QUESTIONSHEETS STRUCTURE AND BONDING SHAPES OF MOLECULES AND IONS I SHAPES OF MOLECULES AND IONS II IONIC BONDING TENDING TOWARDS COVALENCY
|
|
- Leslie Garrison
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 CHEMISTRY QUESTIONSHEETS AS Level AS TOPIC 4 STRUCTURE AND BONDING Questionsheet 1 Questionsheet 2 Questionsheet 3 Questionsheet 4 Questionsheet 5 Questionsheet 6 Questionsheet 7 Questionsheet 8 Questionsheet 9 Questionsheet 10 Questionsheet 11 Questionsheet 12 Questionsheet 13 Questionsheet 14 Questionsheet 15 Questionsheet 16 Questionsheet 17 IONIC BONDING COVALENT BONDING σ AND π BONDING SHAPES OF MOLECULES AND IONS I SHAPES OF MOLECULES AND IONS II IONIC BONDING TENDING TOWARDS COVALENCY COVALENT BONDING TENDING TOWARDS IONIC BONDING METALLIC BONDING INTERMOLECULAR FORCES PROPERTIES AND BONDING CRYSTAL STRUCTURE CHANGES OF STATE BOILING POINTS OF HYDRIDES SOLUBILITY OF IONIC COMPOUNDS TEST QUESTION I TEST QUESTION II TEST QUESTION III 17 marks 14 marks 15 marks 15 marks 15 marks 17 marks 18 marks 16 marks 14 marks 18 marks 15 marks 15 marks 14 marks 19 marks 13 marks 12 marks 13 marks Authors Trevor Birt Donald E Caddy Andrew Jones Adrian Bond Editors John Brockington Stuart Barker John Brockington Kevin Frobisher Andy Shepherd Stuart Barker Curriculum P ress Curriculum Press Licence Agreement: Paper copies of the A-Level Chemistry Questionsheets may be copied free of charge by teaching staff or students for use within their school, provided the Photocopy Masters have been purchased by their school. No part of these Questionsheets may be reproduced or transmitted, in any other form or by any other means, without the prior permission of the publisher. All rights are reserved. This license agreement is covered by the laws of England and Wales Curriculum Press March Curriculum Press Bank House 105 King Street Wellington Shropshire TF1 1NU
2 TOPIC 4 Questionsheet 1 IONIC BONDING a) Define the term ionic bond. b) The formation of an ionic bond in sodium fluoride can be represented by: Na + F Na + F Complete each of the following equations in the same format. (i) Ba + F Ba + O (iii) K + F (iii) K + O c) Explain why ionic compounds: (i) are normally soluble in water, but insoluble in organic solvents. conduct an electric current when molten or in solution, but not in the solid. TOTAL / 17
3 TOPIC 4 Questionsheet 2 COVALENT BONDING a) What do you understand by the following terms? (i) Covalent bond Dative covalent bond b) Show, by means of dot and cross diagrams of outer electrons, the bonding present in: (i) silicon tetrafluoride, SiF 4 the ammonium ion, NH 4 + (iii) the cyanide ion, CN _ c) Give an example of a covalent compound which does not obey the octet rule of valency, and state in what respect the rule is not obeyed. d) Aluminium chloride is used as a catalyst in the chlorination of benzene, its role being to generate the electrophile Cl + : AlCl 3 + Cl 2 Cl + + AlCl 4 - What features of the AlCl 3 molecule make this reaction possible? TOTAL / 14
4 TOPIC 4 Questionsheet 3 σ AND π BONDING The carbon-carbon bond in ethane, CH 3 -CH 3, has a bond dissociation enthalpy of 348 kj mol -1, whilst that in ethene, CH 2 =CH 2, has a value of 612 kj mol -1. a) Why is the double-bond in ethene not twice as strong as the single bond in ethane?... [4] b) Show, by means of a labelled diagram, how σ and π bonds are formed in the ethene molecule. c) By reference to your answers to a) and b) above, briefly explain why ethene is more reactive than ethane, even though the carbon-carbon bond is stronger. d) In benzene, all the carbon-carbon bonds are the same length, and have a bond dissociation enthalpy of 518 kj mol -1. [3] (i) How would you expect the bond lengths in benzene to compare with those in ethane and ethene? Explain why the bond lengths in benzene are identical. TOTAL / 15
5 TOPIC 4 Questionsheet 4 SHAPES OF MOLECULES AND IONS I a) (i) Give the main features of the electron pair repulsion theory (Sidgwick-Powell theory) for predicting the shapes of molecular species. State the assumptions upon which this theory is based. b) Deduce the shapes of the following molecules, and draw clear diagrams to show the bond angles. (i) BH 3 PCl 3 (iii) SCl 2 c) (i) State the isoelectronic principle.... [1] Use this principle to deduce the shape of the sulfite ion, SO 3 2-, by comparison with the PF 3 molecule. TOTAL / 15
6 TOPIC 4 Questionsheet 5 SHAPES OF MOLECULES AND IONS II There is now a well-established chemistry of some of the noble gases. This question concerns some of these compounds. a) Give the electronic configuration of xenon (atomic number 54). b) Why is xenon able to form compounds, whereas the previous elements in this group cannot do so?... [4] c) Explain the shape of each of the folowing molecules. Write down a word (or words) to describe that shape, and draw a diagram to illustrate your answer. (i) XeF 2 Explanation and diagram Description of shape... [1] XeO 3 Explanation and diagram Description of shape... [1] (iii) XeF 6 Explanation and diagram Description of shape... [1] TOTAL / 15
7 TOPIC 4 Questionsheet 6 IONIC BONDING TENDING TOWARDS COVALENCY a) Explain the terms polarising power and polarisability as applied to cations and anions respectively, and state the factors which govern them. Polarising power of a cation... Polarisability of an anion... b) In terms of the polarising power of cations and the polarisability of anions, explain why: (i) aluminium fluoride is ionic but aluminium chloride is covalent. beryllium chloride is covalent but magnesium chloride is ionic. c) Predict, giving your reasons, the bonding you would expect in lithium iodide. d) In Group 2, barium forms a stable peroxide, BaO 2, but magnesium forms only the normal oxide. Explain this. TOTAL / 17
