½) Tmax Apparent volume of distribution (Vd) C Max AUC hours 32 hours 86.2 mg/ml 93 mg/ml

25 145 STABILITY TESTINGS (CIPRO) The formulated nanoparticles were divided into three portions and one portion was kept at room temp, second at 45ºC, and third at 4ºC for one month at weekly intervals, samples were analysed spectrophotometrically. Table 5.25 Stability testing studies of Ciprofloxacin nanoparticles at room temperature Week % of Drug Remaining (Room Temp.) 0 1 st Week 2 nd Week 3 rd Week 4 th Week

26 146 Table 5.26 Stability testing studies of Ciprofloxacin nanoparticles at 4ºC Week % of Drug Remaining (4ºC) 0 1 st Week 2 nd Week 3 rd Week 4 th Week Table 5.27 Stability testing studies of Ciprofloxacin nanoparticles at 45ºC Weeks % of Drug Remaining (45ºC) 0 1 st Week 2 nd Week 3 rd Week 4 th Week

27 147 STABILITY TESTING (AMOX) Table 5.28 Stability testing studies of Amoxicillin nanoparticles at room temperature Week % of Drug Remaining (Room Temp.) 0 1 st Week 2 nd Week 3 rd Week 4 th Week Table 5.29 Stability testing studies of Amoxicillin nanoparticles at 4ºC Week % of Drug Remaining (4ºC) 0 1 st Week 2 nd Week 3 rd Week 4 th Week

28 148 Table 5.30 Stability testing studies of Amoxicillin nanoparticles at 45ºC Week % of Drug Remaining (45ºC) 0 1 st Week 2 nd Week 3 rd Week 4 th Week STABILITY TESTING (AMPICILLIN) Table 5.31 Stability testing studies of Ampicillin nanoparticles at room temperature Week % of Drug Remaining (Room Temp.) 0 1 st Week 2 nd Week 3 rd Week 4 th Week

29 149 Table 5.32 Stability testing studies of Ampicillin nanoparticles at 4ºC Week % of Drug Remaining (4ºC) 0 1 st Week 2 nd Week 3 rd Week 4 th Week Table 5.33 Stability testing studies of Ampicillin nanoparticles at 45ºC Week % of Drug Remaining (45ºC) 0 1 st Week 2 nd Week 3 rd Week 4 th Week

30 150 STABILITY TESTING (Ofloxacin) Table 5.34 Stability testing studies of Ofloxacin nanoparticles at room temperature Week % of Drug Remaining (Room Temp.) 0 1 st Week 2 nd Week 3 rd Week 4 th Week Table 5.35 Stability testing studies of Ofloxacin nanoparticles at 4ºC Week % of Drug Remaining (4ºC) 0 1 st Week 2 nd Week 3 rd Week 4 th Week

31 151 Table 5.36 Stability testing studies of Ofloxacin nanoparticles at 45ºC Week % of Drug Remaining (45ºC) 0 1 st Week 2 nd Week 3 rd Week 4 th Week

32 152 Graph5.13 IR spectra of Amoxicillin Trihydrate Graph5.14 IR spectra Amoxicillin+ sepia (Physical mixture)

33 153 Graph5.15 IR Spectra of Ciprofloxacin , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Graph5.16 IR Spectra of Ciprofloxacin+ Sepia (Physical mixture)

34 154 Graph5.17 IR Spectra of sepia (Polymer) Graph5.18 IR-Graph of Ampicillin

35 155 Graph5.19 IR-Graph of Ampicillin and polymer physical mixture Graph5.20 IR-Graph of ofloxacin

36 156 Graph5.21 IR-Graph of ofloxacin and polymer physical mixture

37 157 Graph 5.22 DSC Graph of sepia

38 158 Graph 5.23 DSC Graph of formulations (Ciprofloxacin HCl and sepia)

39 159 Graph 5.24 DSC Graph of drug Ciprofloxacin HCl

40 160 Graph 5.25 DSC Graph of formulations (Amoxicillin trihydrate and sepia)

41 161 Graph 5.26 DSC Graph of drug Amoxicillin trihydrate

42 162 Graph 5.27 DSC Graph of drug,ampicillin

43 163 Graph 5.28 DSC Graph of formulations (Ampiciliin and sepia )

44 164 Graph 5.29 DSC Graph of Ofloxacin

45 165 Graph 5.30 DSC Graph of formulation (Ofloxacin and sepia)

46 166 Fig 5.19 SEM photograph of Amoxicillin-loaded sepia nanoparticles Fig 5.20 SEM photograph of Ciprofloxacin-loaded Sepia Nanoparticles

47 167 Fig 5.21 SEM Photograph of Ampicillin -loaded sepia nanoparticles Fig 5.22 SEM Photograph of Ofloxacin-loaded sepia nanoparticles