8 TOPIC 4 Questionsheet 7 COVALENT BONDING TENDING TOWARDS IONIC BONDING The following table gives the electronegativities of some of the elements of the Periodic Table: Li Be B C N O F Na Mg Al Si P S Cl a) What do you understand by the electronegativity of an element? b) The percentage of ionic character in a bond between two elements can be estimated from the expression % ionic character = 100 (difference in electronegativity)/3.3 Use this expression to estimate the percentage ionic character in: (i) NaCl... [1] SCl 2... [1] (iii) AlCl 3... [1] c) (i) What is meant by the term hydrolysis?... [1] The ability of a chloride to undergo hydrolysis may reflect the nature of the bonding. Illustrate this statement by referring to sodium chloride and aluminium chloride.... [4] d) What is meant by the following terms? (i) Bond dipole... Dipole moment... e) With reference to the table of electronegativities, explain why PCl 3 has a dipole moment, whereas monomeric AlCl 3 does not.... [4] TOTAL / 18
9 TOPIC 4 Questionsheet 8 METALLIC BONDING a) Describe the bonding found in metals.... [4] b) By reference to your answer to a) explain why metals: (i) generally have high melting points. conduct electricity in both solid and liquid states. (iii) are good conductors of heat. c) Sodium has a melting point of 98 o C, but magnesium melts at 650 o C. By referring to the bonding and structures in these metals, explain this difference.... [5] TOTAL / 16
10 TOPIC 4 Questionsheet 9 INTERMOLECULAR FORCES a) What forces exist between molecules of methane? How do these forces arise? b) (i) State what is meant by hydrogen bonding and explain what causes it. Draw a diagram to show hydrogen bonding in water. c) (i) When propanone, (CH 3 ) 2 CO, is mixed with trichloromethane, CHCl 3, the boiling point of the mixture is higher than might be expected. Explain this. [1] Draw a diagram to illustrate your answer. [1] d) List all the forces which exist between particles in an aqueous solution of sodium chloride. TOTAL / 14
11 TOPIC 4 Questionsheet 10 PROPERTIES AND BONDING For each of the following substances, suggest the bonding and structure that you would expect it to have. Give the key relevant reasons for your answer. a) Titanium(IV) Chloride. This is a liquid at room temperature (boiling point 137 C) which is an intermediate in the production of titanium. Bonding... [1] Structure... [1] Reasons... [1] b) Silicon Dioxide A transparent glass like substance, melting point about 1600 C, which is used in scientific equipment because it is also transparent in the infra-red and ultra-violet parts of the spectrum. It is a poor conductor of electricity as a solid or liquid. Bonding... [1] Structure... [1] Reasons... c) Titanium. This element, melting point 1675 C, is used in the manufacture of aircraft, space capsules, aeroengines and the electrodes of some electrolysis plants because of its good electrical conductivity and resistance to chemical attack. Bonding... [1] Structure... [1] Reasons... [1] d) Cryolite. This is a white crystalline solid which melts at about 1000 C. The molten solid conducts electricity, so it is used to dissolve aluminium oxide in the electrolytic process to manufacture aluminium. The solid does not conduct electricity. Bonding... [1] Structure... [1] Reasons... [1] e) Bitumen A black viscous material which is obtained as a residue from the crude oil distillation. It is used for waterproofing or, when mixed with aggregate, the construction of roads. It can be dissolved in aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene or softened by heating. Bonding... [1] Structure... [1] Reasons... [1] f) Ethane-1,2-diol This is a liquid which boils at 197 C, and is used in antifreeze in car radiators. Its aqueous solution in water is a poor conductor of electricity. Bonding... [1] Structure... [1] Reasons... [1] What does the fact that it is both soluble in water and has poor electrical conductivity tell you?... [1] Quality of language [1] TOTAL / 18
12 TOPIC 4 Questionsheet 11 CRYSTAL STRUCTURE Two of the allotropes of carbon are diamond and graphite. The former is hard, and does not conduct an electric current; the latter is softer and conducts electricity. a) Show, by means of diagrams, the lattice structures of these two allotropes. Diamond Graphite b) Explain why graphite: [4] (i) may be used as a lubricant. conducts an electric current. c) Crystals of silicon and water (ice) have similar structures to diamond. Explain why: (i) silicon is softer than diamond. ice has a much lower melting point than diamond. (iii) ice floats on water. TOTAL / 15
13 TOPIC 4 Questionsheet 12 CHANGES OF STATE a) (i) On the axes below, sketch the trend in boiling points of the noble gases. Temperature/ o C He Ne Ar Kr Xe [1] Explain the shape of this graph. b) Chlorine boils at 238 K, but the next element in the Periodic Table, argon, boils at only 87 K. Explain this. c) Strontium chloride, SrCl 2, (M r = 157) is a solid at room temperature and pressure, but carbon tetrachloride, CCl 4, (M r = 152) is a volatile liquid. Explain this. d) Complete the following table as to compare the motion and order (i.e. arrangement) of particles in the solid, liquid and gaseous states. Solid Liquid Gas Motion Order [6] TOTAL / 15
14 TOPIC 4 Questionsheet 13 BOILING POINTS OF HYDRIDES a) On the axes below, sketch the trends in boiling points of the hydrides in: (i) Group 4 (C-Pb) Group 6 (O-Po) Temperature/ o C Temperature/ o C C Si Ge Sn Pb O S Se Te Po [3] b) Explain the trends in these two groups, accounting for any differences between them.... [5] c) State and explain whether you would expect the corresponding graphs for Group 5 hydrides and Group 7 hydrides to resemble the one you have sketched for Group 4 or Group 6. d) Concerning the hydrides of Group 4; methane, CH 4, is stable as a gas well above its boiling point, but plumbane, PbH 4, cannot be obtained as a vapour at atmospheric pressure, since it decomposes before reaching its boiling point. Explain this, and suggest how plumbane might be obtained in the gaseous state. TOTAL / 14
15 TOPIC 4 Questionsheet 14 SOLUBILITY OF IONIC COMPOUNDS a) Ions in aqueous solution are said to be hydrated by ion-dipole attraction. Explain this term, and illustrate your answer by sketches for a cation and an anion. Cation Anion b) In the case of hydrated transition metal cations, H 2 O molecules are held more strongly than they would be by ion-dipole attraction alone. (i) Why is this? [5] Why is the Na + ion hydrated only by ion-dipole attraction? c) (i) Define the standard hydration enthalpy of an ion. State and explain the trend in hydration enthalpies of cations which is observed on descending Group 1. d) (i) Bearing in mind the trend in hydration enthalpies you have described in c), would you expect the solubilities of Group 1 compounds to increase or decrease on descending the group?... [1] In reality, the solubilities of some Group 1 compounds (e.g. carbonates) increase down the group, while the solubilities of others (e.g. manganates(vii)) decrease. Explain briefly the reason for this. TOTAL / 19
16 TOPIC 4 Questionsheet 15 TEST QUESTION I a) Give dot and cross diagrams to show the bonding in: (i) ammonia, NH 3 boron trifluoride, BF 3 b) Ammonia and boron trifluoride react when mixed to form a compound with the formula BF 3.NH 3. Give a diagram to show the bonding in this molecule, using the normal symbols for covalent and dative covalent bonds. c) Give and explain the molecular shape of: (i) ammonia. boron trifluoride. d) (i) What geometry would you expect around the nitrogen atom in BF 3.NH 3?... [1] Explain why the H _ N _ H bond angle in this compound differs from that in ammonia. e) How and why would you expect the F _ B _ F bond angle in BF 3.NH 3 to differ from that in boron trifluoride? TOTAL / 13
17 TOPIC 4 Questionsheet 16 TEST QUESTION II a) (i) What shape is molecular phosphorus pentachloride?... [1] How do you account for this shape? (iii) Draw a diagram to illustrate the shape of the molecule, showing the Cl _ P _ Cl bond angles. (iv) In the solid state, phosphorus pentachloride exists as [PCl 4 ] + [PCl 6 ] -. Draw these two species, including their bond angles, and describe their shapes. [PCl 4 ] + [PCl 6 ] - Shape... Shape... b) Nitrogen is unable to form a pentachloride, but does show an oxidation state of +5; for example, in the nitrate ion, NO 3-. Explain this. TOTAL / 12
18 TOPIC 4 Questionsheet 17 TEST QUESTION III Boron forms a chloride BCl 3. a) The formation of the covalent bonds with chlorine can be explained by the following sequence: A filled (A) and the sole occupied (B) combine to form three equivalent(c) which are arranged in space so as to give minimum (D) (i) Suggest terms for labels A, B, C and D: A... [1] B... [1] C... [1] D... [1] Draw a diagram to illustrate the molecule structure and name the geometry [3] (iii) Explain why the molecule is non-polar even though the B-Cl bonds are polar b) When BCl 3 reacts with ammonia this structure is formed : H 3 N:BCl 3 (i) Name the type of bond formed between the N and B atoms (1)... [1] Suggest a value for the new Cl-B-Cl bond angle (1)... [1] (iii) Explain why this structure is polar (2) TOTAL / 13
QUESTIONSHEETS PERIODIC TABLE I MELTING POINTS AND BOILING POINTS IONISATION ENERGIES AND ELECTRON AFFINITIES ELECTRONEGATIVITIES AND BONDING
CHEMISTRY QUESTIONSHEETS AS Level AS TOPIC 9 PERIODIC TABLE I Questionsheet 1 Questionsheet 2 Questionsheet 3 Questionsheet 4 Questionsheet 5 Questionsheet 6 Questionsheet 7 Questionsheet 8 Questionsheet
More informationTOPIC 4 ANSWERS & MARK SCHEMES QUESTIONSHEET 1 IONIC BONDING
TOPIC 4 ANSWERS & MARK SCEMES QUESTIONSEET 1 IONIC BONDING a) A bond formed by the complete transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another to form ions of opposite charge which attract each
More informationQUESTIONSHEETS GROUPS 1 AND 2 REACTIONS OF THE ELEMENTS WITH WATER REACTIONS OF THE ELEMENTS WITH DILUTE ACIDS
CHEMISTRY QUESTIONSHEETS AS Level AS TOPIC 10 GROUPS 1 AND 2 Questionsheet 1 Questionsheet 2 Questionsheet 3 Questionsheet 4 Questionsheet 5 Questionsheet 6 Questionsheet 7 Questionsheet 8 Questionsheet
More informationQUESTIONSHEETS ORGANIC REACTION MECHANISMS I FREE RADICAL SUBSTITUTION I FREE RADICAL SUBSTITUTION II ELECTROPHILIC ADDITION TO SYMMETRICAL ALKENES
CHEMISTRY QUESTIONSHEETS AS Level AS TOPIC 14 ORGANIC REACTION MECHANISMS I Questionsheet 1 Questionsheet 2 Questionsheet 3 Questionsheet 4 Questionsheet 5 Questionsheet 6 Questionsheet 7 Questionsheet
More informationPRACTICE EXAMINATION QUESTIONS FOR 1.1 ATOMIC STRUCTURE (includes some questions from 1.4 Periodicity)
PRACTICE EXAMINATION QUESTIONS FOR 1.1 ATOMIC STRUCTURE (includes some questions from 1.4 Periodicity) 1. At room temperature, both sodium metal and sodium chloride are crystalline solids which contain
More informationQUESTIONSHEETS ENERGETICS I ENTHALPY OF DISPLACEMENT BOND DISSOCIATION ENTHALPY HESS S LAW AND ENTHALPY DIAGRAMS HESS S LAW WITH CALORIMETRY
CHEMISTRY QUESTIONSHEETS AS Level AS TOPIC 5 ENERGETICS I Questionsheet 1 Questionsheet 2 Questionsheet 3 Questionsheet 4 Questionsheet 5 Questionsheet 6 Questionsheet 7 Questionsheet 8 Questionsheet 9
More informationQUESTIONSHEETS ACID - BASE EQUILIBRIA. ph OF STRONG ACIDS AND BASES. AND pk a. ph OF ACID OR BASE SOLUTIONS. ph OF MIXED SOLUTIONS OF ACID AND BASE
CHEMISTRY QUESTIONSHEETS A2 Level A2 TOPIC 19 ACID - BASE EQUILIBRIA Questionsheet 1 Questionsheet 2 Questionsheet 3 Questionsheet 4 Questionsheet 5 Questionsheet 6 Questionsheet 7 Questionsheet 8 Questionsheet
More informationQUESTIONSHEETS REACTION KINETICS II MEASUREMENT OF REACTION RATES I MEASUREMENT OF REACTION RATES II FIRST ORDER REACTIONS AND HALF-LIFE TIMES
CHEMISTRY QUESTIONSHEETS A2 TOPIC 20 REACTION KINETICS II Questionsheet 1 Questionsheet 2 Questionsheet 3 Questionsheet 4 Questionsheet 5 Questionsheet 6 Questionsheet 7 Questionsheet 8 Questionsheet 9
More informationF321: Atoms, Bonds and Groups Structure & Bonding
F321: Atoms, Bonds and Groups Structure & Bonding 1. This question is about different models of bonding and molecular shapes. Magnesium sulfide shows ionic bonding. What is meant by the term ionic bonding?
More informationExam Style Questions
Calderglen High School Chemistry Department CfE Higher Chemistry Unit 1: Chemical Changes and Structure Exam Style Questions 1 1.1 Controlling the Rate 1. The graph shows how the rate of a reaction varies
More informationStates of matter
3.1.3.4 States of matter 261 minutes 257 marks Page 1 of 30 Q1. (a) Describe the bonding in a metal. Explain why magnesium has a higher melting point than sodium. (4) (b) Why do diamond and graphite both
More informationIB Topics 4 & 14 Multiple Choice Practice
IB Topics 4 & 14 Multiple Choice Practice 1. Which compound has the shortest C N bond? CH 3NH 2 (CH 3) 3CNH 2 CH 3CN CH 3CHNH 2. Which of the following series shows increasing hydrogen bonding with water?
More informationQ1. The table below shows the boiling points of some hydrogen compounds formed by Group 6 elements. S H 2 O H 2. Boiling point / K
Q1. The table below shows the boiling points of some hydrogen compounds formed by Group 6 elements. H O H S H Se H Te Boiling point / K 373 1 3 71 (a) State the strongest type of intermolecular force in
More informationUnit 1 Module 1 Forces of Attraction page 1 of 10 Various forces of attraction between molecules
Unit 1 Module 1 Forces of Attraction page 1 of 10 Various forces of attraction between molecules 1. Ionic bonds 2. Covalent bonds (also co-ordinate covalent bonds) 3. Metallic bonds 4. Van der Waals forces
More information2 Bonding and structure Answers to Exam practice questions
Pages 77 80 Exam practice questions 1 a) Bonding between atoms in a metal is the result of electrostatic attractions between positive metal ions in a lattice and delocalised electrons in the outer shell
More information1. A Covalent bonding B Polar covalent bonding C Metallic bonding D Hydrogen bonding E Ionic bonding F London dispersion forces
Higher (National 6) Unit 1: Chemical changes and structure 1c Bonding and structure Problem sheets 1. A Covalent bonding B Polar covalent bonding C Metallic bonding D Hydrogen bonding E Ionic bonding F
More informationShapes of molecules & ions
.1..5 Shapes of molecules & ions 54 minutes 50 marks Page 1 of 6 Q1. (a) The shape of the molecule BCl and that of the unstable molecule CCl are shown below. (i) Why is each bond angle exactly 10 in BCl?
More informationQUESTIONSHEETS ENERGETICS II ENTHALPY OF ATOMISATION ENTROPY AND FREE ENERGY CHANGE PRINCIPLES OF ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS
CHEMISTRY QUESTIONSHEETS A2 Level A2 TOPIC 17 ENERGETICS II Questionsheet 1 Questionsheet 2 Questionsheet 3 Questionsheet 4 Questionsheet 5 Questionsheet 6 Questionsheet 7 Questionsheet 8 Questionsheet
More informationElements react to attain stable (doublet or octet) electronic configurations of the noble gases.
digitalteachers.co.ug Chemical bonding This chapter teaches the different types and names of bonds that exist in substances that keep their constituent particles together. We will understand how these
More informationPart A Unit-based exercise
Topic 2 Microscopic World I / Microscopic World (Combined Science) Part A Unit-based exercise Unit 5 Atomic structure Fill in the blanks 1 atoms 2 solids; liquids; gases 3 metals; metalloids; non-metals
More informationSTRUCTURE AND BONDING
NAME SCHOOL INDEX NUMBER DATE 1. 1989 Q 6 STRUCTURE AND BONDING The table below gives the distance between atoms (bond lengths) in halogen molecules and the energies required to break the bonds (bond energies)
More informationChapter 6: Chemical Bonding
Chapter 6: Chemical Bonding Learning Objectives Describe the formation of ions by electron loss/gain to obtain the electronic configuration of a noble gas. Describe the formation of ionic bonds between
More informationElements in the Periodic Table show a periodic trend in atomic radius. In your answer you should use appropriate technical terms, spelled correctly.
1 The Periodic Table is arranged in periods and groups (a) Elements in the Periodic Table show a periodic trend in atomic radius State and explain the trend in atomic radius from Li to F In your answer
More informationCh 10 Chemical Bonding, Lewis Structures for Ionic & Covalent Compounds, and Predicting Shapes of Molecules
Fructose Water Ch 10 Chemical Bonding, Lewis Structures for Ionic & Covalent Compounds, and Predicting Shapes of Molecules Carbon Dioxide Ammonia Title and Highlight TN Ch 10.1 Topic: EQ: Right Side NOTES
More informationNational 5 Chemistry
St Ninian s High School Chemistry Department National 5 Chemistry Unit 1: Chemical Changes & Structure Section 3: Bonding & Properties of Substances Summary Notes Name Learning Outcomes After completing
More information1. What is the formula for the compound formed by calcium and nitrogen?
IB Chem 1 Name Topic 4 Bonding - Sample Test Problems 1. What is the formula for the compound formed by calcium and nitrogen? A. CaN B. Ca 2 N C. Ca 2 N 3 D. Ca 3 N 2 2. Element X is in group 2, and element
More informationQuestions Q1. The first ionization energies, in kj mol -1, of four elements with consecutive atomic numbers are shown below. A 1680 B 2080 C 496 D 738
Questions Q1. The first ionization energies, in kj mol -1, of four elements with consecutive atomic numbers are shown below. 1680 2080 496 738 (a) Which element could be an inert gas? (b) Which element
More informationUNIT 5.1. Types of bonds
UNIT 5.1 Types of bonds REVIEW OF VALENCE ELECTRONS Valence electrons are electrons in the outmost shell (energy level). They are the electrons available for bonding. Group 1 (alkali metals) have 1 valence
More informationIGCSE Double Award Extended Coordinated Science
IGCSE Double Award Extended Coordinated Science Chemistry 3.5 & 3.6 - Covalent Bonds Covalent Bond You need to know what covalent bonding is. Like ionic bonds, covalent bonds are another type of chemical
More informationKirkcaldy High School CfE Higher Chemistry. Chemical Changes & Structure Structure and Bonding
Kirkcaldy High School CfE Higher Chemistry Chemical Changes & Structure Structure and Bonding Page 1 of 26 No. Learning Outcome Understanding? The bonding types of the first twenty elements; metallic (Li,
More informationMultiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
CHAPTER 4 Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. A substance is a brittle crystal that conducts electricity in molten liquid state
More informationEdexcel Chemistry A-level
Edexcel Chemistry A-level Topic 2 - Bonding and Structure Flashcards What are ions? What are ions? Charged particles that is formed when an atom loses or gains electrons What is the charge of the ion when
More information(i) an element which is gaseous at room temperature and pressure ... [1] (ii) an element which forms an oxide that is a reactant in photosynthesis
1 (a) For each of the following, give the name of an element from Period 2 (lithium to neon), which matches the description. Elements may be used once, more than once or not at all. (i) an element which
More informationExam Style Questions
Calderglen High School Chemistry Department CfE Higher Chemistry Unit 1: Chemical Changes and Structure Exam Style Questions Page 2 1.1 Periodicity (25 marks) Page 6 1.2 Bonding and Structure part 1 (25
More informationQuestions Booklet. UNIT 1: Principles & Applications of Science I CHEMISTRY SECTION. Level 3 Applied Science. Name:.. Teacher:..
Level 3 Applied Science UNIT 1: Principles & Applications of Science I CHEMISTRY SECTION Questions Booklet Name:.. Teacher:.. Level 3 Applied Science 2017-2018 Unit 1 (Chemistry) 1 1. State the relative
More informationSolid Type of solid Type of particle Attractive forces between particles Na P 4 MgO SO 3
QUESTION (2011:2) Complete the table below by stating the type of solid, the type of particle present, and the bonding (attractive forces) between particles in the solid state. Solid Type of solid Type
More informationSolid Type of solid Type of particle Al(s) aluminium MgCl2 Magnesium chloride S8(s) sulfur
QUESTION (2017:1) (iii) Sodium chloride, NaCl, is another compound that is excreted from the body in sweat. Use your knowledge of structure and bonding to explain the dissolving process of sodium chloride,
More informationBONDING. Covalent bonding Two non- metal atoms can form a stable octet structure by sharing electrons.
BODIG In the process of bonding electrons move to a lower energy level to form a more stable structure. This can be done by transferring electron(s) to another atom or by pairing with an electron from
More informationCalderglen High School CfE Higher Chemistry. Chemical Changes & Structure Structure and Bonding. Page 1 of 21
Calderglen High School CfE Higher Chemistry Chemical Changes & Structure Structure and Bonding Page 1 of 21 No. Learning Outcome Understanding? 1 2 The bonding types of the first twenty elements; metallic
More informationChemistry Study Guide
Chemistry Study Guide Marking Period 3 Exam Week of 3/21/17 Study Guide due - When studying for this test, use your do nows, notes, homework, class handouts, and your textbook. Vocabulary Chapter 7 Anion
More informationTHE ST. MICHAEL SCHOOL THIRD FORM CHEMISTRY MANUAL 3 SYMBOLS AND FORMULAE, CHEMICAL BONDING AND CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
1 THE ST. MICHAEL SCHOOL THIRD FORM CHEMISTRY MANUAL 3 SYMBOLS AND FORMULAE, CHEMICAL BONDING AND CHEMICAL EQUATIONS COMPILED BY G.WALKER, L.WORRELL, T. HARDING REFERENCE BOOKS Anne Tindale Chemistry A
More informationINTERMEDIATE BONDING AND INTERMOLECULAR FORCES. Electronegativity
INTERMEDIATE BNDING AND INTERMLECULAR FRCES Electronegativity is defined as follows Electronegativity Electronegativity is the ability of an atom within a covalent bond to attract the bonding pair of electrons.
More informationmohd faisol mansor/chemistry form 4/chapter 5 CHAPTER 5 CHEMICAL BONDS
CHAPTER 5 CHEMICAL BONDS Almost all chemical substances exist as compounds in nature except inert gases and other stable element (such as gold and silver). Atom of other element that have less than eight
More informationCHAPTER 3 CHEMICAL BONDING NUR FATHIN SUHANA BT AYOB SMK SULTAN ISMAIL, JB
CHAPTER 3 CHEMICAL BONDING NUR FATHIN SUHANA BT AYOB SMK SULTAN ISMAIL, JB LEARNING OUTCOMES (ionic bonding) 1. Describe ionic (electrovalent) bonding such as NaCl and MgCl 2 LEARNING OUTCOMES (metallic
More informationA covalent bond is a shared pair of electrons between atoms of two non-metal elements.
Bonding, Structure and properties Atoms can be held together by chemical bonds. When atoms form bonds, they can achieve a stable electron arrangement (full outer electron shell). To achieve a stable electron
More informationChemical bonding & structure
Chemical bonding & structure Ionic bonding and structure Covalent bonding Covalent structures Intermolecular forces Metallic bonding Ms. Thompson - SL Chemistry Wooster High School Topic 4.1 Ionic bonding
More informationQUESTIONSHEETS ACID-BASE TITRATIONS PREPARATION OF A STANDARD SOLUTION SIMPLE VOLUMETRIC CALCULATIONS
CHEMISTRY QUESTIONSHEETS AS Level AS TOPIC 3 ACID-BASE TITRATIONS Questionsheet 1 Questionsheet 2 Questionsheet 3 Questionsheet 4 Questionsheet 5 Questionsheet 6 Questionsheet 7 Questionsheet 8 Questionsheet
More informationSL Score. HL Score ! /30 ! /48. Practice Exam: Paper 1 Topic 4: Bonding. Name
Name Practice Exam: Paper 1 Topic 4: Bonding SL SL Score! /30 HL Score! /48 1. What is the correct Lewis structure for hypochlorous acid, a compound containing chlorine, hydrogen and oxygen? A. B. C. D.
More informationName Date Class MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS. Distinguish molecular compounds from ionic compounds Identify the information a molecular formula provides
8.1 MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS Section Review Objectives Distinguish molecular compounds from ionic compounds Identify the information a molecular formula provides Vocabulary covalent bond molecule diatomic molecule
More informationReview for Chapter 4: Structures and Properties of Substances
Review for Chapter 4: Structures and Properties of Substances You are responsible for the following material: 1. Terms: You should be able to write definitions for the following terms. A complete definition
More information[2]... [1]
1 Carbon and silicon are elements in Group IV. Both elements have macromolecular structures. (a) Diamond and graphite are two forms of the element carbon. (i) Explain why diamond is a very hard substance....
More informationProperties of Compounds
Chapter 6. Properties of Compounds Comparing properties of elements and compounds Compounds are formed when elements combine together in fixed proportions. The compound formed will often have properties
More information(03) WMP/Jun10/CHEM4
Thermodynamics 3 Section A Answer all questions in the spaces provided. 1 A reaction mechanism is a series of steps by which an overall reaction may proceed. The reactions occurring in these steps may
More informationChemical Bonding Basic Concepts
Chemical Bonding Basic Concepts Valence electrons are the outer shell electrons of an atom. The valence electrons are the electrons that particpate in chemical bonding. Group e - configuration # of valence
More informationBonding. Chemical Bond: mutual electrical attraction between nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms
Chemical Bonding Bonding Chemical Bond: mutual electrical attraction between nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms Type of bond depends on electron configuration and electronegativity Why do
More informationChemical Bonding: Chemical Formulas OL
Name: Chemical Bonding 5. Chemical Bonding: Chemical Formulas Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding Electronegativity Shapes of Molecules and Intermolecular Forces Objectives -understand that compounds can be
More informationTopics to Expect: Periodic Table: s, p, d, f blocks Metal, Metalloid, Non metal, etc. Periodic Trends, Family names Electron Configuration: Orbitals a
Chemistry Final Exam Review and Practice Chapters Covered ESSENTIALLY CUMMULATIVE List of Chapters: Ch: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 20 Topics to Expect: Periodic Table: s, p, d, f blocks Metal,
More information1. I can use Collision Theory to explain the effects of concentration, particle size, temperature, and collision geometry on reaction rates.
Chemical Changes and Structure Learning Outcomes SECTION 1 Controlling the Rate. Subsection (a) Collision Theory 1. I can use Collision Theory to explain the effects of concentration, particle size, temperature,
More informationChemistry of period II elements
digitalteachers.co.ug Chemistry of period II elements Period 2 consists of the following elements as shown in table 7.1 below. Table 7.1 Period 2 elements Element: Li Be B C N O F Ne Electron Configuration
More informationCHEMICAL BONDING. Describe the formation of ions by electron loss/gain in order to obtain the electronic structure of a noble gas
CHEMICAL BONDING IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS: 1. A charged particle that form from an atom (or a group of atoms) by the loss or Gain of electrons is called an Ion. 2. A positively charged ion formed when an
More informationAnswer all the questions. Number of protons A B C D
Answer all the questions. 1(a). Look at the table. It shows information about some atoms and ions. Particle Atomic number Mass number Number of protons Number of neutrons Number of electrons Electronic
More informationSubtopic 4.2 MOLECULAR SHAPE AND POLARITY
Subtopic 4.2 MOLECULAR SHAPE AND POLARITY 1 LEARNING OUTCOMES (covalent bonding) 1. Draw the Lewis structure of covalent molecules (octet rule such as NH 3, CCl 4, H 2 O, CO 2, N 2 O 4, and exception to
More informationCfE Higher Chemistry. Unit 1: Chemical Changes and Structure. Intermolecular forces
CfE Higher Chemistry Unit 1: Chemical Changes and Structure Intermolecular forces 05/09/2017 Van der Waal s Forces and London Dispersion Forces 05/09/2017 Learning Outcomes : I can explain the difference
More informationSIR MICHELANGELO REFALO CENTRE FOR FURTHER STUDIES VICTORIA GOZO
SIR MICHELANGELO REFALO CENTRE FOR FURTHER STUDIES VICTORIA GOZO Page 1 of 7 Half Yearly Exam 2013 Subject: Chemistry 1 st Year Level: Advanced Time: 3 hrs Answer SEVEN (7) questions. All questions carry
More informationChapter 8. Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding
Chapter 8. Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding 8.1 Lewis Symbols and the Octet Rule When atoms or ions are strongly attracted to one another, we say that there is a chemical bond between them. In chemical
More informationChapter Eight. p328. Bonding: General Concepts
Chapter Eight p328 Bonding: General Concepts 1 Contents 8-1 Types of Chemical Bonds p330 Coulomb s law The energy of interaction between a pair of ions can be calculated using Coulomb s law: E 19 Q1Q 2
More informationChemistry Assessment Unit AS 1
Centre Number 71 Candidate Number ADVANCED SUBSIDIARY (AS) General Certificate of Education January 2008 Chemistry Assessment Unit AS 1 assessing Module 1: General Chemistry ASC11 [ASC11] THURSDAY 17 JANUARY,
More informationSTD-XI-Science-Chemistry Chemical Bonding & Molecular structure
STD-XI-Science-Chemistry Chemical Bonding & Molecular structure Chemical Bonding Question 1 What is meant by the term chemical bond? How does Kessel-Lewis approach of bonding differ from the modern views?
More informationChapter 16 Covalent Bonding
Chemistry/ PEP Name: Date: Chapter 16 Covalent Bonding Chapter 16: 1 26; 28, 30, 31, 35-37, 40, 43-46, Extra Credit: 50-53, 55, 56, 58, 59, 62-67 Section 16.1 The Nature of Covalent Bonding Practice Problems
More information2011, Robert Ayton. All rights reserved.
Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces Outline 1. Phase Diagrams and Triple Point Diagrams 2. Intermolecular Forces Review 1. Phase Diagrams and Triple Point Diagrams Phase Diagram of Water Triple
More informationAlso see lattices on page 177 of text.
Chemistry Ch 6 sect 3 «F_Name» «L_Name» Period «Per» «num» 6-3-1 Compare and contrast a chemical formula for a molecular compound with one for an ionic compound. Bond: Attraction between 2 or more atoms
More informationHonors Chemistry - Unit 4 Bonding Part I
Honors Chemistry - Unit 4 Bonding Part I Unit 4 Packet - Page 1 of 8 Vocab Due: Quiz Date(s): Test Date: UT Quest Due: Bonding Vocabulary: see separate handout assignment OBJECTIVES: Chapters 4-8 Be able
More informationName May 2, 2012 Physical Behavior of Matter and Bonding Review
Name May 2, 2012 Physical Behavior of Matter and Bonding Review Base your answers to questions 1 through 3 on the information below. Starting as a gas at 206 C, a sample of a substance is allowed to cool
More informationUnit 5: Bonding Covalent & Intermolecular
Name Unit 5: Bonding Covalent & Intermolecular Date Part 2 Questions 1. Ozone, O3 (g), is produced from oxygen, O2 (g) by electrical discharge during thunderstorms. The unbalanced equation below represents
More information(i) The atomic number of an atom is the number of... (ii) The mass number of an atom is the number of...
C2 Essential Questions Atomic Structure Q1.This question is about atomic structure and elements. (a) Complete the sentences. (i) The atomic number of an atom is the number of... (ii) The mass number of
More informationBonding Mrs. Pugliese. Name March 02, 2011
Bonding Mrs. Pugliese Name March 02, 2011 1. Atoms of which element have the greatest tendency to gain electrons? 1. bromine 3. fluorine 2. chlorine 4. iodine 2. Which polyatomic ion contains the greatest
More informationWhat is this booklet for: This is simply designed to be a bridging Chemistry booklet. It has work to prepare you for the A level you are starting in
1 What is this booklet for: This is simply designed to be a bridging Chemistry booklet. It has work to prepare you for the A level you are starting in September. It contains a series of topics that you
More information2.2.2 Bonding and Structure
2.2.2 Bonding and Structure Ionic Bonding Definition: Ionic bonding is the electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions formed by electron transfer. Metal atoms lose electrons to form
More informationYou have mastered this topic when you can:
CH 11 T17 IONIC COMPOUNDS IONIC BONDS 1 You have mastered this topic when you can: 1) define or describe these terms: IONIC BOND, CATION, ANION and FORMULA UNIT. 2) predict the formation of an IONIC BOND
More information331/01 CHEMISTRY CH1 A.M. WEDNESDAY, 7 June 2006 (1 hour 30 minutes)
Candidate Name Centre Number Candidate Number WELSH JOINT EDUCATION COMMITTEE General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced CYD-BWYLLGOR ADDYSG CYMRU Tystysgrif Addysg Gyffredinol Uwch
More informationCovalent Bonding. In nature, only the noble gas elements exist as uncombined atoms. All other elements need to lose or gain electrons
In nature, only the noble gas elements exist as uncombined atoms. They are monatomic - consist of single atoms. All other elements need to lose or gain electrons To form ionic compounds Some elements share
More informationUnit Six --- Ionic and Covalent Bonds
Unit Six --- Ionic and Covalent Bonds Electron Configuration in Ionic Bonding Ionic Bonds Bonding in Metals Valence Electrons Electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an element s atoms Examples
More informationCartoon courtesy of NearingZero.net. Unit 3: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Cartoon courtesy of NearingZero.net Unit 3: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Bonds Forces that hold groups of atoms together and make them function as a unit. Ionic bonds transfer of electrons
More informationUNIT F321: ATOMS, BONDS AND GROUPS REVISION CHECKLIST. Miscellaneous Questions
UNIT F321: ATOMS, BONDS AND GROUPS REVISION CHECKLIST Miscellaneous Questions 1.1 Module 1: Atoms and Reactions 1.1.1 Atoms Candidates should be able to: Atomic structure (a) describe protons, neutrons
More informationCovalent bonding does not involve electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged particles.
SCH3U7 - Topic 4: Bonding Review SL Which of these bonding types would not be classified as strong? Metallic Covalent Ionic Dipole dipole The bond dissociation energy of NaCl is 411 kj mol -1, while that
More informationChemical Bonds I. Why Atoms Combine
Chemical Bonds I. Why Atoms Combine Chemical Formula Chemical Bond Stability What is a compound? What does the word compound mean in this sentence? I have a compound fracture in my leg. What is a compound?
More informationCovalent Bonding. a. O b. Mg c. Ar d. C. a. K b. N c. Cl d. B
Covalent Bonding 1. Obtain the number of valence electrons for each of the following atoms from its group number and draw the correct Electron Dot Notation (a.k.a. Lewis Dot Structures). a. K b. N c. Cl
More information1.3 Bonding. They have full outer shells and the electrons are paired with opposite spins fulfilling the 'octet rule'.
1.3 Bonding Electron configuration: They have full outer shells and the electrons are paired with opposite spins fulfilling the 'octet rule'. Bonding: All other elements on the periodic table will combine
More informationThe drawing shows a container of a compound called magnesium chloride. How many elements are joined together to form magnesium chloride?
Bonding part 5 Q1. The drawing shows a container of a compound called magnesium chloride. How many elements are joined together to form magnesium chloride? Magnesium chloride is an ionic compound. What
More informationName AP CHEM / / Chapter 8 Outline Bonding: General Concepts
Name AP CHEM / / Chapter 8 Outline Bonding: General Concepts Types of Chemical Bonds Information about the strength of a bonding interaction is obtained by measuring the bond energy, which is the energy
More informationBonding Practice Exam
Bonding Practice Exam Matching Match each item with the correct statement below. a. halide ion e. valence electron b. octet rule f. coordination number c. ionic bond g. metallic bond d. electron dot structure
More information4 Examiner SECTION B. Answer all questions in the spaces provided. 5. (a) The Solvay process is used to make sodium compounds from sodium chloride.
4 SECTION B Answer all questions in the spaces provided. 5. (a) The Solvay process is used to make sodium compounds from sodium chloride. (i) The first step in the process requires ammonia, which can be
More information(a) Draw the electron density map for a chlorine molecule to show covalent bonding. (1)
1 Sodium and chlorine react together to produce sodium chloride. The bonding in the product is different from that in both of the reactants. Evidence for the type of bonding present can be obtained in
More informationatomic number mass number (2) Identify the particle which contains 11 protons, 12 neutrons and 10 electrons.... (1)
1. (a) (i) Define the terms: atomic number...... mass number...... Identify the particle which contains 11 protons, 12 neutrons and 10 electrons.... (b) Bromine consists of two isotopes, mass numbers 79
More informationChapter 8. Bonding: General Concepts. Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter 8 Bonding: General Concepts Chapter 8 Table of Contents (8.1) (8.2) (8.3) (8.4) (8.5) (8.6) (8.7) (8.8) Types of chemical bonds Electronegativity Bond polarity and dipole moments Ions: Electron
More informationName May 2, 2012 Physical Behavior of Matter and Bonding Review
Name May 2, 2012 Physical Behavior of Matter and Bonding Review Base your answers to questions 1 through 3 on the information below. Starting as a gas at 206 C, a sample of a substance is allowed to cool
More informationIonic or Covalent: Track Those Electrons
Electrons Goal Use rings and diagrams to model the formation of ionic compounds and covalent compounds. What to Do Use a blank piece of paper and rings to model electron transfers and electron sharing,
More informationList, with an explanation, the three compounds in order of increasing carbon to oxygen bond length (shortest first).
T4-2P1 [226 marks] 1. Which statement best describes the intramolecular bonding in HCN(l)? A. Electrostatic attractions between H + and CN ions B. Only van der Waals forces C. Van der Waals forces and
More informationDirections: Please choose the best answer choice for each of the following questions.
Directions: Please choose the best answer choice for each of the following questions. 1. Kevin is listing the similarities between metallic and ionic bonds for a laboratory project. Which similarity regarding
More informationPeriodic Table Practice 11/29
Periodic Table Practice 11/29 1. The arrangement of the elements from left to right in Period 4 on the Periodic Table is based on A) atomic mass B) atomic number C) the number of electron shells D) the
More information